Overhead Travelling Cranes - Step Notes (PDF) - Apr 2017

5. Materials The Competent Person must be familiar with materials and sections used for cranes and their supporting structures. Design and verification standards: BS EN 1993 (Part 6) – applies to crane supporting structures manufactured from rolled steel sections:  The standard provides desi...

5. Materials The Competent Person must be familiar with materials and sections used for cranes and their supporting structures. Design and verification standards: BS EN 1993 (Part 6) – applies to crane supporting structures manufactured from rolled steel sections:  The standard provides design rules for the structural design of runway beams and other crane 63 supporting structures  It covers overhead crane runways inside buildings and outdoor crane runways, including runways for: o Overhead travelling cranes, either o Supported on top of the runway beams o Underslung below the runway beams o Monorail hoist blocks Note: The standard does not cover special sections or proprietary track systems. BS EN 13001 Cranes – General Design  Part 1 – General Principles and Requirements  Part 2 – Load Actions  Part 3.1 – Limit States and Proof of Competence of Steel Structures  Part 3.2 (draft) – Limit States and Proof of Competence of Wire Ropes and Reeving Systems  Part 3.3 (draft) – Limit States and Competence of the Wheel/Rail Notes: ©LEEA Academy Overhead Travelling Cranes – Step Notes – Apr 2017 – v1.3 Steel Section The following materials will be explored in this unit: 1. Rolled Steel Joists 2. Universal Beams 3. Universal Columns 4. Rolled Steel Angle 5. Rolled Steel Channel 6. European Sections 7. Steel squares, flats and plates 8. Hollow sections and tubes 9. Rail sections Competent Person must be able to identify various beam sections by measurement so that design checks and calculations can be carried out if required. Rolled Steel Joists BS4: 1980  Tapered flanges  RSJ’s 5" x 3" and above are now superseded by universal beams  Better suited to supporting structures for under-slung cranes 64 o Greater thickness at the root than with other sections o Much greater strength to resist the transverse bending due to the runners  Replaced by the universal beam which is stronger, weight for weight RSJ Section Features Notes: ©LEEA Academy Overhead Travelling Cranes – Step Notes – Apr 2017 – v1.3 Universal Beams BS4: 2005 (Part 1)  Parallel flanges  Each nominal size has varying weights o Outer rolls adjusted during rolling to thicken flanges and webs for larger beam sections  Older UBs were rolled with a tapered flange of just under 3° o Important to note if friction grip bolts are used! These will not grip efficiently Universal Column  Found on some cranes but mainly used for supporting structures BS4:2005 65  Square section but can be made with very thick flanges o Suitable for high transverse stresses due to wheel loadings  More likely to be used as supporting columns in supporting structures Rolled Steel Angles  Generally used as strengthening ribs, particularly in box section crane girders  Found in service as bracings for lattice structures  Can be found in between gantry support columns as strengthening braces ©LEEA Academy Overhead Travelling Cranes – Step Notes – Apr 2017 – v1.3 Rolled Steel Channel  Used for strengthening standard beam sections  Mainly used to cap a beam which increases strength in X and Y planes  Using a capped beam (composite section) achieves spans in excess of those that can be achieved using standard universal beams European Sections  Can be used as an alternative to Universal Beams  IPE sections o DIN 1025 66 o EN 19-57 (Dimensions) o EN 10034 (Tolerances)  HE – European Wide Flange sections o HEA, HEB and HEM sections available Squares, Flats and Plates  Sometimes used as strengthening members  A cost-effective alternative to standard crane rail sections ©LEEA Academy Overhead Travelling Cranes – Step Notes – Apr 2017 – v1.3 Hollow Sections and Tubes Generally used as supports in structures. Rail Sections DIN 536-199 BS EN 13674-1 Available in a variety of sizes to suit standard crane wheels. 67 The steel sections we have looked at are available in varied grades: 1. S235 2. S275 3. S355 The grade number indicates the maximum yield strength (elastic limit) of the material. ©LEEA Academy Overhead Travelling Cranes – Step Notes – Apr 2017 – v1.3