1-Body Fluids 2023-2024.pdf

Body Fluids Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 1  Intended Learning Objectives (ILOs) By the end of lecture, you should be able to: Describe the levels of organization of the body. Describe the body fluids. Identify to...

Body Fluids Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 1  Intended Learning Objectives (ILOs) By the end of lecture, you should be able to: Describe the levels of organization of the body. Describe the body fluids. Identify total body water (TBW) and factors affecting it. Mention the different fluid compartments in the human body. Describe ionic composition of body fluid compartments. State the main cations and anions in the ECF and ICF. Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 2  Body Organization The sequence that represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization is: Organism System Organ Tissue Cell Chemicals= atoms and molecules Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 3  Body Organization Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 4  Body Composition Water is the most abundant component of the body 7 15 18 60 Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 5 water proteins fats minerals  Body Fluid TBW = 42 liters in a 70 Kg adult male (TBW= 70 x 60/100 = 42L) Factors affecting TBW Physiological Pathological Amount of fat Dehydration (Obesity, Leanness) Overhydration Sex Age 6 Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr  Body Fluid Variations TBW varies with Age and Sex depending on body fat: ▪ In infant = 75% ▪ In male adult = 60 % ▪ In female adult = 40-50% ▪ In old age = 45% Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 7 Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 8  Body Fluid Variations Water content varies in the different kinds of tissues in the body: The more the fat the less the water content. Lean tissue = Fat free tissue (73%) Brain gray matter →85% (Highest) Muscle, skin and internal organs →70-80% Bone → 22% Adipose tissue (fat)→ 10-20% Teeth dentine →10% (Lowest) Plasma  a high body H2O percentage → 90%with leanness. is associated Sunday, October 1, 2023  a low body H2O percentage is associated with obesity. Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 9 Calculate the TBW content in: 1-Adult male weighing 70 Kg: TBW 60% of body weight→ 70 x 60/100= 42 L 2- Adult female weighing 70 Kg: TBW 40% of body weight→ 70 x 40/100= 28 L TBW 50% of body weight→ 70 x 50/100= 35 L TBW 40- 50% of body weight→ 28- 35 L 3- An infant weighing 20 Kg: TBW 75% of body weight→ 20 x 75/100= 15 L 10 Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr  Body Fluid Compartments Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 11  Body Fluid Distribution Water is distributed between different compartments: Intra-cellular fluid: fluid inside the cell (Cytosol), 2/3 (67%) of body fluids. Extra-cellular fluid: fluid outside the cell, 1/3 (33%) of body fluids, divided into two components: ❖Interstitial fluid (fluid surrounding the cells or between the cells = intercellular). ❖Blood plasma (fluid component of the blood, circulating in vessels = intravascular). 12 Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr  Body Fluid Distribution Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 13  Body Fluid Distribution TBW 60% of body weight (42 L) Intracellular Fluid (ICF): Extracellular Fluid (ECF): 40% of body weight (28 L) 20% of body weight (14 L) Intravascular Extravascular =Plasma =Interstitial Fluid 14 Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr  Body fluid compartments 70 Kg adult male, 60% of the body weight is water= 42 L ICF ECF 40% of body weight 20% of body weight (70x40/100= 28 L) (70x20/100= 14 L) 2/3 (67%) of total body water 1/3 (33%) of total body water (42 X 2/3 = 28 L) (42 X 1/3 = 14 L) ISF Plasma 15% of body weight 5% of body weight (70 x 15/100= 10.5 L) (70 x 5/100= 3.5 L) 3/4 ECF 1/4 ECF (14 X ¾ = 10.5 L) (14 X ¼ = 3.5 L) Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 15  Volume of different body fluid compartments in a healthy adult male 70 Kg body weight Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 16  Total blood volume: 8% of body weight (70x8/100= 5.6 L) ~ 5-6 L Total blood = Plasma + Cells (RBCs, WBCs & platelets) Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 17  Minor ECF compartments Lymph Transcellular fluid Cerebrospinal fluid Intraocular fluid Joint (synovial) fluid Pericardial fluid Pleural fluid Peritoneal fluid GIT lumen (Digestive juice) Small, specialized fluid volumes, present in specialized body cavities. Its composition may differ markedly from that of the plasma or interstitial fluid. Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 18  Does transcellular compartment reflect changes in body’s fluid balance? ▪ It represents an insignificant fraction of total body water. ▪ It does not reflect changes in the body’s fluid balance. ▪ A localized changes in a particular transcellular fluid compartment e.g.  intraocular fluid does not affect the fluid balance of the body. ▪ In exception, when the digestive juices are lost from the body during heavy vomiting or diarrhea, a fluid imbalance can occur. Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 19  Body Fluids Composition Extra cellular fluid Intra cellular fluid Main cation: Sodium Main cation: Potassium Main anion: Chloride Main anion: Phosphates Bicarbonate Proteins Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 20  Body Fluids Composition Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 21  Body Fluids Composition ICF ˃ Plasma protein protein 4 times Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 22  Fluid movement between different fluid compartments - Exchange between ICF, ECF through cell membrane. - Exchange between plasma, ISF through capillary membrane. Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 23  Fluid movement between different fluid compartments - Exchange between ICF, ECF through cell membrane (Selective permeability; highly permeable to water and relatively impermeable to solutes, flexibility) by Osmosis (pure water) from area of low Osmotic pressure to area of high Osmotic pressure. - Exchange between plasma, ISF through capillary membrane (High permeability; porous membrane & Large total surface area of capillaries) by both Osmosis and Filtration (water and dissolved solutes) from area of high Hydrostatic pressure to area of low Hydrostatic pressure. Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 24  Lecture Quiz MCQ = Multiple Choice Question Which of the following is the approximate extracellular fluid volume of a normal adult individual? a. 5% of body weight b. 10% of body weight c. 20% of body weight d. 40% of body weight e. 60% of body weight Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 25  Lecture Quiz MCQ = Multiple Choice Question Which of the following organs has the highest water content? a. Adipose tissue b. Teeth c. Muscles d. Brain white matter e. Bone Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 26  Body fluids Measurement How? Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 27  THANK YOU Sunday, October 1, 2023 Dr/ Doaa Abou-Bakr 28