Modern Applications of Information Systems and Technology PDF

IT2222 MODERN APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND Management Information Systems (MIS) TECHNOLOGY...

IT2222 MODERN APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND Management Information Systems (MIS) TECHNOLOGY These produce detailed and specified information to help manage a Information Systems in the Modern World company. MIS is used when TPS data are sorted and organized to support a broad range of managerial decisions. It is used primarily for In the past, when a company received an order, either for a service or inventory management and planning systems. a product, it went to a paper-based workflow passed to different departments. Throughout this process, the order is re-typed, MIS retrieves TPS information, collects it, and generates a report for increasing the potential for human error. the management level to have relevant insights on a situation. Summaries and comparisons allow senior managers to optimize the And to retrieve the order status, customers were commonly directed decision-making process to achieve better results. to contact the company’s warehouse for manual research. Most of the report formats include summaries of annual sales data, Today, companies have eliminated the risk of errors and inaccurate performance data, and historical records. It provides a systemized paper-based tracking by implementing advanced information systems. way for managers to meet targets and oversee business units. Because of a wide range of data requirements, business intelligence technology systems are used by departments to control and arrange Office Automation Systems (OAS) the data that helps unit members meet their key objectives. These support a wide range of predefined day-to-day work activities Categories of Information Systems of individuals and businesses. Such systems include word processors (Microsoft Word), spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel), presentation Here are the major categories of information systems applied in software (Microsoft PowerPoint), collaboration systems for email organizations, companies, and businesses. (Microsoft Outlook), automated calendaring, and thread discussions. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) These enable workers to accomplish tasks accordingly and allow close collaboration with others, regardless of location. These handle the day-to-day business data at the operational level of the organization. It systematically processes customer transactions to Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) generate a considerable amount of data. These will be used to learn about customers and their preferences as well as the ever-changing These help organizations to effectively capture, store, and retrieve product trends. organizational knowledge to help enhance learning and optimize collaboration efforts to complete tasks. Examples of documents A TPS is commonly applied in grocery store checkout cash registers retrieved in a KMS include employee training materials, company that connect to a network. For example, the Amazon website policies, and procedures. processes thousands of transactions worldwide every hour. The collected large amount of data is then sent into data warehouses These are used by the people involved within an organization to which will be analyzed to provide purchase suggestions to future ensure that technical abilities are integrated throughout the company customers. with visuals to help employees make sense of the data. 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 1 of 4  IT2222 Decision Support Systems (DSS) IS Hardware and Technologies These analyze data and support decision-making. DSSs are utilized Information Systems Hardware is an integral part of the Information by managerial-level employees to resolve problems such as sales Systems infrastructure and is classified into two types: input and forecasting and resource optimization, as well as to support decisions output technologies. at all levels such as loan and investment analysis. Input Technologies These are designed to be interactive decision aid that applies models to manipulate data. For example, for historical sales data, various These are used to enter data into a device such as a computer, laptop, model types are used to create a forecast of future sales. To effectively or smartphone. Some of the widely used input devices include various use this, one technique is to take an average of past sales and adjust types of keyboards or pointing devices like trackpads, graphics it for seasonal changes. tablets, and a mouse. Mobile Applications Moreover, for much-specialized input devices, biometric fingerprint readers for identity authentication and radio frequency identification (RFID) scanners for valuable inventory tracking are used. These represent a new application model in information systems. Mobile applications represent a niche application model for companies Scanners and business systems needing mobile information broadcasting and simple applications. These are used to convert printed or handwritten text and images into digital data on a computer. Scanners range from small handheld Mobile applications such as Instagram, WhatsApp, and Office Mobile devices to desktop boxes that resemble personal photocopy accomplish well-defined functions, typically on a mobile device. This machines. But rather than duplicating a copy using a photocopy information system is best for businesses whose customers are machine, the scanner translates the image into digital data that can be mainly targeted online for faster and more convenient transactions. stored and manipulated on the computer. Intelligent Systems Smart Cards One of the leading technologies in Intelligent Systems is Artificial These are used for various applications, including verification, building Intelligence (AI). AI is a science of allowing information technologies access, or making payments. These usually contain a microprocessor to simulate human intelligence, such as reasoning and learning, and chip, memory circuits, or a magnetic stripe to work. gaining sensing capabilities, such as seeing, hearing, or feeling human experiences. Some smart cards allow contactless data transmission using RFID technology and Near-Field Communication (NFC), which is used in Intelligent systems significantly impact various areas, including mobile phones to enable contactless data transmission. banking and financial management, medical, engineering, and the military. Examples include artificial intelligence systems for analyzing bank loan applications, self-driving cars, and voice assistants like Siri and Alexa. 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 2 of 4  IT2222 Biometric Devices Contemporary Application Software These are primarily used for identification and verification purposes. It Companies are actively looking for ways to automate business can read certain body features, including irises, fingerprints, and hand processes to generate bigger revenue and profitability. One way to or face measures. Biometric devices are now also integrated into achieve this is by using application software that lets users write consumer products such as laptops, computer keyboards, or mobile business letters, manage stock portfolios, and manipulate forecasts. devices, allowing users to access the device by scanning fingerprints or facial features rather than using login credentials. Here are some examples of contemporary application software categorized based on their functions. Voice Input Electronic Communication Tools Voice data is entered into a computer system using microphones. Speech recognition makes it possible for computers and smartphones This application software lets users convey verbal and written to understand speech and vocabulary. Speech recognition technology information and send files, documents, or other content such as fax, can be helpful for users with a disability, medical professionals, email, voice mail, and blogs. airplane pilots, factory workers whose hands get too dirty for keyboards, and mobile users who would prefer not to type while Examples include the following: walking or driving Microsoft Outlook is an email application that secures email, Output Technologies calendar, and files connected in one application. Viber – a private and fun messaging and calling application that Output technologies, such as computer monitors or printers, deliver can connect people worldwide. information in a usable format and act on the processed input data. Discord – a free voice, video, and messaging application used to talk and hang out with their communities, such as gaming. Printers Electronic Conferencing Tools These output devices produce a copy of alphanumeric data or documents from a computer. Printers vary in price, performance, and These tools allow information sharing and engaging user interactions, capabilities, such as document size, colored or black and white, such as internet forums and video conferencing. resolution, and quality. Most used personal printers include Inkjet, LED, and laser technology. Examples include the following: Monitors Microsoft Teams – allow users to call with up to 1000 members, with the ability to share screens and record calls. These are used to display information from a computer which can vary Zoom – used for audio and video conferencing, webinars, depending on the price, performance, and capabilities. Monitors can meeting recordings, and livestreams. be in color, black and white, or monochrome. Most modern monitors Google Meet – the business-oriented version of Google's use liquid crystal display (LCD) technology as they are lighter and Hangouts platform is suitable for businesses of all sizes. thinner than cathode ray tubes (CRT) used in old computer displays and televisions. 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 3 of 4  IT2222 Collaboration Management Tools These are tools that facilitate virtual or co-located meetings and manage group activities. Examples include the following: Google Docs – allows users to create joint proposals and reports and keep track of meeting notes using a web browser Microsoft Office Online – a free version of Office 365 as a web application that includes MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, etc., all accessible via a web browser. Microsoft SharePoint – a simple sharing and collaboration application that centers on teamwork with dynamic and productive team sites for every project team and department. References: Christiansen, L. (2021). The 6 main types of information systems. [Web Article]. Retrieved on July 7, 2022, from https://altametrics.com/en/information-systems/information- system-types.html The University of Scranton (2022). The role of information systems in running the 21st century organization [Web Article]. Retrieved on July 7, 2022, from https://elearning.scranton.edu/resources/article/the-role-of- information-systems-in-increasing-productivity/ Valacich, J. (2022). Information systems today: Managing in the digital world. Pearson. 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 4 of 4