Nanotechnology 12th Lecture PDF

Nanotechnology Module 12 December 7, 2024 OM SLIDESMANIA.C  What is Nanotechnology? OM SLIDESMANIA.C SLIDESMANIA.C OM  Let’s Define Nanotechnology! OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Nanot...

Nanotechnology Module 12 December 7, 2024 OM SLIDESMANIA.C  What is Nanotechnology? OM SLIDESMANIA.C SLIDESMANIA.C OM  Let’s Define Nanotechnology! OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Nanotechnology It refers to the science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanoscience and nanotechnology employs the study and application of exceptionally small things in other areas of science including materials OM SLIDESMANIA.C science, engineering, physics, biology, and chemistry.  Viewing Nanomaterials OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Scientists use special types of microscopes to view nanomaterials. During the early 1930s, scientists used electron microscopes and field microscopes to look at the nanoscale. The scanning tunneling microscope and atomic force microscope are just among the modern and remarkable advancements in microscopy. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Electron Microscope  Built by German engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll in the 1930s.  Utilizes a particle beam of electrons to light up a specimen and develop a well-magnified image.  Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll (TEM) are the two general types of electron microscope OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Scanning electron microscope (SEM)  Invented by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in 1981 (won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986).  Enables scientists to view and manipulate nanoscale particles, atoms, and small molecules. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)  Developed by Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph Gerber in 1986.  Makes use of a mechanical probe that gathers information from the surface of a material. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Specific UNA Adobe Acrobat Document OM SLIDESMANIA.C RmlA overexpression 0.5M IPTG in 500mL @ SDS-PAGE RmlA 16 deg C; 18 hrs Ladder OD600 = 0.7 pellet lysate IPTG + IPTG - kDa FT wash kDa Cleaved by DTT BCA = 145 mg 170 170 130 130 100 100 70 70 55 fusion 55 40 Protein 40 35 35 25 25 RmlA 15 15 10 10 RmlA overexpression 0.5M IPTG in 500mL @ SDS-PAGE RmlA Ladder Elution 16 deg C; 17 hrs pellet Bead lysate kDa IPTG + OD600 = 0.7 IPTG - wash FT Cleaved by MESNA 170 Bradford = 30 mg 130 100 70 fusion 55 Protein 40 35 RmlA 25 NH2-MNP preparation  Preparation of MNP Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 8OH- Fe(OH)2 + 2Fe(OH)3 Fe3O4 + 4H2O S.M. M.W. weight mmole ratio FeCl2 4H2O 198.81 3.18 g 16 1 FeCl3 162.21 5.2 g 32 2 1.5 M NaOH 15 g NaOH + 250 ml degassed water 0.01M HCl 250 L 12NHCl + 200 ml degassed water acid solution 850 L 12NHCl + 25 ml degassed water degassed water 1.5 L From Bear  NH2-MNP synthesis APS ; TEOS PEG 20 :1 2 hrs 60oC 12 hrs 60oC  Particle was quantified using Amine density colorimetric assay RmlA-MNP Synthesis  Immobilized RmlA quantified by BCA  1.74mg RmlA /ml  5.2 mg RmlA immobilized  RmlA-MNP to be tested for the synthesis of UDP- Gal Enzymatic Synthesis of Trisaccharide ATP ADP OH OH O O HO HO HO OH NahK HO O NHAc AcHN O PO pH= 7.5; 100 mM Tris; 40 mM MgCl 2 4Hrs O 200 mg 37 deg C P M SMP OH O S O UTP OH HO PPi HO HO O O O O NH AcHN HO O P O AcHN P P O O O N O O RmlA O - O- O pH= 7.5; 100 mM Tris; 40 mM MgCl 2 HO OH 4Hrs 55 deg C P M SMP Solvent: 2 n-BuOH; 2 HOAc; 1 S Enzymatic Synthesis of Trisaccharide small Scale (10 mg) OH OH OH O O HO O O HO N3 O OH NHAc OH OH OH OH OH HO O O O NH HO O O O HO P P O O O AcHN O O O N O HO HO N3 O- O- O 20 ug/mL HpGnT; 0. 2 mM DTT NHAc OH NHAc 3 HO OH Temp = 25oC Time = 4 hrs “New” “Old” “mix” Solvent: 2 Solvent DCM; 1MeOH Currently 60 mg LacNAc is being converted to tri- PMS saccharide Trisaccharide NMR UDP-Galactose “partial” purification 20 mM ATP; 20 mM UTP; GalK 5 ug/ml RmlA 1mg/ml 20 mM MgCl 2 pH=7.5 Temp = 55oC Time = 4 hrs  P2 column  ~500mg NMR UDP-Galactose Materials at present  Enzymes Disaccharide  Tri-saccharide Tetra-saccharide ◦ RmlA (145 mg) ◦ NahK ◦ NmGalT (18 mg) ◦ GalK (19.35 mg) ◦ HpGnT (from AYC)  Sugar ◦ LacNAc ~300mg ◦ Tri-saccharide ~ 10 mg ◦ UDP-Gal ◦ UDP-GlcNac Next Activity  LacNAc large scale preparation  HpGnT Overexpression and Transformation  LgtC Overexpression (as need arises)  RmlA -MNP to be used on Large scale UDP-Galactose preparation  UDP-Galactose purification (Ion exchange Chrom.)  Trisaccharide synthesis (Large Scale upon availability of HpGnT) OH OH OH  Gb3 synthesis O O HO O O HO OH OH  Nanomanufacturing OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Nanomanufacturing It refers to scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices, and systems. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  There are two fundamental approaches to nanomanufacturing: 1. Bottom-up fabrication Manufactures products by building them up from atomic and molecular scale components. However, this method can OM SLIDESMANIA.C be time-consuming.  2. Top-down fabrication Trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  There are new approaches to the assembly of nanomaterials based on the application of principles in top-down and bottom-up fabrication. These techniques include: 1. Dip pen lithography (DPN) A method in which the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) is “dipped” into a chemical fluid and then utilized to “write” on a surface, like an old-fashioned ink OM SLIDESMANIA.C pen onto paper.  2. Self-assembly Depicts an approach wherein a set of components join together to mold an organized structure in the absence of an outside direction. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  3. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) A procedure wherein chemicals act in response to form very pure, high- performance films OM SLIDESMANIA.C  4. Nanoimprint lithography A method of generating nanoscale attributes by “stamping” or “printing” them onto a surface. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  5. Molecular beam epitaxy A one manner for depositing extremely controlled thin films. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  6. Roll-to-roll processing A high-volume practice for constructing nanoscale devices on a roll of ultrathin plastic or metal. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  7. Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ALE) It is also known as Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) A means for laying down one-atom-thick layer on a surface. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  With the use of these techniques, nanomaterials are made more durable, stronger, lighter, among others. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  In the near future, computers that are more efficient, with larger storage, faster, and energy-saving will be developed. Eventually, the entire memory of a computer will be saved in a single tiny chip. Moreover, nanotechnology has the potential to construct high- OM SLIDESMANIA.C efficiency, low-cost batteries and solar cells.  Government Funding for Nanotechnology in Different Countries OM SLIDESMANIA.C  1. US National Nanotechnology Initiative Best known and most funded program. Established in 2001 to coordinate US federal nanotechnology research and development. 2. European Commission The European Nanoelectronics Initiative Advisory Council (ENIAC) was launched in February 2008. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  3. Japan (Nanotechnology Research Institute, under the National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology). 4. Taiwan (Taiwan National Science and Technology Program for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology) 5. India (Nanotechnology Research and Education Foundation) 6. China (National Center for Nanoscience and Technology) 7. Israel (Israel National Nanotechnology Initiative) 8. Australia (Australian Office of Nanotechnology) 9. Canada (National Institute for Nanotechnology or NINT) 10.South Korea (Korea National Nanotechnology Intitiative) 11.Thailand (National Nanotechnology Center or NANOTEC) 12.Malaysia (National Nanotechnology Initiatives) OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Possible Applications of Nanotechnology in the Philippines OM SLIDESMANIA.C   Information Communication Technology (ICT) and semiconductors  Health and Medicine  Energy  Food and agriculture  Environment OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Nanotech Roadmap for the Philippines (funded by PCASTRD-DOST) OM SLIDESMANIA.C   ICT and semiconductors  Health and biomedical  Energy  Environment  Agriculture and food  Health and environmental risk  Nano-metrology  Education and public awareness OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Benefits and Concerns of Using Nanotechnology OM SLIDESMANIA.C  Salamanca-Buentello et al. proposed an initiative called “Addressing Global Challenges Using Nanotechnology” to accelerate the use of nanotechnology to address critical sustainable development challenges. OM SLIDESMANIA.C  However, there are concerns that need to be addressed before using and promoting materials derived from nanotechnology.  Nanotechnology is not a single technology.  Nanotechnology seeks to develop new materials with specific properties. OM SLIDESMANIA.C   Nanotechnology may introduce new efficiencies and paradigms which may make some natural resources and current practices uncompetitive or obsolete.  It may be complicated to detect its presence unless one has the specialist tools of nanotechnology. OM SLIDESMANIA.C END SLIDESMANIA.C OM  References: Serafica, J. P., Pawilen, G., Caslib Jr., B., & Alata, E. (n.d.). Science, Technology, and Society. REX Book Store Potential of nanotechnology in medical sector. A Global Technology Magazine. (1968, January 1). Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://www.technology-innovators.com/potential-of- nanotechnology-in-medical-sector/ Nanotechnology microscope test tube atoms stock vector (royalty free) 300229196. Shutterstock. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector/nanotechnology-microscope-test-tube-atoms- 300229196 New Scanning Electron Microscope with automated analytical intelligence . Labmate Online. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://www.labmate-online.com/news/microscopy-and-microtechniques/4/jeol-usa-inc/new- scanning-electron-microscope-with-automated-analytical-intelligencenbsp/51555 Complete story electron microscope since 1931 at today. Delta Microscopies. (2020, September 24). Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://www.deltamicroscopies.com/complete-story-electron-microscope-since-1931-at-today/ Witec alpha300 a: Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). AZoM.com. (n.d.). Retrieved November OM SLIDESMANIA.C 10, 2022, from https://www.azom.com/equipment-details.aspx?EquipID=568  References: YouTube. (2020, October 26). Top down approach and bottom up approach to produce nanomaterials. YouTube. Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLKsHAtxDrM What is DPN? (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://web.stanford.edu/group/mota/education/Physics%2087N%20Final%20Projects/Group %20Alpha%20v2/whatisdpn.html Selfassembly. NIMET: Nanoscience Institute for Medical & Engineering Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://www.eng.ufl.edu/nimet/about/what-is- nanotechnology/future-possibilities-at-uf/medical-and-biological-applications/selfassembly/ RSL 2012 Steering Committee and partners. National Nanotechnology Initiative. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://www.nano.gov/2012RSLSteeringCommittee Big meeting on nanoelectronics. HazardEx. (n.d.). Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://www.hazardexonthenet.net/article/22294/Big-meeting-on-nanoelectronics.aspx Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Flag of the Philippines. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-the-Philippines About Us. network4sustainablenano.org. (2022, April 6). Retrieved November 10, 2022, from https://network4sustainablenano.org/about-us/ OM SLIDESMANIA.C