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# Final Exam ## 1. Sacred Ritual * Ritual → sacred ceremonial actions * Social function of Rituals – **Example:** **Non-periodic ritual:** * **Life-cycle rites:** Arnold van Gennep 1. **Separation** → *ex:* after a wedding the Bride leaves family home 2. **Transition** → *in-between* p...

# Final Exam ## 1. Sacred Ritual * Ritual → sacred ceremonial actions * Social function of Rituals – **Example:** **Non-periodic ritual:** * **Life-cycle rites:** Arnold van Gennep 1. **Separation** → *ex:* after a wedding the Bride leaves family home 2. **Transition** → *in-between* phase; *ex:* engagement period 3. **Reincorporation** → final phase – Successful passage into new status; *ex:* new ring; reception after marriage * **Life-crisis rites** * deal with real crisis * *ex:* illness, miscarriage, drought, etc. * rites are performed to restore problems * exorcists, priests ## Periodic Rituals * **cyclical rights** → repeated on a regular basis * **Calendar & seasonal rights** follow the cycle * *ex:* New Years * often bring people to sharing beliefs/values * Theodor Gaster ## 4 fold pattern: 1. **Mortification:** sense of death or destruction/end of a cycle 2. **Purgation:** evil is purged; cleansing of impurities 3. **Invigoration:** new life / fertility is secured through ritual actions 4. **Jubilation:** new life granted; ppl rejoice