01- Medical Ethics (26 PAGES).pdf

DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFÁRIK UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE MEDICAL ETHICS Questions for the computer test 1L005 Ethical theory which proclaims that the morality of action depends on the nature of the action is a/ virtue b/ applied ethics c/ professional ethics d/ deontolog...

DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE PAVOL JOZEF ŠAFÁRIK UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF MEDICINE MEDICAL ETHICS Questions for the computer test 1L005 Ethical theory which proclaims that the morality of action depends on the nature of the action is a/ virtue b/ applied ethics c/ professional ethics d/ deontology INSTRUCTIONS: Only one answer is correct! Choose A, B, C or D (a, b, c, d) on the keyboard, then click ENTER. Use the BACKSPACE key for changing the letter of your answer. The time assigned for one question is 90 second (1,5 min). The result of the test is automatically displayed after the last question. 1L006 Four main areas of ethics are 1L001 Ethics is a 1L007 Descriptive ethics a/ psychological science b/ study of morality c/ science about behavior and reflexes of an individual d/ synonym of "etiquette" a/ describes legal regulations b/ deals only with ethical dilemmas in biology c/ deals only with ethical dilemmas in psychiatry d/ observes, describes and explains the behavior of people 1L002 Study of morality means 1L008 Normative ethics a/ analysis of interaction between two persons b/ careful and systematic reflection on and analysis of moral decisions c/ study of law and government regulations d/ investigation of literature in medicine a/ sets principles of human brain functioning b/ determines what is right and what is wrong c/ establishes standards of psychiatric patient behavior d/ describes the rules and principles of etiquette 1L003 Value dimension of human decision-making and behavior is called 1L009 Applied ethics does NOT include a/ moral philosophy b/ psychology c/ morality d/ analytic ethics a/ normative ethics b/ social ethics c/ professional ethics d/ bioethics 1L004 Ethical theories – find one INCORRECT 1L010 Global ethics is a/ deontology b/ global ethics c/ utilitarianism d/ virtue a/ the same as environmental ethics b/ a new vision of a global transformation of ethical awareness c/ a new method of global warming investigation d/ a science of global economy advantages a/ descriptive, normative, analytic, applied b/ proscriptive, prescriptive, inscriptive, normative c/ professional, medical, psychological, biomedical d/ analytic, normative, taxative, informative 1L011 Principles of global ethics include 1L017 Factors, which contributed in the development of bioethics include a/ no peace among the nations without rising economy b/ no survival of our Globe without global religion c/ no peace among the nations without peace among the religions d/ the differences between nations are ethically inacceptable a/ dualism in moral philosophy b/ socialist revolution in France c/ progress of medical technologies d/ Darwinian dilemma 1L012 Principles of global ethics include 1L018 Factors, which contributed in the development of bioethics include a/ no dialogue between the religions without global ethical standards b/ no peace among the nations without political concurrence c/ no mankind survival without a global religion d/ no survival of our Globe without global economy a/ bioethical issues in forensic medicine b/ industrial revolution in England c/ new ethical dilemmas in medical practice d/ abundance of resources 1L013 Who was the founder of global ethics principle? 1L019 Factors, which contributed in the development of bioethics include a/ Hippocrates b/ prof. Dr. Hans Kung c/ mons. Mario Giordana d/ Barack Obama a/ industrial revolution in Europe b/ dualism in moral philosophy c/ development of new microscopy methods d/ shortage of resources 1L014 Bioethics is 1L020 Global bioethics is calling for a/ study of processes in the wild b/ philosophical science on ethics in biology c/ philosophical science on principle of doing good for humans and the whole nature d/ the same as environmental ethics a/ the merging of bioethics and business ethics b/ the merging of environmental ethics and medical ethics c/ the cooperation of government and religion d/ the increasement of the environmental awareness 1L015 Three main sub-disciplines of bioethics are 1L021 Who was the founder of global bioethics? a/ medical, social, environmental b/ descriptive, normative, analytic c/ medical, animal, environmental d/ animal, human, natural a/ H. Kung b/ M. L. King c/ Hippocrates d/ V. R. Potter 1L016 Factors, which contributed in the development of bioethics include 1L022 What is the basic rule of ethics? a/ changes in general opinion on morals b/ industrial revolution in Europe c/ development of new microscopy methods d/ ethical dilemmas of medical education a/ Recite an obligatory prayer each day. b/ Moral standards are given by God. c/ Treat others as you would want to be treated in their place. d/ We get to do all of the things, that makes God happy. 1L023 Medical ethics is a 1L029 Principle of autonomy – find the CORRECT definition a) professional ethics for physicians only b) medical science on psychology of hospital staff c) professional ethics that arises from aims, modes and results of health care d) descriptive ethics used in psychiatry a/ to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person b/ to respect patients' wishes c/ no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion d/ to act so as to do no harm 1L024 Goals of medical ethics include 1L030 Principle of justice – find the CORRECT definition a/ advancement of medicine b/ dehumanization of interpersonal relationships c/ effort to satisfy therapeutic, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual and other needs of patient d/ establishment of legal regulations in health care a/ to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person b/ to respect patients' wishes c/ no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion d/ to act so as to do no harm 1L031 Find the INCORRECT sentence 1L025 Why does medical ethics differ from one country to another? a/ due to language differences b/ due to a different level of advancement of medical technologies c/ due to the same legal normatives in the health policy d/ due to activities of political representatives towards the medical sciences a/ medical ethics has 4 + 1 basic principles b/ basic ethical principles are: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, justice, informed consent c/ the informed consent is not an ethical requirement d/ nonmaleficence is a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health 1L026 Medical ethics has 1L032 Dimensions of every human being are a/ 3+1 basic principles b/ 4+1 basic principles c/ 6 basic principles d/ 8 basic principles a/ biological, mental, social, spiritual b/ biological and psychological c/ physical, mental, social d/ natural and artificial 1L027 Principles of beneficence – find the CORRECT definition 1L033 Health is defined as a/ to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person b/ to respect patients' wishes c/ no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion d/ a requirement for exclusion of any damage of health a/ a state of physical well-being b/ a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being c/ a state of complete self realization d/ an absence of a disease or invalidity 1L028 Principle of nonmaleficence – find the CORRECT definition 1L034 Basic postulates about health by WHO – find one INCORRECT a/ to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person b/ to respect patients' wishes c/ no discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion d/ to act so as to do no harm a/ health is one of the most important needs of every human being b/ every person has a right to decide about their health c/ every human being is personally responsible for his/her health d/ every person must try to strengthen their health 1L035 New philosophy of health care is focused on 1S001 UPJŠ Code of student conduct represents a/ prevention b/ treatment c/ diagnosis d/ sick person a/ responsibilities and rights of students b/ ethical requirements regarding clinical teaching of students c/ ethical requirements regarding student conduct d/ the rights of students 1L036 The World Medical Association's (WMA's) first task was 1S002 How many articles does Code of student conduct has? a/ to ensure the independence of patients b/ to ensure the independence of physicians c/ to update the Hippocratic Oath for modern use d/ to achieve the highest standards of ethical behavior in medical care a/ 5 b/ 14 c/ 6 d/ 3 1L037 The World Medical Association's (WMA's) second task was 1S003 Article 3 of Code of student conduct represents a/ to adopt the Declaration of Helsinki (1997-2000) b/ to develop the International Code of Medical Ethics c/ to ensure more salaries for the physicians d/ to achieve the highest standards of ethical behavior in medical care a/ relationship of students to study b/ sanctions c/ relationship of students to other students d/ relationship of students to teachers and other staff 1L038 The World Medical Association's (WMA's) third task was 1S004 Find one statement that doesn’t belong to article 2 of Code of student conduct a/ to adopt the Declaration of Helsinki b/ to ensure the independence of physicians c/ to update the Hippocratic Oath for modern use d/ to achieve the highest standards of ethical behavior in medical care a/ students shall take a professional attitude to their study and their study requirements b/ students should dress decently, in accordance with good manners and appropriate for individual events held under the auspices of the University c/ students are to have a positive attitude to the property of the University and the faculty d/ students are to strive for their ongoing professional advancement and development of their professional skills 1L039 The purpose of teaching medical ethics is to train future physicians a/ to identify and resolve ethical issues in accordance with law b/ to identify and resolve ethical issues in accordance with utilitaristic theory c/ to work mostly with ethical principles in the medical practice d/ to resolve ethical issues in accordance with their duties and obligations as health care providers 1S005 Code of student conduct was established in a/ 1998 b/ 2014 c/ 2016 d/ 2005 1L040 WMA Declaration on the Rights of the Patient (2005) states that 1S006 Any breach of Code of student conduct will be investigated by a/ euthanasia is a legal part of medical care b/ the physician should always act according to his/her conscience and always in the best interests of the patient c/ the physician doesn't have to respect patient's autonomy d/ no dialogue between the religions without global ethical standards a/ Ethics Committee President b/ Dean of the faculty c/ Academic Senate d/ Rector of the University 1S007 What does the article 1 states about students’ relationships to the University? 1S013 Hippocratic medicine was practiced by a/ students shall take a responsible approach to their study b/ students reject any form of corruption c/ students shall take a professional attitude to their study and their study requirements d/ students are to have a positive attitude to the property of the University and the faculty a/ a group of professional physicians bound by a strict ethical code b/ a group of pathologists in the same location c/ a group of students without a teacher d/ all citizens of Kos, Ancient Greece 1S008 UPJŠ Code of student conduct was signed by 1S014 After taking the Hippocratic Oath the graduate student has a right a/ Ethics Committee President b/ Rector and Academic Senate President c/ Rector and Ethics Committee President d/ Rector and Dean of each faculty a/ to become a professor assistant b/ to treat the patients c/ to prepare drugs independently d/ to perform an autopsy 1S009 Hippocrates was 1S015 Corpus Hippocraticum is a/ a Greek philosopher who is regarded as a founder of dialectics b/ a God of death and post-mortem decomposition c/ a Greek physician who is regarded as a founder of medical ethics d/ a physician from Ancient Roma who is regarded as a founder of medical law a/ work of Phytagoreans b/ collection of rules on ethics as a guide to conduct by medical profession c/ collection of files representing the foundation of medical profession d/ collection of songs written by Hippocrates 1S010 Hippocrates lived 1S016 What is considered to be the symbol of medicine? a/ B.C.E. (before the Christian Era) in Ancient Roma b/ in the 5th century of C.E. (Christian Era) in Ancient Roma c/ B.C.E. (before the Christian Era) in Ancient Greece d/ in the 5th century of C.E. (Christian Era) in Ancient Greece a/ sculpture of Asclepious b/ snake on a stick c/ two snakes around winged staff d/ staff of Panacea 1S011 The Hippocrates's concept of medicine declares 1S017 What is the main principle of Hippocratic Oath? a/ the Oath of the doctor to Gods (Hypnos and Thanatos) b/ interests of health care are dependent upon government policy c/ interests of patients are above the interests of physicians d/ a public promise to pray to Gods regularly a/ informed consent of the patient b/ holy respect regarding life c/ respect to Gods d/ paternalism 1S012 Hippocrates was 1S018 The Oath of Hippocrates represents a/ the founder of Hippocratic University of Medicine b/ the founder of Hippocratic School of Medicine c/ the founder of medical statistics algorithms d/ the famous Greek pathologist a/ rules on morality as a guide to conduct by medical profession b/ rules on ethics as a guide to conduct by medical profession c/ collection of files, which became the foundation for medical profession d/ collection of ethical and legal principles of medical profession 1S019 Who is the God of medicine in Greek mythology? 1S025 Ethical requirements for medical profession - find one INCORRECT a/ Hippocrates b/ Apollo c/ Asclepious d/ Zeus a/ corporeal fund b/ mental hygiene c/ unfairness d/ responsibility 1S020 Principle of Hippocratic Oath - find one CORRECT 1S026 Ethical requirements for medical profession - find one CORRECT a/ benefit of the sick person b/ informed consent of the patient c/ principle of Global ethics d/ self-determination of the patient and physician a/ intolerance b/ solidarity (with patients and relatives) c/ paternalism d/ antipathy 1S021 What is INCORRECT about Hippocratic Oath? 1S027 What is self-confidence in relation to a medical staff? a/ the oath approves termination of pregnancy b/ the doctor swears for the benefit of the sick person c/ obligatory reticence d/ the teacher is esteemed, honored, respected a/ sufficient salary b/ competence to the medical rank c/ sympathetic, pleasant behavior d/ the same as self-sacrificing 1S022 What is INCORRECT about Hippocratic Oath? 1S028 What is conscience of a physician? a/ the oath approves termination of pregnancy b/ the doctor swears for the benefit of the sick person c/ obligatory reticence d/ the teacher is esteemed, honored, respected a/ the competence to the medical rank and scientific research b/ sympathetic, pleasant behavior without discrimination c/ the inborn basis-coded demand of the protection of life and health developed lifelong d/ the proper communication with patients, relatives and colleagues 1S023 What is NOT an ethical requirement for medical profession? 1S029 Some of the rank virtues of the physician are a/ physical and mental health b/ empathy c/ paternalism d/ responsibility a/ spotlessness, rank honor, honesty, diligence, willingness b/ apathy, carelessness, corruption, cruelty, ingratitude c/ forbearance, broadmindedness, kindness, patience, rudeness d/ selfishness, self gratification, irresponsibility, laziness 1S024 Nowadays Physician's pledge was established by 1S030 How many parts does the Ethical code for health care providers in Slovakia has? a/ Nuremberg Code b/ Code of Student Conduct c/ World Health Organization d/ WMA Declaration of Geneva a/ 6 b/ 8 c/ 3 d/ 5 1S031 WMA International Code of Medical Ethics was established in 2L004 Declaration of Helsinki - find the INCORRECT answer a/ 1995 b/ 1949 c/ 2001 d/ 1988 a/ contains recommendations on Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects b/ developed in 1964 c/ established by the World Medical Association d/ intended to prevent the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes 1S032 WMA International Code of Medical Ethics does NOT include 2L005 Who is considered to be a patient? a/ duties of physicians in general b/ duties of physicians to patients c/ duties of physicians to insurance companies d/ duties of physicians colleagues a/ only a sick person b/ user of health care services, whether healthy or sick c/ person who is paying for health care services d/ person in a need of urgent health care 1S033 Universally used curriculum for teaching medical ethics is called 2L006 Patients' rights - find the CORRECT answer a/ Medical Ethics Manual b/ Corpus Hippocraticum c/ International Code of Medical Ethics d/ Code of Student Conduct a/ children's rights are inferior to the rights of adults b/ everyone has the right to respect of his or her person as a human being c/ everyone has the right to receive the same basal health care d/ everyone has the duty to pay for health care procedures 2L001 The Nuremberg Code 2L007 Patients' rights - find the INCORRECT answer a/ refers to the legalization of experiments on humans without their consent b/ was developed in 1947 c/ was developed in 1957 d/ was developed immediately after the First World War a/ everyone has the right to respect his or her privacy b/ everyone has the right to respect of his or her person as a human being c/ everyone has the right to receive the treatment that they ask for d/ the informed consent of the patient is a prerequisite for any medical intervention 2L002 The Nuremberg Code - find the INCORRECT answer 2L008 Patients' rights - consent - find the CORRECT answer a/ refers to the prohibition of experiments on humans without their consent b/ was developed in 1947 c/ was signed by J. F. Kennedy (USA) d/ was influenced by Nazi Germany experiments on humans a/ consent of the patient is not required for preventive procedure b/ the informed consent is a prerequisite for hospitalization c/ the informed consent of the patient is a prerequisite for any medical intervention d/ consent is not included in patients' rights 2L003 Declaration of Helsinki (WMA) 2L009 Patients' rights - confidentiality and privacy - find the CORRECT answer a/ contains recommendations on Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects b/ was developed in 1957 c/ was signed by J. Stalin (USSR) d/ was influenced by Japan experiments on humans in China a/ patients don't have right to access their medical record b/ the confidentiality of a patient is given by the Nuremberg Code c/ all information about a patient's health status must be kept confidential, even after death d/ patients have to get medical care in private hospitals 2L010 What is NOT one of the main documents concerning patients' rights? 2L016 Patients' rights - find the CORRECT answer a/ Declaration on the Promotion of Patients' Rights b/ Hospitalized Patients' Charter c/ Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine d/ National documents of Patients' Rights a/ everyone has the right to physical and mental integrity and to the security of his or her person b/ the doctor has the duty to respect all decisions of the psychiatric patient c/ the doctor must treat the patient according his or her social status d/ the health care must be under supervision of the Health Insurance Service 2L011 The Declaration of Geneva (World Medical Association) 2L017 Which is CORRECT about patient's rights concerning informed consent? a/ is a revision of three main principles of Medical Ethics b/ is a modern equivalent of Hippocratic Oath c/ intended to prevent the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes d/ was adopted in 1988 2L012 What is the Declaration of Oslo (WMA, 1970) about? a/ preventing the abuse of psychiatry for political purposes b/ therapeutic termination of pregnancy c/ ethics in resuscitation and intensive medicine d/ ethical principles for research on animals 2L013 The Declaration on the Promotion of Patients' Rights in Europe (WHO, Amsterdam) was developed in a/ 1947 b/ 1967 c/ 1994 d/ 2008 2L014 The history of patients' rights began in 1948 with a/ Universal Declaration of Human Rights b/ World Declaration of Patients` Rights c/ Rules "nihil nocere" for physicians d/ Medical Law on Patients' Rights 2L015 Patients' rights - find the CORRECT answer a/ everyone has the right to treat himself/herself only b/ everyone has the right for respecting his or her privacy c/ the doctor must treat the patient according to his or her social status d/ the health care must be under supervision of the Health Insurance Service a/ everyone has the right to physical and mental integrity and to the informed consent of a doctor to treat the patient b/ the doctor has the duty to change the informed consent of the patient c/ the informed consent of the patient is a prerequisite for any medical intervention d/ the informed consent must be under supervision of the State Health Insurance Company 2L018 One of the supporting documents in the development of patients' rights is a/ Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights(UNESCO, 1997) b/ The Declaration of Hawaii (World Psychiatric Association, 1983) c/ The Declaration of Helsinki (WMA, 1964) d/ The Declaration of Oslo (WMA, 1970) 2L019 Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) declares that a/ the interests and welfare of the human being shall prevail over the sole interest of society or science b/ the patient cannot freely withdraw consent at any time c/ everyone has the right for the respect of privacy in relation to the interests of Government d/ any form of discrimination against a person on grounds of his or her genetic heritage is accepted 2L020 Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) declares that a/ the interests and welfare of the human being must consider the interest of society or science b/ the patient cannot freely withdraw consent at any time c/ everyone has the right for the respect of privacy in relation to the interests of Government d/ any form of discrimination against a person on grounds of his or her genetic heritage is prohibited 2L021 Find the INCORRECT statement in the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) a/ any intervention in the health field, including research, must be carried out in accordance with relevant professional obligation and standards b/ an intervention in the health field may only be carried out after the person concerned has given free and informed consent to it. c/ where a minor does not have the capacity to consent to an intervention, the intervention has to be carried out d/ everyone has the right for the respect of privacy in relation to the information on his/her health 2L022 Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) establishes a/ protection of persons undergoing research b/ protection of laboratory animals c/ the using of embryos in vitro for the reproductive cloning d/ acceptance of financial gain and disposal of a part of the human body 2L023 Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (Oviedo, 1997) declares a/ protection of laboratory animals using for transplantation b/ protection of persons not able to consent to organ removal c/ the using of embryos in vitro for the reproductive cloning d/ acceptance of financial gain for transplanted organ 2L024 Serious mental illness (SMI) is defined as a/ all cases of schizophrenia b/ all cases of depression c/ all cases of anorexia nervosa d/ post-traumatic stress disorder after brain concussion 2L025 Steps for making mental health services more effective include a/ making mental health services more expensive b/ establishment of special prison camps for patients c/ requirement of parental approval for children's treatment d/ engaging persons with mental illness into the process of hospital managing 2L026 Find the INCORRECT answer - Protection of persons with mental illness includes a/ making mental health services more effective b/ establishing safeguarded outpatient commitment c/ requiring the approval of hospital manager for children's treatment d/ engaging persons with mental illness into the process of Health Care 2L027 Health Care Surveillance Authority in Slovakia started working on a/ 01.09.2000 b/ 01.11.2004 c/ 01.01.2005 d/ 15.01.2005 2L028 Find one INCORRECT statement about HCSA in Slovakia a/ it acts as a national contact point b/ its mission is to perform surveillance over provision of health care c/ it acts under the authority of the Government of Slovak Republic d/ its aim is the satisfaction of a patient 2L029 What is NOT one of the roles of HCSA in Slovakia a/ administration of central register of insured persons b/ supervision and assessment of ethical behavior of health care providers c/ supervision of health care insurance d/ assignment of numerical codes to health care providers and health care professionals 2L035 Suggestion for the assessment of the provided health care a/ needs to be submitted on HCSA‘s registered office in Bratislava b/ needs to be in a written form c/ doesn't need to contain the name of the submitter d/ can only be submitted until 10 days since the health care was provided 2S001 Ethical principle of human dignity is a/ to always put beneficence above other ethical principles b/ maximum satisfaction of eligible human needs c/ applying the authority of human being depending on power and wealth d/ obligation of the doctor to treat the patient as equal 2S002 What is NOT true about paternalistic model of doctor - patient relationship? 2S008 What is INCORRECT about informed consent? a/ merciful lie is considered to be ethical b/ emphasizes patient's autonomy and responsibility for treatment c/ relatives were given full information about patient's health condition d/ doctor holds a dominant position a/ the consent of mentally incompetent persons is given by their legal representatives b/ by a patient in a life threatening state - his/her consent is expected c/ one of the main tasks by informed consent is to gain the patient's active cooperation d/ the physicians do not need consent of mentally incompetent persons 2S003 Paternalism failed due to 2S009 One of the main tasks of the physician in acquiring the informed consent is a/ increase of education and awareness in health care b/ development of new diagnostic methods c/ decrease of chronic and oncological diseases d/ healthy lifestyle a/ to discharge the patient out of hospital b/ to indicate a cosmetic surgery operation c/ to gain the patient's active cooperation d/ to achieve the agreement for transplantation 2S004 Non-paternalistic model of doctor – patient relationship 2S010 What is a CORRECT statement about informed consent a/ allows withholding of information from a patient b/ is understood as partnership c/ means understanding of health care as a provision of services d/ means that patient holds the dominant position a/ the patient has a right to refuse or halt a medical intervention at any time, after previous agreement b/ the informed consent of the patient is not needed for participation in clinical teaching c/ when the consent of a legal representative is required, patient doesn't need to be involved in the decision-making process d/ if a legal representative refuses to give consent, the doctor is always obliged to respect this decision 2S005 New proposed model of doctor – patient relationship is a/ informative model b/ non-paternalistic model c/ contract with the patient d/ paternalistic model 2S006 What is informed consent? a/ requirement for exclusion of any, intentional or non-intentional, damage of health b/ the positive discrimination of patients by gender, race, religion c/ the permission of the mentally competent patient to medical care on the basis of instructions and explanations of the doctor d/ the requirement to do maximal good for the welfare of an ill or healthy person 2S007 The consent of mentally incompetent person is given a/ by legal representatives/guardians b/ by the doctor-examiner c/ by court d/ by medical ethical committee 2S011 What is INCORRECT about informed consent a/ it should be acquired in a written form b/ informed consent is one of the 6 main principles of medical ethics c/ in case of mentally incompetent patient, consent is given by legal representative d/ one of the problems of informed consent is sufficiency of mental capacity of the patient 2S012 What is NOT considered to be one of the goals of medical ethics? a/ to provide effort to satisfy therapeutic, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual and other needs of patient in an appropriate way b/ humanization of interpersonal relationships c/ to set moral values for health care providers d/ guidance in actions and dealings during provision of health care 2S013 Dilemmatic situation which is NOT IN RELATION with basic ethical principles (e.g. beneficence vs. autonomy) a/ the patient wants to undergo surgical operation b/ the patient refused a life saving treatment and subsequently fell into a coma c/ the patient refuses an autopsy after death d/ the patient asks the doctor for euthanasia 2S019 Forms of previously expressed wishes – find the INCORRECT answer a/ living will b/ medical directive c/ negative reverse d/ advance directive 2S014 What does NOT belong to the problems of informed consent? 3L001 Find the INCORRECT statement: The role of ethics in biomedical research is evident due to a/ mentally incompetent persons b/ physical health condition of the patient c/ patients in a life-threatening situations d/ sufficiency of mental capacity of the patients a/ emergence of new powerful biotechnology developments b/ elaboration of international regulations in the area of biomedical research c/ safeguarding the integrity and dignity of human subjects involved in research studies d/ establishment of committees on agriculture 2S015 Choose one situation where the physician doesn't need the informed consent at all 3L002 Biomedical research - find the INCORRECT answer a/ mentally ill person who is danger to themselves or others b/ the patient is conscious and requires immediate care c/ the patient doesn't speak the same language d/ the patient is a child a/ is classified as clinical and non-clinical b/ clinical is undertaken together with patient care c/ non-clinical = non-therapeutic d/ non-clinical has direct benefit for the subject involved 3L003 Clinical (therapeutic) research 2S016 One of the main tasks of the physician by informed consent is a/ to discharge the patient out of hospital b/ to indicate a cosmetic surgery operation c/ to gain the patient's active cooperation d/ to achieve the agreement for transplantation a/ is undertaken together with patient care b/ has no benefit for the subject involved c/ is performed without informed consent of the patient d/ is performed without reviewing by ethical committees 3L004 Non-clinical (non-therapeutic) research 2S017 What is CORRECT about negative reverse a/ it is the same as the informed consent b/ it doesn't need to be in written form c/ patient's signature is always needed d/ it is a refusal to give consent for medical service a/ is undertaken together with patient care b/ has no benefit for the subject involved c/ is performed without informed consent of the patient d/ is performed without reviewing by ethical committees 3L005 Two basic methods of research are 2S018 The aspect of previously expressed wishes of the patient is contained in a/ WMA Declaration of Geneva b/ Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine c/ informed consent d/ Nuremberg Code a/ sampling and observation b/ clinical and non-clinical c/ observation and experiment d/ separation and merging 3L006 What are the basic ethical requirements of biomedical research 3L012 What is a laboratory animal? a/ independent results, risk maximizing b/ social significance, qualification, necessity, informed consent c/ international biomedical research only, medical faculties only d/ no responsibility for potential loss, paternalism a/ every animal living in a laboratory b/ small animal in a laboratory cage c/ animal bred specifically to be used in experiment d/ animal using the laboratory food 3L007 The first experiments on animals were described 3L013 Improved laboratory animals used at the turn of 19th century were a/ in Corpus Hippocraticum b/ by Galen c/ by Vesalius d/ by Harvey a/ AB - artificially bred animals b/ GF - germ free animals c/ NB - naturally bred animals d/ SP - special pathogenic animals 3L008 The first activities against animal experimentation happened 3L014 What are non-desirable tests on animals? a/ in the 19th century in England and France b/ in the 20th century in USA c/ in the 19th century in Russia d/ in the 20th century in England and France a/ tests using modern equipment b/ tests or experiments for publicity c/ tests without needless repetition d/ tests according the experimental protocol and guidelines 3L009 The first document in USA (1985) for cats and dogs protection is called 3L015 Non-desirable tests on animals are a/ "Animal Freedom Act" b/ "Animal Protection Bill" c/ "Cruelty to Animals Law" d/ "Animal Welfare Act" a) accompanied with cruelty, torture and bad conditions b) not cruel c) not for publicity d) the new tests which have not been done by another scientists 3L010 The first Law on animal protection established in UK (1876) is called 3L016 The aim of research involving animals should be - find the INCORRECT answer a/ "Animal Freedom Law" b/ "Cruelty to Animals Act" c/ "Animal Protection Bill" d/ "Animal vs. Human Law" a/ scientific b/ in immediate connection with the human life or health c/ performed without absolute exclusion of torture d/ performed with minimal possible number of animals 3L011 What is animal experimentation? 3L017 Animal experiments - find the CORRECT option a/ every use of animals in medicine b/ the cruel scientific experimentation on animals c/ every use of animals for scientific purposes d/ use of chemical substances (poisons) on animals a/ penicillin is harmless for guinea-pigs b/ arsenic is a fatal poison for sheep c/ thalidomide is harmless for human subjects d/ toadstool is harmless for rabbits 3L018 What animal has similar common metabolism to humans? 3L024 What is NOT one of the principles of "four Rs" in animal experimentation? a/ mouse b/ rat c/ pig d/ dog a/ reduction b/ refinement c/ responsibility d/ revision of results 3L019 What animal has similar liver structure to humans? 3L025 The European document related to the experiments on animals signed in Amsterdam in 1997 is called a/ mouse b/ rat c/ pig d/ dog a) European Declaration of Animals Rights b) Animal Freedom Declaration c) Protocol on protection and welfare of animals d) European Animal Experimental Guidelines 3L020 What animal has similar spleen and pancreas structure to humans? a/ mouse b/ rat c/ pig d/ dog 3L026 Who is the animal experimentation supervisor in Slovakia according to the Act No. 377/2012 Coll.? a/ veterinary physician (MVDr.) b/ medical doctor (MUDr.) c/ member of the ethics committee d/ Ministry of health employee 3L021 What is NOT one of the 5 basic principles of laboratory animal freedom a/ freedom from hunger and thirst b/ freedom from safety c/ freedom from fear and distress d/ freedom from discomfort 3L027 Criterion for the selection of experimental animal is a/ special requirements to the personnel b/ the forecast and global climate changes c/ the aim of the experiment d/ psychiatric requirements for the animals 3L022 What is NOT one of the environmental conditions for laboratory animals a/ convenience b/ safety c/ hygiene d/ continual light 3L028 What is NOT one of the criterion for the selection of the experimental animal a/ the aim of the experiment b/ the specification of holding for the particular species c/ the number of animals living in the wild d/ genetic / immunobiological requirements 3L023 The principle of "four Rs" (RRRR) in animal experimentation is a/ reduction, refinement, replacement, rendering b/ reduction, refinement, replacement, responsibility c/ randomness, range, reduction, returning d/ rapidness, rating, replacement, responsibility 3L029 Ethics Committees are established on three levels a/ local, national, international b/ local, regional, nationwide c/ medical, legal, civil d/ worldwide, national, regional 3L030 Number of Ethics Committee members must be 3S004 Find the INCORRECT sentence in the EACH Charter a/ even b/ 5 c/ odd d/ not less than 7 a/ children should be admitted to a hospital only, if the required care cannot be granted at home b/ children and parents have the right to be informed c/ children should be nursed together with adults d/ the hospital staff should ensure the continuity of health care 3L031 What does NOT belong to the breaches of publication ethics? 3S005 The main emotion of the child regarding illness and it's treatment is a/ plagiarism b/ redundant publication c/ falsification of data d/ fair reporting a/ loneliness b/ the fear of pain c/ the fear of doctors d/ the pain itself 3L032 Ethics Committees in biomedical research 3S006 One of the ethical issues in pediatrics is a/ perform the research independently b/ serve as review bodies of proposed research projects c/ prevent global catastrophic consequences of climate changes d/ provide tests for absence of chronic diseases in human patients a/ accommodation for parents b/ hospital environment c/ child perceived as an object d/ autonomy of parents 3S001 The first international consensus on the fundamental principles of children's rights was S3007 What is NOT one the ethical problems in pediatrics? a/ The European Association for Children in Hospital (EACH) Charter (1988) b/ Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) c/ Charter of hospitalized children UNICEF d/ Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959) a/ specific physiological, social and legal differences b/ dependency on others (parents) c/ child perceived as a subject d/ sensitivity and vulnerability of the child 3S002 The European Association for Children in Hospital (EACH) Charter was developed in 3S008 Interaction doctor – child – parent a/ 1947 b/ 1955 c/ 1988 d/ 2003 a/ doctor should value the opinion of the parent above that of the child b/ the child should be equivalent participant in the conversation c/ doctor needs to focus only on the child d/ the child needs to be excluded from the conversation about his/her health care 3S009 In presenting adverse information about child's health to parents it's important to 3S003 Find the CORRECT sentence in the EACH Charter a/ children should be admitted to a hospital only, if the required care cannot be granted at home b/ children in hospital cannot have their parents constantly with them c/ children should be nursed together with adults d/ the hospital staff should not ensure the continuity of health care a/ do so in open spaces b/ not let the moment of silence prevail c/ not let anyone else be present during the conversation d/ provide the information to both parents at once 3S010 What is INCORRECT about the situation when parents are angry, accusatory and aggressive? a/ preferable is presence of another doctor b/ doctor should deal with this situation in private c/ let the parents speak, respond in the calm voice d/ in an unmanageable affect it’s better to end the conversation 3S016 What is NOT an indicator of Münchhausen syndrome by proxy? a/ symptoms are only reported by the parent b/ parents are usually medically knowledgeable c/ parents are very involved with their child d/ symptoms usually correlate with laboratory results 3S017 What does UNICEF mean? 3S011 What is CORRECT about interaction with siblings of the child patient? a/ do not inform them about their sibling’s death b/ before the visit they need to be informed about their sibling’s illness c/ do not allow them to leave the hospital room once they decided to enter d/ they should not accompany the parents at visits to their sick sibling a/ United Institutional Centre for Economy and Finances b/ University of Central Emergency Facilitation c/ United Nations Children's Emergency Fund d/ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 4L001 What is thanatology? 3S012 The main request for pediatric health care is a/ to make the child understand the pain as a part of the disease b/ prevention of permanent damage to child's health c/ prevention and suppression of the pain d/ suppression of the fear of pain a/ philosophical science on morals b/ an interdisciplinary field of medicine dealing with processes of death and dying c/ field of medicine dealing with problems of terminal illness and terminal care d/ field of medicine dealing with psychical phases of dying 4L002 How many basic problems of thanatology do you know? 3S013 What is an INCORRECT statement about involving children in biomedical research? a/ children can be subjects of therapeutic or non-therapeutic research b/ research that can be made on adults, cannot be made on children c/ research must follow international regulations for the area of biomedical research d/ research done on a child must have the benefit for children in general a/ 3 basic problems b/ 4 basic problems c/ 5 basic problems d/ 6 basic problems 4L003 Three basic problems of thanatology - find the INCORRECT answer 3S014 What are the main disciplines dealing with child abuse and neglect syndrome? a/ pediatrics, traumatology and forensic medicine b/ pediatrics and bioethics c/ pediatrics, social and forensic medicine d/ social medicine and medical law a/ determination of the moment of death b/ identification of terminal phase of disease c/ post-mortem changes and injuries d/ ethical problems connected with death and dying process 4L004 Ethical problems concerning death and dying process and terminal care - find the INCORRECT answer 3S015 Münchhausen syndrome by proxy is a/ usually affecting the father of the child b/ one of the forms of child abuse and neglect syndrome c/ psychological disease of the child d/ mental illness and a form of extended child abuse a/ the problem of prolongation of life through new technology b/ the right of a man to freedom from pain c/ the problem of isolation and loneliness of dying patients in hospitals d/ the problem of personal treatment 4L005 Euthanasia - find the CORRECT answer 4L010 Euthanasia in Europe is NOT legal in a/ activity sometimes leading to death b/ activity or inactivity leading to death carried out with the intention to cause death or accelerate its coming c/ discontinuing of extraordinary life-sustaining measures done with the intention to alleviate the suffering of the terminally ill patient d/ activity leading to death done without agreement of patient or his/her surrogate a/ Belgium b/ Netherlands c/ Luxembourg d/ Slovakia 4L011 What is NOT one of the types of euthanasia? 4L006 What is active euthanasia? a/ direct killing of the patient on his or her demand b/ discontinuing the care with life-sustaining measures with the intention of causing death or accelerate it c/ discontinuing of extraordinary life-sustaining measures done with the intention to alleviate the suffering of the terminally ill patient d/ inactivity leading to death 4L007 What is passive euthanasia? a/ called also assisted suicide b/ direct killing of the patient on his or her demand c/ discontinuing the care of life-sustaining measures with the intention of causing death or accelerate death d/ same as non-voluntary euthanasia 4L008 Euthanasia in Europe is forbidden except in a/ Slovakia b/ Italy c/ Greece d/ Belgium 4L009 Euthanasia in Europe is forbidden except in a/ Estonia b/ Russia c/ Netherlands d/ Spain a/ voluntary b/ non-voluntary c/ involuntary d/ selected 4L012 The legalization of euthanasia a/ would bring better quality of life b/ would have no effect on the basic patient - doctor relationship c/ could irreversibly damage the basic patient - doctor relationship d/ is not an ethical problem 4L013 Why is the doctor required to be present during the euthanasia? a/ to perform the involuntary euthanasia b/ to use the CO gas inhalation instead of the euthanasia drink c/ to make sure the euthanasia drink is not taken by a different person, by accident or by murder d/ to sign the testament 4L014 Why is the doctor required to be present during the euthanasia? a/ to monitor the process of euthanasia b/ to apply the CO gas inhalation instead of the euthanasia drink c/ to sign the statement of death d/ to make photos and videos of exhumation 4L015 When a medical practitioner administers the lethal dose of a drug, medication or chemicals, it is considered as a/ a new method of treatment b/ active euthanasia c/ passive euthanasia d/ selected euthanasia 4L016 The request for euthanasia is usually 4L022 What is NOT one of the criterion for euthanasia? a/ a symptom of inadequate support b/ a will of close relatives c/ the best demand of a patient d/ a response to new methods of treatment a/ only reason for euthanasia is to relieve the patient of suffering b/ it is definitely proven that patient's disease or disability leads to a foreseeable death c/ clear and conscious request of the patient or his/her relatives for euthanasia d/ performed by doctor who voluntarily agrees to do euthanasia 4L017 In which country is assisted suicide legal since 1941? 4L023 It is NOT euthanasia in case of a/ Belgium b/ Canada c/ Switzerland d/ France a/ withdrawing or withholding of life-prolonging treatment b/ intentional opiate overdose c/ administering a lethal dose of drugs d/ withdrawing or withholding of the futile treatment 4L018 Dysthanasia is 4L024 What are NOT the risks of the elderly in hospital a/ withholding the inevitable end of life b/ direct killing of the patient c/ inactivity leading to death d/ discontinuing care with life sustaining measures a/ geriatric maladaptation syndrome b/ relocation syndrome c/ progressed age d/ mental and spiritual support by staff and family 4L019 What is the true solution of problems of dying patients 4L025 Stages of dying are a/ skilled approach to care provided by devoted personnel b/ passive euthanasia c/ active euthanasia d/ assisted suicide a/ 1.anger 2.denying 3.negotiation 4.depression 5.agreement b/ 1.anger 2.disputing 3.negotiation 4.agreement 5.depression c/ 1.denying 2.anger 3.negotiation 4.depression 5.agreement d/ 1.anger 2.disputing 3.depression 4.negotiation 5.agreement 4L020 What is one of the required conditions for euthanasia in Netherlands? 4L026 The science about the last things of human beings is called a/ patient must be at least 16 years old b/ unbearable constant pain c/ request for euthanasia can only be accepted if patient is in conscious state d/ terminal illness with unbearable constant pain a/ thanatology b/ ethics c/ geriatrics d/ eschatology 4L021 What is NOT true about Euthanasia Act in Belgium? 4L027 What is characteristic for dying due to chronic disease of CNS? a/ it allows both euthanasia and assisted suicide b/ patient must be terminally ill c/ euthanasia of children without age limit is legal d/ request for euthanasia but be approved by at least two doctors a/ it is a slow and painful death b/ realization of death is very limited or even absent c/ it is a sudden death d/ it represents the biggest problem for the nursing staff 4L028 What is NOT one of the types of intensity of dying? 4S002 What is NOT one of the techniques used for implementing active listening? a/ dying of chronic diseases of CNS b/ very painful and slow death c/ sudden death d/ dying from alcoholism a/ summary b/ encouragement c/ clarification d/ pretending 4L029 Futile treatment is 4S003 What must doctor avoid during the conversation with patient? a/ unintentional opiate overdoses b/ involuntary euthanasia c/ ineffective treatment that cannot within reasonable likelihood cure the patient d/ illegal practice a/ encouraging the patient b/ leaving during conversation c/ appreciating the patient's collaboration d/ listening carefully 4L030 Legal aspects of end-of-life decisions does NOT include 4S004 One of the universally applied model of conversation between the doctor and the patient is a/ DNR order - do not resuscitate b/ voluntary euthanasia c/ informed consent and negative reverse d/ advance directive a/ international code of medical ethics b/ guide for medical paternalism c/ Calgary-Cambridge guide to the medical interview d/ Hippocratic model 4L031 Two principles of resuscitation decision are 4S005 In communication with person with physical disability a/ principle of justice and autonomy b/ principle of autonomy and previous wishes c/ principle of autonomy and futility d/ principle of futility and significance a/ hold the conversation in a same manner as with person without disability b/ communicate in a standing position c/ minimize the patient's movement as much as possible d/ special rules of communication are required 4L032 Find one INCORRECT statement 4S006 In communication with person with hearing impairment do NOT a/ withdrawing or withholding of the futile treatment is considered assisted suicide b/ advance directive can have a form of living will or power of attorney c/ futile treatment is any treatment in which the burdens greatly outweigh any chance of success or benefit to the patient d/ relatives must be included in the decision-making about futile treatment a/ communicate primarily with the second person (guide) b/ for communication use eyesight c/ enable the patient to comment in written form d/ remove all the distracting sounds 4S001 What types of questions can be used in doctor-patient communication? 4S007 In communication with aggressive patient a/ additional, appointive, emphatic b/ open, closed and transitional c/ additional, suggestive, imperative d/ appropriate and inappropriate a/ talk to the patient in private b/ don’t try to divert the conversation to another topic c/ keep the safe distance d/ patient always sits closer to the door 4S008 What to avoid in the conversation with the patient – find the INCORRECT answer 4S014 What is one of the personal features responsible for development of burnout? a/ jumping into speech b/ leaving during the conversation c/ openly expressing disapproval d/ showing respect and concern a/ high flexibility b/ self-criticism c/ courage d/ self-esteem 4S009 In communication with the patient 4S015 What is CORRECT about burnout syndrome? a/ give directive advices b/ avoid using medical jargon c/ interrupt the patient when he/she is talking too much d/ non-verbal communication is not important a/ it develops more often in doctors who are single and live alone b/ depersonalization is more common in female doctors c/ it doesn’t affect people with addictions d/ it develops more often in doctor with family and children 4S010 Burnout syndrome 4S016 What is INCORRECT about burnout syndrome? a/ usually occurs suddenly b/ is an emotional exhaustion and depersonalization c/ doesn't affect work efficiency d/ is a form of a depression a/ it develops more often in doctors who are single and live alone b/ men are more burnout than women c/ it is more common in North Europe d/ it develops more often in young doctors 4S011 Symptoms of burnout can be 4S017 Impact of burnout syndrome on doctor - patient relationship includes a/ personal or work related b/ visible or hidden c/ biological, mental and spiritual d/ physical, psychological and work related a/ reduced trust of public in health care system b/ willingness for creative thinking c/ reduced number of medical errors d/ reduced interest in the patient 4S012 Work-related symptoms of burnout include? 5L001 Find the INCORRECT statement a/ negative view on the institution in which the person works b/ headaches c/ depression d/ anger a/ transplantation is equivalent functional compensation of an organ necessary for life b/ transplantation can be performed only from dead donors c/ transplantation can be performed from dead and living donors d/ the commercial interests should be excluded 4S013 Physical symptoms of burnout include? 5L002 Two types of dead donors, depending on determination of their death are a/ avoidance of work duties b/ feeling of uselessness c/ headaches d/ irritability a/ donors ex vivo and ex mortuo b/ beating heart and non-beating heart donors c/ respiratory and cardiac arrest donors d/ presumed and voluntary donors 5L003 What is NOT one of the basic conditions of organ transplantation from living donors a/ voluntary and spontaneous informed consent of the acceptor only b/ urgency for the acceptor c/ minimization of risk for the donor d/ favorable prognosis of transplantation 5L009 What is NOT one of the conceptions of brain death? a/ whole-brain death b/ neocortical death (cerebral hemispheres) c/ spinal cord death d/ brain-stem death 5L010 The essential problem for the physician concerning brain death is 5L004 What is NOT one of the basic conditions of organ transplantation from dead donors a/ reliable diagnosis of brain death b/ exclusion of commercial interests c/ urgency for the donor's family d/ anonymity a/ postmortem brain changes b/ the determination of brain death irreversibility c/ the determination of clinical death d/ the pronouncement of cellular death 5L011 Name three different conceptions of brain death 5L005 The basic condition of organ transplantation from living donor is a/ urgency for the acceptor b/ economical reason for the donor c/ no informed consent of the acceptor d/ doubtful prognosis of transplantation a/ whole-brain death, neocortical death, mid-brain death b/ whole-brain death, cerebellum death, neocortical death c/ whole-brain death, cerebellum death, brain-stem death d/ whole-brain death, neocortical death, brain-stem death 5L012 Clinical signs of brain death - find the INCORRECT answer 5L006 The basic condition of organ transplantation from living donor is a/ economical reason for the donor and acceptor b/ minimization of risk for the donor c/ no informed consent of the donor d/ bad prognosis of transplantation a/ deep coma with absence of reaction to pain-evoked stimuli b/ miosis without photoreaction c/ atonia of musculature with absence of muscle movements d/ electrocerebral silence 5L013 Find the INCORRECT statement 5L007 The basic condition of organ transplantation from dead donor is a/ favorable prognosis for living acceptor b/ commercial interests c/ disposition of organs for one clinic only d/ presence of legal barriers for transplantation a/ one of the clinical signs of brain death is presence of the corneal, gag, cough, sucking and rooting reflexes b/ one of the clinical signs of brain death is absence of arterial filling of intracranial vessels c/ brain death is the permanent cessation of functioning of the brain as a whole d/ the essential problem for the physician lies in the determination of the brain death irreversibility 5L008 Types of living donor transplants – find the INCORRECT option 5L014 Ethical problem of infant with anencephaly as an organ donor lies in a/ direct b/ voluntary c/ non-direct d/ paired a/ determination of the brain death irreversibility b/ the length of survival c/ consent of the mother d/ determination of brain death without brain 5L015 One of the ethical issues of organ transplantation is 5L021 What is INCORRECT about autopsy? a/ determination of cardiac arrest irreversibility b/ disproportion between demand and supply of organs c/ high number of living donors d/ balance between demand and supply of organs a/ autopsy must always be complete b/ one of the legal aspects of autopsy is to confirm or rule out violent death c/ partial autopsy can sometimes have sufficient value d/ one of the medical aspects of autopsy is to find out the cause of death 5L016 What is NOT one of the factors contributing to the rapid expansion of the organ trade 5L022 What is NOT an ethical requirement for manipulation with the dead body? a/ globalization b/ rising international demands for organs c/ people living in poverty d/ high number of living and dead donors a/ treat the body with respect and dignity b/ getting the dead body into a state closest to that before autopsy c/ it is acceptable to remove fixed dentures made from precious metal alloys d/ maintain confidentiality and reputation of the person after death 5L023 Ethics of exhumation is in close relation with 5L017 Two legal approaches to organ donation from dead donors are a/ advance directive and medical directive b/ presumed and requested consent c/ OPT-IN and OPT-OUT d/ informed consent and negative reverse a/ eschatology science b/ ethical and legal question about the rights belonging to a dead body c/ police investigators, prosecutors and courts decisions d/ circumstances of death 5L024 Exhumations are generally considered as 5L018 OPT-IN system of organ donation means a/ only those who have given explicit consent are donors b/ everyone is a presumed donor c/ submission of refusal for organ transplantation d/ family members are deciding about donation a/ the ethical connection to the human body remnants b/ the sacrilege in most cultures c/ the medical care service d/ the police reconstruction of crimes 6L001 One of the methods of assisted reproduction is 5L019 OPT-OUT system of organ donation means a/ only those who have given explicit consent are donors b/ family members are deciding about donation c/ anyone who has not refused consent to donate is a donor (presumed consent) d/ organ transplantation is only acceptable from dead donors a/ artificial insemination b/ sterilization c/ artificial termination of pregnancy d/ anticonception 6L002 One of the methods of assisted reproduction is 5L020 Ethics of autopsy is in close relation with a/ eschatology science b/ circumstances of death c/ police investigators, prosecutors and courts decisions d/ ethical question about the rights belonging to a dead body a/ artificial termination of pregnancy b/ sterilization c/ hormonal contraception d/ in vitro fertilization (IVF) 6L003 One of the methods of birth control is 6L009 Artificial insemination is a/ embryo transfer (ET) b/ chemical contraceptives c/ artificial insemination (fecundation) d/ in vitro fertilization (IVF) a/ the method of in vitro fertilization b/ injection of a sperm directly into the uterus with the use of a very thin flexible catheter placed in the cervix c/ undertaken together with patient care d/ the application of genetically engineered plants and microorganisms 6L004 One of the birth control methods is 6L010 There are two types of artificial insemination a/ embryo transfer (ET) b/ prenatal genetic diagnostics and other investigations c/ sterilization d/ artificial insemination (fecundation) a/ artificial insemination by husband, artificial insemination by donor b/ instant insemination, prolonged insemination c/ therapeutic insemination, non-therapeutic insemination d/ insemination of a woman-acceptor, insemination of a surrogate woman 6L005 What does "Pearl index" mean? 6L011 The donor for artificial insemination a/ number of pregnancies to 100 women who used contraception per year b/ amount of sold contraceptive tablets in pharmacy shop c/ index of mental health of the population d/ a long-term statistical criterion of sterilization a/ must not be the relative person (kin) to the woman-acceptor b/ should be under 18 years old c/ should be European only d/ should not have his own children 6L006 What does "sterilization" mean? 6L012 What is in vitro fertilization? a/ it i