Enhancing Antenna Gain Using 2D-EBG Structures for C-Band Applications PDF

Enhancing Antenna Gain Using 2D-EBG Structures for C-Band Applications Loubna Rmili Moustapha El bakkali Bouchra Ezzahry Department of Physics, Faculty of Department of Physics, Faculty of...

Enhancing Antenna Gain Using 2D-EBG Structures for C-Band Applications Loubna Rmili Moustapha El bakkali Bouchra Ezzahry Department of Physics, Faculty of Department of Physics, Faculty of Department of Physics, Faculty of sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University University University Intelligent Systems Design Laboratory Intelligent Systems Design Laboratory Intelligent Systems Design Laboratory Optics, Material and systems Team Tetouan, Morocco Tetouan, Morocco Tetouan, Morocco [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Bousselham Samoudi Department of Physics, Faculty of sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University Intelligent Systems Design Laboratory Optics, Material and systems Team Tetouan, Morocco [email protected] Abstract— This paper presents a novel Electromagnetic detailed simulation using Ansys HFSS, we demonstrate how Band Gap (EBG) structure designed to enhance antenna this new configuration can decrease interference and improve performance. The proposed antenna features a rectangular signal clarity in critical communication applications,. patch fed by a 50 Ω SMA coaxial probe. The structure includes The proposed design promises significant improvements in an innovative EBG rectangular box with four supports of Neltec gain and return loss, making it a valuable contribution to the NX9240 material, and its design and parametric analysis were field. This work aims to design a planar antenna with high gain conducted using Ansys HFSS simulation software. Utilizing a through the use of EBG structures. Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2, this design significantly improves gain and reduces return II. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION losses. The proposed antenna achieves a gain of 12.60 dB and demonstrates substantial performance enhancements at the C- A. Antenna structure without EBG Band, particularly beneficial for radar and satellite communication applications. Figure 1 illustrates the layout of the designed antenna, featuring a rectangular patch etched onto the substrate with the Keywords—Gain, Electromagnetic Band Gap, Neltec NX9240, HFSS, return loss, C-Band. dimensions: width (Wpatch) = 15 mm and length (Lpatch) = 12 mm. This antenna is printed on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 I. INTRODUCTION substrate, which is characterized by a relative permittivity (Ԑr) of 2.2, a loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.0009, and a thickness (h) of In the rapidly evolving field of communications, the 1.57 mm. The antenna is fed by a 50Ω SMA coaxial probe and demand for higher data rates, enhanced signal quality, and possesses overall lateral dimensions of L = 184 mm and w = more efficient use of the electromagnetic spectrum has never 40 mm calculated with equations (1) and (2). been greater. Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) materials have emerged as crucial elements in meeting these demands by controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves,. These materials have facilitated significant advancements in communication technologies, particularly in enhancing antenna performances,. EBG structures are characterized by their periodic dielectric or metallic configurations, which inhibit the propagation of electromagnetic waves over certain frequency bands. This capability is particularly significant in frequency ranges commonly employed in radar systems, satellite communications, and various wireless technologies. Consequently, the C-band is an ideal focus for enhancing Fig 1: Proposed antenna without EBG, (a) Top view, (b) Side view. Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) designs to improve performance,. 𝐷 Despite the advancements, current EBG designs face 10 𝑑𝑏 2. 𝐿=√ 10 0  challenges such as limited gain improvement and higher 0.8 2 return losses. This paper seeks to address these challenges by proposing a novel EBG design that enhances performance   specifically at the frequency of 6.6 GHz,. Through 𝜃−3𝑑𝐵 = 50.8 0 𝑙  Where: 8.25dB with omnidirectional behavior, despite the absence of EBG enhancements. To further enhance gain we plan to 𝐷𝑑𝑏 : Directivity. incorporate our antenna design with Electromagnetic Band 0 : Wavelength in vaccum. Gap (EBG) structures. B. Antenna structure with EBG The antenna is designed for C-band satellite The proposed Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure applications. The simulated reflection coefficient S11 shown in Figure 4 consists of a rectangular box with holes results are analyzed and illustrated in Figure 2. The graph aligned in a row along its length. This structure is supported clearly shows resonance at 6.6 GHz, where the S11 value by four rods. Material selection was carefully considered to reaches a minimum of -13.5 dB, indicating an impedance ensure that the proposed structure did not introduce any matching at this frequency. This peak performance suggests perturbations to the antenna design. The choice of Neltec that the antenna is optimally tuned for the C-band, specifically NX9240 was in the context, as its properties, including a targeting the 6.6 GHz frequency which is critical for satellite relative permittivity of 2.4 and a loss tangent of 0.0016 align communication applications. well with the requirements for optimal performance. The antenna was designed and simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Fig 2: Coefficient reflection S11 for the proposed antenna without EBG structure. Fig 4: Proposed antenna structure. The graph shown in Figure 5 presents the reflection coefficient (S11) of the proposed antenna, incorporating Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures. Here, S11 reaches its minimum value of approximately -24 dB, demonstrating excellent impedance matching at the frequency of 6.6 GHz. This indicates that the antenna is highly efficient at this specific frequency. Overall, the inclusion of EBG structures has significantly enhanced the antenna’s performance, improving the reflection coefficient from -13.5 dB to -24 dB. (a) (b) Fig 3: 3D radiation pattern of the proposed antenna.(a) Gain , (b) Directivity. Fig 5: Coefficient reflection S11 for the proposed antenna with EBG structure. The 3D radiation pattern shown in the diagram illustrates The 3D radiation pattern for the proposed antenna, which the gain and the directivity distribution of the antenna in incorporates Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures, is Figure 3, operating at the frequency 6.6GHz without the use illustrated in Figure 6. This configuration achieves a gain of of Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures reaching up to 12.60 dB and a directivity of 12.23 dB. The incorporation of  EBG structures significantly enhances the antenna’s REFERENCES performance, boosting its gain and thus ensuring that the antenna can maintain a strong and clear signal over greater J. D. 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