1. Introduction to biology and cell theory.pdf

College of Medicine 1st year Medical Biology 1 2024/1446  Lecture`s Objectives HIW.am Introduction to biology ❖ List characters, organization and structural units of living organisms & cell theory ❖ Identify organization levels of...

College of Medicine 1st year Medical Biology 1 2024/1446  Lecture`s Objectives HIW.am Introduction to biology ❖ List characters, organization and structural units of living organisms & cell theory ❖ Identify organization levels of living matter. ❖ Identify Cells as the structural units of all living organisms ❖ Differentiate between prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells  8km6 Science classified into: What is Biology? Idk 1- Natural science, study of nature Iiday s 2- Physical science, non-living things as physics sE8 3- Biological science, living things idle m.IM I So, the Biology is the science5414 of life, From Greek a wards: “ bio” = life “logy” = study MY 41 mis WI It is the study of structures, functions & relationships Holetta of living-things & the interactions between them & environment. iv It's IT g Medical biology, means study of human ie will a  Some Fields of study in biology s.by jwHls8 w Ed Anatomy, study of organ structure 411 at Embryology study of embryonic development total with Histology study of cells and tissues no Genetics study of heredity MY Microbiology study of microorganisms fl May Virology study of viruses L my Mycology study of fungi 11m Bacteriology study of bacteria I IiI Physiology study of functions & activities of living organisms skill µ Taxonomy study of classification of plants and animals Idea.int Biochemistry study of biochemical process in the body that kid Parasitology study of parasites tahini Zoology study of animals / Botany study of plants 0414  41114 im Importance of biology im Understand ourselves and surrounding 4Wh w Idek'M Understand the interaction between living things & the I environments II 01 21 Appreciate the diverse variety of living things Him how the human body function Better understanding alibis It 6H off's If Diagnosis of diseases especially under the microscope t.HN of diseases Hit to find cure pitfor diseases Better understanding mechanisms 24 5 ok 8 Better understanding the genetics If  WHY.mil bb What is the main purpose for this course? IAIN www.t I a * Provides an overview of terms, subjects and skills related to cell and feb tissue Biology of human 5 www.iko.LI * Prepares students to understand the fundamental principles of living D W wigfidf organisms. a.am how * Explore biological science as a process, cell and tissue types, cell and zdlik tissue characters, ultrastructure and function. i.SN T  Assessment Tasks Assessment task Week Due Proportion of Total Assessment Quiz (one correct MCQ & SAQ) According to timeline 5% Mid-semester theory exam (one correct 8 20% MCQ & SAQ) 5% Activities/ According to timeline assignments (seminars, discussion & presentation) End of course (16th 20% Final Practical Exam week) End of course (18th 50% Final Theoretical Exam(one correct MCQ ,19th ) & SAQ)  tol Ulw Characters of living organism 1- Movement/Locomotion (Musculoskeletal system) I 6m.sk 241 (Skin, Urinary system) 2- Excretion 3.141.1 its 3- Reproduction / Heredity (Reproductivewww IN system) tot own (Adjust to changes in the environment) 4- Respiration/ Homeostasis twedia t a A (Respiratory system) thin ima af.am 5- Irritability/ Sensitivity/Adaptability (Nervous system) at MY 6- Nutrition (digestive system)/ Metabolism 91 14 I Development & Repair 7- Growth, 241  cell theory GI a.da.de l The generally accepted modern cell theory includes: ad 21061918 m Fit * All known living things are made up of one or more cells (unicellular or multicellular). twos off * All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. too if 4 Iad * It is the structural & functional unit in all living organisms. IT IN 6411 I T III occurs within cells. 4 0 * Energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) * Cells 455 0 110 contain DNA specifically in the chromosome (nucleus) & RNA in the cell nucleus & cytoplasm. s II side  31 jwa.f..H.W Organization levels of living organism (from cellular level) izm.sk 1- Cells are collected with each others to form a tissue. kiss by intimate wait 2- Tissues are groups of cells work together to produce a same function. There are only four types of tissues in the body. M.mu HfiiE of  my et kids 3- Tissues are collected to form organs (made of I adifferent tissue types) awaits 4- Organs constitute the system (make specific function) I 4 5- systems form organism (an individual) III it 1 mat ski i  Iii Types of cells x̅ a t.IT II  1s Prokaryotes: They are: im mid 1- Relatively small (1-5 μm), less complicated cells adsia smh 2- Are surrounded by the plasma membrane & cell wall. 4.1 iisted f i sit 3- Lack a nucleus (the genetic materials in the form of circular or Highly linear DNA free in the protoplasm ) aihi.ws 8 iwdlew.fi 4- No membranous organelles (The non-membranous ribosomes are only present). IIIA 5- e.g. bacteria  III W Eukaryotes They are: III 1- larger (10-100 μm) & more complex cell Idlia.jo ab 2- Have a nucleus (organized stored genetic material) & many organelles. Chf film idea dawd 3-May be unicellular or multicellular ab sin 4- Surrounded by the plasma membrane w spoadb 5- Have distinct nuclei bound by a nuclear membrane or envelope. i ok I 6- e.g., Plants, fungi, animals and human.  Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells I Larger & complex im Small & Simple Cell > 5 μm (10-100) 1 – 5 μm 11 No Visible with low power saw Have cell wall Visible with high power of Nucleus No Nucleus Nucleus out two DNA in the nucleus & bounded DNA free in cytoplasm 1 exams.ie with histone protein 4 DNA is Linear System of organelles 6T DNA may be circular or linear No membranous organelles Organelles (membranous & non) call of CII Ribosomes also present Ribosomes only (non- III membranous) 8169 Both have plasma membrane Mitosis & meiosis Simple fission Division int Animals & human Bacteria Examples ia