Respiratory System Presentation PDF

THE NEED FOR 10.1 A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WHAT IS THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? To take oxygen O2 CO into the body 2 To remove carbon dioxide (waste) from the body WHY DOES OUR BODY NEED OXYGEN? Our cells use oxygen to obtain energy from food...

THE NEED FOR 10.1 A RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WHAT IS THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? To take oxygen O2 CO into the body 2 To remove carbon dioxide (waste) from the body WHY DOES OUR BODY NEED OXYGEN? Our cells use oxygen to obtain energy from food in a process called aerobic cellular respiration  Aerobic Cellular Respiration - the biochemical pathway that produces ATP energy for the body. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION The series of chemical reactions that occur in the cell that provide energy and consume oxygen From the food we Waste eat! products AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION  About 64% of the energy released is thermal energy to help maintain a constant body temperature  About 36% is stored in ATP (energy molecule)  ATP = adenosine triphosphate  36 ATPs are made for every glucose molecule MAKING ATP ATP is formed when energy from the breakdown of glucose is used to attach a phosphate group (Pi) onto a molecule called adenosine diphosphate, ADP. The process that forms ATP from ADP, phosphate, and energy is called phosphorylation. MAKING ATP Cells use ATP to power almost all of their energy-requiring processes Some Examples:  Active transport  Growth  Movement  Building new molecules and/or cells  OBTAINING ENERGY FROM ATP Energy for these cellular processes is obtained when ATP reacts with other molecules, reforming ADP and the phosphate group. The released energy is then able to do work. Chemical Formula: ADP and phosphate are recycled C6continuously. H12O6 + 6O2 + 36 ADP + 36 Pi 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP + thermal energy ATP  ADP + PI + ENERGY ATP  ADP + PI + ENERGY ATP has three phosphate groups in the tail. The phosphate groups are negatively charged and thus repel each other. The last phosphate can easily be lost as a result of this repulsion (high energy bond) When this high energy bond is broken, energy is released. This amount of energy is used to power the biochemical reactions that occur in all cells THE NEED FOR OXYGEN  O2 is vital to life! We take between 17,000 and 29,000 breaths everyday.  Humans can survive for only a few minutes without oxygen (3-4 minutes is enough to cause brain damage).  The air we breathe is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases, including carbon dioxide PRIMARY FUNCTION Provide Oxygen  Oxygen is obtained from the ambient (outside) air via the lungs (inhalation) and transferred to the blood to be delivered to the rest ofO2 CO2 the body Pick up Carbon Dioxide Waste  Carbon dioxide is transferred from the blood to lungs and removed from the body (exhalation) OTHER FUNCTIONS  Protect the body from micro-organisms Cells of trachea secrete mucus that can trap foreign objects that were not stopped in nasal cavity Microscopic cilia then work to ‘sweep’ trapped substances back to the pharynx which can then be swallowed or expelled  Respiratory system also provides sound by vocal cords (in larynx) – these cords vibrate as air is forced past them, producing sound