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# Cardiac Valves - Aortic: 2 ICS right sternum - Pulmonic: 2 ICS left sternum (Erbs: 3 ICS left sternum - aortic & pulmonic regurg heard well) - Tricuspid: 4th ICS left sternum - Mitral: 5 ICS left mid-clavicular # Cardiomyopathy ## Dilated △LOC (↓O₂) - Restlessness - Agitation - SOB fatigue - A...

# Cardiac Valves - Aortic: 2 ICS right sternum - Pulmonic: 2 ICS left sternum (Erbs: 3 ICS left sternum - aortic & pulmonic regurg heard well) - Tricuspid: 4th ICS left sternum - Mitral: 5 ICS left mid-clavicular # Cardiomyopathy ## Dilated △LOC (↓O₂) - Restlessness - Agitation - SOB fatigue - Angina, ECG (heart block) - HF = Pump failure (doesn't pump forward) - L = Left => Lungs (s/s crackles, pulmonary edema) - R = Right => Rest of Body (edema, ascites, JVD) - Regurg = tricuspid/bicuspid, narrow pulse pressure due to low ejection fraction. ## Restrictive - Muscles stiff, don't stretch - Refill problems due to scar tissue - Less blood in = less blood out - S/S: ↓O₂, fatigue/sob # Heart Failure - Cause: Amyloidosis - protein - Sarcoidosis - inflamed cell deposits - Hemochromatosis - iron deposits - Radiation (to heart) # Genetic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Cause: genetics - Thick muscles outer walls - Septum - Less blood in = less blood out - Septum can obstruct aortic valve - Strains during exercise - S/S: no s/s until sudden strain on heart - asymptomatic - ↓O₂: SOB, fatigue, weakness, syncope, ALOC, chest pain # Diagnosis and Treatment - **Dx:** Heart murmur, ECG - **Tx:** Beta blockers, CCB (Verapamil), digoxin, antiarrhythmic diuretics, vaso. - Treat causes - 1st line Beta Blockers, CCB, Digoxin, Anti-dysrhythmic diuretics and vaso - Heart transplant - Surgical myectomy (widen septum) - Alcohol ablation - Remodels septum # Precautions - Avoid: lifting weights (bearing down to poop), buildup of energy, sudden position changes