Biomechanics Concepts PDF

TOPIC 1: BIOMECHANICS CONCEPT Definition of biomechanics Uses the tools of mechanics to study the anatomy and functional aspects of living organisms. Kinematics Is a branch of mechanics that describes the motion of a body, without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion. Analysis...

TOPIC 1: BIOMECHANICS CONCEPT Definition of biomechanics Uses the tools of mechanics to study the anatomy and functional aspects of living organisms. Kinematics Is a branch of mechanics that describes the motion of a body, without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion. Analysis of the trajectory of a body’s that is in motion over time. Concepts: -Body position at a given time -The displacement that was made -The time it takes to do it -The speed -Acceleration Linear motion Is motion in which all parts of the body travel the same distance and in the same direction. -Center of mass movement (CoM) -Ignore the rotation -Rectilinear or curvilinear movement Displacement Measure the change of position of an object in space Angular Displacement: The change in orientation of a line segment. Speed Measures the rate of change of displacement in a given time. The same direction as the displacement. Units: meters/second Average speed= total displacement / total time Acceleration Indicates the direction and rate of change of speed. Units: m/s2 Angular movement Rotation of segments around an axis, which is oriented perpendicular to the plane in which the rotation occurs. When angular motion occurs, moving body parts are constantly moving relative to other body parts. Kinetics Study of the forces associated with movement. Newtons laws of motion First law A body at rest remains at rest, or, if in motion, remains in motion at as constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force. Second Law: Law of momentum The rate of change of linear impulse of an object is proportional to the force causing it and occurs in the direction ion which the force acts. Third Law: Law of action-reaction Every aciton in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction. If object A exerts a force on object B, object B also exerts an equal and opposite force on object A. In other words, results from interactions. Quantitative versus Qualitative Qualitative Refers more to the description of quality without the use of numbers. A qualitative description does not mean that it is general , it can be general or very precise. Physicians, trainers and fitness instructors regularly use qualitative observations of their patients, athletes, or students to formulate opinions or give advice. Quantitative - Use of numbers. Measurement of different mechanical parameters applying physics laws. Better comparisons Assess risk of injury Improve performance