Zoology - Chapter 5 Taxonomy PDF

**TAXONOMY** - It is a b[ranch of biology that deals with the classification and naming of all living things.] It is the practice of identifying different organisms, classifying them into categories and naming them with a unique scientific name (Basic Biology, 2019). Father of Taxonomy In the 18th...

**TAXONOMY** - It is a b[ranch of biology that deals with the classification and naming of all living things.] It is the practice of identifying different organisms, classifying them into categories and naming them with a unique scientific name (Basic Biology, 2019). Father of Taxonomy In the 18th century, the Swedish scientist **Carolus Linnaeus** [developed the modern system of taxonomy and classification.] With his invention of the widely used system of classification, **Carolus Linnaeus is considered to be the 'FATHER OF MODERN TAXONOMY'.** **Modern Taxonomy** The [10th revision of Systema Naturæ] in 1758 marked the official start of modern taxonomy and the first formal biological classification. This book became the standard of contemporary scientists of Linnaeus,not just with classifying organisms but as well as with the standard way of naming them. **DOMAINS** : Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya **KINGDOMS**: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae **Binomial Nomenclature** o The word nomenclature is derived from to [Latin words nomen, which means "name]" and [clare, means to call]. o It is a two-part name: t[he first word designates the genus to which the organism is assigned,] and [the second word is the species name or specific name, that is, a descriptive word that characterizes the organism]  **Rules in Writing Scientific Names** 1. If handwritten, it should be underlined or if type written, it should be italicized. (Example: scientific name of man: Homo sapiens) 2. The genus is always capitalized and the species is usually not. **KINGDOM ANIMALIA** ◈also known as Metazoa, is a kingdom which includes all animals ◈regarded as the kingdom with the most number of species ◈animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms which are heterotrophic (defined as an organism that cannot manufacture its own food by carbon fixation and therefore derives its intake of nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter) ◈most animals are capable of complex behavioral responses and rapid movement Two major division of Animals: Vertebrates & Invertebrates  **Invertebrates** - characterized by neither the possession nor development of a vertebral column or a backbone recognized as the largest group present in the Animal Kingdom: 97% of animal species are all invertebrates (the total number of invertebrate species is hypothesized to be approximately around 5 million to 30 million) \- invertebrates are considered to be successful organisms due to their rapid capacity to reproduce they are classified based upon their body structure, life cycle, and evolutionary history **Vertebrates** - also called Craniata, are members of the subphylum Vertebrata, under the Phylum Chordata of the Kingdom Animalia comprise all species of animals that have a spinal cord surrounded by either cartilage or bone; the word is derived from the vertebrae, which is the set of bones that make up the spine \- characterized by a muscular system consisting primarily of bilaterally paired masses and a central nervous system partly enclosed within the backbone there are approximately 40,000 identified species of vertebrates   **CHONDRICHTHYES** - cartilaginous fish skeletal system is composed of cartilage **AMPHIBIANS** ◈IT MEANS "DOUBLE LIFE"