Introduction To System And Business Analysis PDF

END3961 : INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS STANDARDS: BUSINESS ANALYSIS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE (BABOK) BASIC CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS, BASIC CONCEPT MODEL OF BUSINESS AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS, BUSINESS ANALYSIS KNOWLEDGE AREAS FROM BABOK PERS...

END3961 : INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM AND BUSINESS ANALYSIS STANDARDS: BUSINESS ANALYSIS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE (BABOK) BASIC CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS, BASIC CONCEPT MODEL OF BUSINESS AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS, BUSINESS ANALYSIS KNOWLEDGE AREAS FROM BABOK PERSPECTIVE ASSOC. PROF. NEZIR AYDIN, PH.D. YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN  BUT FIRST… Case 1: A supermarket notices its parking lot being empty most of the time, in particular at nights when the store is closed. How can this resource be used to generate revenue? pexels.com Case 2: A company notes that it is getting a bad word of mouth (bad reputation) and fears this will hurt its revenues. How can it turn it around? 2 Flaticon.com October 25, 2024 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1) What activities do you need to do in order to solve the problem? 2) What do you need to know in order to solve the problem? (information) 3) Who would you need to talk to in order to solve the problem? 4) What kind of alternative solutions do you find for solving the problem? (different ways to solve) 5) How would the best solution look like? 6) What aspects do you think matters in selecting the best solution? 7) Are there any other aspects you find to be relevant and worth considering? 3 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN HISTORICAL CONTEXT October 25, 2024 4 http://www.mkomo.com/assets/hd-cost-graph.png PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN  PROLIFERATION OF IT SYSTEMS (80-TIES) IBM AS/400 System Performance of Model 10 Comp. vs manual Computers reduces chances of errors. Company started introducing IT services. Profit increases and projects started. October 25, 2024 5 http://cdn.ttgtmedia.com/rms/computerweekly/photogalleries/236963/1351_20_ibm-as-400-system-model-10- computer-fashions-of-the-1980s.jpg PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN  PROJECT SUCCESS Chaos Survey: Projects from 2011- 2015. Challenged: Completed but not within time and budged. The way project were handled, something was missing. Business-IT 6 October 25, 2024 https://www.infoq.com/articles/standish-chaos-2015 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN TOP REASONS FOR PROJECT OUTCOMES TOP REASON Failed Incomplete Requirements Lack of User Involvement Lack of Resources Unrealistic Expectations Lack of Executive Support 7 Requirement engineering is important October 25, 2024 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN  RAISING PRODUCT QUALITY Project on paper: Change anything and for free. After projects started even simple changes will cause bigger problems (complicated). The sooner you make requirement, the simpler (cheaper) problems will be handled. (exp: house construction). 8 Customer-Centered Products: Creating Successful Products Through Smart Requirements Management by Hooks & Farry October 25, 2024 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN  GREAT POTENTIAL BUT FAILED Som systemägare är vi länken mellan kund och leverantör, mellan användare och våra IT avdelningar. KUND LEVERANTÖR Användare av system Interna IT avdelningar Business Requirements There is a lack of communication (link) between business and IT (it is new to them or not skilled). Link: business requirements. Business analyst listen business guys and convert needs into requirements and translate to IT guys language. Then applications are built. October 25, 2024 9 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN WHAT IS BUSINESS ANALYSIS? “Business analysis is the practice of enabling change in an enterprise by defining needs and recommending solutions that deliver value to stakeholders” October 25, 2024 10 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN CHANGE AT DIFFERENT LEVELS Strategic Strategic Portfolio Optimizing the mix of projects Assessing which is most needed Pre-Project Feasibility Study Project Detailing the Solution Delivering the Solution Post-Project Evaluating the olution October 25, 2024 11 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN CHANGE AT DIFFERENT LEVELS Strategic Strategic Portfolio Optimizing the mix of projects Assessing which is most needed Pre-Project Feasibility Study Project Detailing the Solution Delivering the Solution Post-Project Evaluating the Solution October 25, 2024 12 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS NEEDS Understand and define the A business need A solution need in more detail Parking Lot! Reputation! October 25, 2024 13 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN RECOMMENDING SOLUTION Training Policies Business Process Systems October 25, 2024 14 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN VALUE October 25, 2024 15 If a solution does not deliver a value, no need to apply. PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN STAKEHOLDERS Partners Customers Managers Value Internal Departments Regulators Value delivered to stakeholders. October 25, 2024 16 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ROLE OF THE ANALYST EVOLVES Portfolio of Initiatives (Senior Business Analyst) Strategical Level Iterative : a, b, c, d, a, d, e, … Context & Problems/Needs Eliciting and Defining (Business Analyst) Requirements (Junior Business Analyst) October 25, 2024 17 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS ANALYSIS PROCESS Initiate & Analyze Assess and Define Design Deliver Evaluate Plan BA Current Select Future State Solution Solution Solution Work State Solution October 25, 2024 18 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN İŞ VE SİSTEM ANALİZİNİN GENEL SÜRECİ VE ADIMLARI «Digital Business Analysis», F. Milani, Springer, 2019, ISBN: 978-3- 030-05718-3. Initiate & Plan BA Work Analyze Business Environment Analyze Current Problem Analysis State Define Future Develop Solution State Alternatives Assess and Select Solution Design Solution Deliver Solution Evaluate Solution 19 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS ANALYSIS OVERVIEW OF BABOK PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BABOK (BUSINESS ANALYSIS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE) Body of Knowledge: A collection of concepts, activities, deliverables, competences, principles etc. that is considered as standard within a profession. October 25, 2024 21 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BABOK (BUSINESS ANALYSIS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE) BABOK Table of Contents Introductory Concepts (chapters 1-2) Knowledge Areas (chapters 3-8) Underlying Competencies (chapter 9) Techniques (chapter 10) Perspectives (chapter 11) October 25, 2024 22 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BABOK KNOWLEDGE AREAS Look at the scenario of parking lot: Where do you start? Where do you end? Which part is the “biggest? Which part are “re-usable? October 25, 2024 23 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN CORE CONCEPTS OF BACCM (BUSINESS ANALYSIS CORE CONCEPTS MODEL) Change Need Solution Stakeholder Value Context 24 October 25, 2024 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN  BACCM IN PARKING LOT EXAMPLE Case 1: A supermarket notices its parking lot being empty most of the time, in particular at nights when the store is closed. How can this resource be used to generate revenue? pexels.com Case 2: A company notes that it is getting a bad word of mouth (bad reputation) and fears this will hurt its revenues. How can it turn it around? 25 Flaticon.com October 25, 2024 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BACCM - NEED A problem or opportunity to be addressed. Need October 25, 2024 26 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BACCM - SOLUTION A specific way of satisfying one or more needs in a context. Need Solution October 25, 2024 27 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BACCM - CONTEXT Need Context Solution The circumstances that influence, are influenced by, and provide understanding of the change. October 25, 2024 28 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BACCM - VALUE Need Value Solution Context The worth, importance, or usefulness of something to a stakeholder within a context. October 25, 2024 29 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BACCM - STAKEHOLDERS Need Stakeholders Solution Value Context A group or individual with a relationship to the change, the need, or the solution. October 25, 2024 30 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BACCM - CHANGE Need Change Solution Stakeholders Context Value The act of transformation in response to a need October 25, 2024 31 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS ANALYSIS CORE CONCEPTS Core Concept Description 1. Change ▪ The act of transformation in response to a need. ▪ Change works to improve the performance of an enterprise. These improvements are deliberate and controlled through business analysis activities. 2. Need ▪ A problem or opportunity to be addressed. ▪ Needs can cause changes by motivating stakeholders to act. Changes can also cause needs by enhancing the value delivered by existing solutions. 3. Solution ▪ A specific way of satisfying one or more needs. ▪ A solution satisfies a need by resolving a problem faced by stakeholders or enabling stakeholders to take advantage of an opportunity. 32 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS ANALYSIS CORE CONCEPTS Core Concept Description 4. Stakeholder ▪ A group or individual with a relationship to the change, the need, or the solution. ▪ Stakeholders are often defined in terms of interest in, impact on, and influence over the change. Stakeholders are grouped based on their relationship to the needs, changes, and solutions. 5.Value ▪ The worth, importance, or usefulness of something to a stakeholder. ▪ Value can be seen as potential or realized returns, gains, and improvements. It is also possible to have a decrease in value in the form of losses, risks, and costs. ▪ Value can be tangible or intangible. Tangible value is directly measurable. Tangible value often has a significant monetary component. Intangible value is measured indirectly. Intangible value often has a significant motivational component, such as a company's reputation or employee morale. ▪ In some cases, value can be assessed in absolute terms, but in many cases is assessed in relative terms: one solution option is more valuable than another from the perspective of a given set of stakeholders. 33 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS ANALYSIS CORE CONCEPTS Core Concept Description 6. Context (environment) ▪ The circumstances that influence, are influenced by, and provide understanding of the change. ▪ Changes occur within a context. The context is everything relevant to the change that is within the environment. ▪ Context may include attitudes, behaviours, beliefs, competitors, culture, demographics, goals, governments, infrastructure, languages, losses, processes, products, projects, sales, seasons, terminology, technology, weather, and any other element meeting the definition. 34 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS ANALYSIS CORE CONCEPTS 35 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS ANALYSIS THE ROLE OF A BUSINESS ANALYST PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN WHO IS A BUSINESS ANALYST? “responsible for discovering, synthesizing, and analyzing information from a variety of sources within an enterprise for the purpose of eliciting the actual needs of stakeholders … in order to determine underlying issues and causes and ensure that the designed and delivered solutions are aligned with the needs of the stakeholders”. October 25, 2024 37 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN WHO IS A BUSINESS ANALYST? Discovering Synthesizing Deliver Solutions that Analyzing bring Business Value Identifying Evaluating You do not learn and do it!!! October 25, 2024 38 You learn when you are doing it. Being and doing. PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ROLE OF AN ANALYST – PROBLEM SOLVER It is the core of the analysis: It can not be done has no place: How can it be done? If you do not like problems or want everything deterministic then BA is not for you.You should be eager to face and solve problems. They are opportunities to learn from. October 25, 2024 39 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN  ROLE OF AN FACILITATOR Positive, continuous discussion and progress October 25, 2024 40 Analysist does not do everything himself. He facilitates, starts discussions and provide progresses. PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ROLE OF AN NEGOTIATOR Mediates between clients, stakeholders, and other involved parties October 25, 2024 41 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ROLE OF AN ARCHITECT Solutions that include ▪ systems development ▪ process improvement ▪ organizational change ▪ models ▪ business processes ▪ designs and so on October 25, 2024 42 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ROLE OF AN PLANNER Accurately identified, captured, and tracked throughout the project life cycle; define, organize, schedule etc. October 25, 2024 43 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ROLE OF AN COMMUNICATOR Use discussion, conversations, and interviews to further understanding and communicate with others October 25, 2024 44 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ROLE OF AN EXPERT Know your business, industry and domain October 25, 2024 45 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ROLE OF AN STRATEGIST Long-term, vision, goals, tactical plans October 25, 2024 46 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN SUMMARY (ROLE OF AN ANALYST) Problem Solver Facilitator Negotiator What competencies are needed? Architect Planner Communicator Expert October 25, 2024 47 Strategist PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS ANALYSIS THE COMPETENCIES OF A BUSINESS ANALYST PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN WHAT IS A COMPETENCY? A competency is the capability to apply or use a set of related knowledge, skills, and abilities required to successfully perform "critical work functions" or tasks in a defined work setting. October 25, 2024 49 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN MAIN AREAS OF COMPETENCE? Business Knowledge Analytical Thinking Organizing and Time Management Communication and Interaction Tools and Techniques October 25, 2024 50 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE External Business Knowledge: ▪ Business Acumen ▪ Industry Knowledge ▪ Information Systems October 25, 2024 51 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS ACUMEN Awareness and knowledge about solutions that have been considered and/or implemented previously in another organizations. ▪ Best practices ▪ Reports and studies ▪ Case studies ▪ Specialized solution providers October 25, 2024 52 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN INDUSTRY KNOWLEDGE Knowledge about the industry ▪ Major players & competitors ▪ Current practices ▪ Trends ▪ Key processes ▪ Industry specific terms ▪ Regulations October 25, 2024 53 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Understanding of Information Technology ▪ How they work ▪ Development processes ▪ Methodologies ▪ Technological advances October 25, 2024 54 ▪ Trends PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN BUSINESS KNOWLEDGE Internal Business Knowledge: ▪ Business Model and Strategies ▪ Organizational Knowledge October 25, 2024 55 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN  BUSINESS MODEL & STRATEGY The way a company creates and delivers value to its customers (stakeholders) October 25, 2024 56 http://i.vimeocdn.com/video/568489171_1280x720.jpg PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE Internal structures of ▪ Units ▪ Departments ▪ Power of influence ▪ Communication channels October 25, 2024 57 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ANALYTICAL THINKING Discovering Synthesizing Conceptual Thinking Decision Deliver Solutions that Analyzing Making bring Business Value Identifying Evaluating October 25, 2024 58 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN ORGANIZATION AND TIME MANAGEMENT Organizing … different types of meetings manage complex plans manage frequent changes October 25, 2024 59 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN FACILITATOR While being neutral, facilitate … Agreements, Discussions, Collaboration, Meetings, Workshops, Eliciting facts, Perspectives October 25, 2024 60 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN TOOLS & METHODS October 25, 2024 61 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN SUMMARY Business Acumen Industry Knowledge Information Technology Business Model & Strategy Organizational Knowledge Analytical Thinking Organization and Time Management Facilitator October 25, 2024 62 Tools and Methods PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 63 PROF. DR. NEZIR AYDIN