Year 9 Brazil Revision Notes PDF

Topic 2 - Brazil Purpose of this topic: A study of physical and human geographies of Brazil, with a focus on the intent and impacts of the Olympics. Lesson 1: Where is Lesson 2: What is the physical Start...

Topic 2 - Brazil Purpose of this topic: A study of physical and human geographies of Brazil, with a focus on the intent and impacts of the Olympics. Lesson 1: Where is Lesson 2: What is the physical Start Lesson 3: What is Brazil located and what geography of Brazil like? Brazil considered is it like? an emerging country? Lesson 6: How has Lesson 5: What is urbanisation impacted Brazil’s housing like? Lesson Brazil? 4: What populatio n change has occurred in Brazil? Lesson 7: What is Lesson 9: End of life like in Lesson 8: Did the top-down Finish topic revision and Suo development project help exam practice Paulo? Brazil?  Title: Brazil Revision LO: To recap the Brazil unit to help prepare for my geography assessment Turn each box on the following page into a revision card. Take a photo of your cards and send to your teacher. If you’d prefer to do this online, create a separate Powerpoint slide for each box instead.  Brazil Unit Revision Sheet Key Terms Describe the Climate and vegetation in: Describe the location of Change in industry over time: Emerging country: The Amazon rainforest: Brazil Coastal Low: Vegetation: Relief: Highlands: As a country develops explain how percentage of industry changes in the: Climate: Primary sector: Primary industry: Reasons for Reasons for Change Problems in the Favelas: Secondary sector: Change in BR in DR Tertiary sector: Secondary industry: Tertiary industry: Urbanisation: Economic Inequality: Economically Active: Describe and explain the shape of Case Study: Impacts of Positive impacts Negative Brazil’s population Pyramid: Rio 2016 impacts Favela: Key information:  The following slides are knowledge organisers from each lesson to help you complete your revision cards  Key terms Key Term 1. Emerging country 2. Birth rate “emerging country” 3. Death rate 4. Population pyramid An emerging country 5. Vegetation describes a 6. Relief nation's economy that is 7. Climate progressing towards 8. Primary industry becoming more advanced, 9. Secondary industry usually by means of rapid 10.Tertiary industry growth and industrialisation. 11.Urbanisation 12.Economic Inequality These countries experience 13.Economically Active an expanding role both in the 14.Favela world economy and on global 15.Infant mortality rate political influence. 16.Fertility rate 17.Push factors 18.Pull factors  Lesson 1: Where is Brazil located and what is it like? Location: Brazil is in South America and it is the fifth largest country in the world. Its official language is Portuguese. On the east of Brazil is the Atlantic Ocean, with a coastline of 7,491 km. Brazil shares land borders with Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana (so every South American country except for Chile and Ecuador!). The landscape of Brazil is very diverse and varied with hills, mountains, plains, highlands and scrublands. Most of the country is between 200 m and 800 m above sea level. Most of Brazil has a tropical climate, so there is no dry season. Temperatures are around 25 degrees Celsius on average. The Amazon river basin includes a vast tropical rainforest which is home to an incredibly diverse range of wildlife, as well as many different types of protected habitats. The Amazon river is the second longest in the world and is actually the largest in terms of the volume of water that flows through it. The Amazon rainforest represents over half of the remaining rainforest on the planet. Within the Amazon rainforest there are estimated to be 16,000 different species of tree. 2.5 million species of insect also live there, along with 2,000 species of birds and mammals. The rainforest is under a serious threat from deforestation, which is the conversion of forested areas to non- forested areas. This is mainly done to build human settlements on, to enable to land to be used for farming, or for extracting natural resources from below the ground. While the rate of deforestation is now slowing down, the HT:rainforest, and all the species that live in it, are still under great threat. Brazil is an incredibly diverse country. When you think of Brazil what do you think of? Tropical rainforests, colourful birds, Governments around the world are working hard to slow the destruction of the noisy carnivals, rainforest golden and even beaches, trying or fancy to restore somefootball? parts that have already been Brazil is the largest country in South America, and the fifth largest country in the world. destroyed. The first European to discover Brazil was Pedro Cabral, a Portuguese explorer, in 1500. He landed in South America on the way to India. Of course, Cabral was not the first person to set foot in Brazil as thousands of tribes of indigenous Indians also live in the country. In the 18th century Brazil become the world’s largest producer of gold. The national flag of Brazil has a green background with a dark blue sphere and yellow diamond in the centre. Each part of the flag has a special meaning: Green represents the lush vegetation that can be found in the country. Yellow represents wealth and riches. The dark blue sphere represents the colour of the sky in the tropics.  Lesson 2: What is the physical geography of Brazil like? Key terms: Climate: The general weather in an area for a long period of time, usually 30 years. Vegetation: Plants found in a particular area or habitat. Relief: The difference in height and shape of the land. Amazon Rainforest Vegetation Moist forests of the Amazon basin are normally evergreen forests stratified with 3-4 layers of vegetation: under-story, sub-canopy, canopy, and occasionally the emergents layer. Emerging trees reach up to 50-60 meters high, above the canopy of the forest. The canopy layer averages 25-30 meters in. The understory layer contains small trees and shrubs often with morpohological adaptations to survive in low light and chemical adaptations to protect against predators. North East Brazil Vegetation In the semiarid Northeast, caatinga, a dry, thick, thorny vegetation, predominates. Most of central Brazil is covered with a woodland savanna, known as the cerrado (sparse scrub trees and drought- resistant grasses), which became an area of agricultural development after the mid-1970s. Brazilian Highlands Vegetation: Vegetation is mostly from the Atlantic Forest ecosystem. Below 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) it is mostly dense montane rainforest. From 1,100 to 2,000 metres (3,600 to 6,600 ft) there is mixed dense rainforest and upper montane forest, with specimens of Araucaria angustifolia (Brazilian pine). Brazilian Highlands Relief:  Lesson 3: What is Brazil considered an emerging country? Facts about their economy:  Lesson 4: What population change has occurred in Brazil? Key words: Population structure: the 'make up' or composition of a population. A population pyramid - shows the structure of a country’s Elderly dependents: aged over 65 population. Young dependents: aged under 15 A population pyramid shows how many males (BLUE) and Economically active: working age group females (RED) there are at each particular age group for one particular country. Brazil’s population pyramid has significantly changed from 1980 to the projected model in 2050. In 1980 Brazil had a triangular population pyramid showing high birth rate and also a high death rate. There may have been a high birth rate because of a lack of contraception or a need for children to help out with work, such as in the factories or on farms. As the country has become more developed, there is a growing life expectancy and people are living for much longer. Death rate is falling because of better health care and hygiene, and average wages have significantly increased. This is because Brazil is becoming more developed and there is a lot of industry there. In 2050, Brazil’s population pyramid will become more barrel shaped as birth rate falls and death rate falls. Birth rate will fall as many more adults are focused on work in the cities,  Lesson 5: What is Brazil’s housing like? Urban Inequality: the socio-economic and political gap between rich and poor in an urban environment Lots of people live in Favelas.  Lesson 6: How has urbanisation impacted Brazil? Key Words: “Push” Factors (Attracts) “Pull” Economic Inequality: the gap between rich and poor (Repels) Factors Urbanisation: the increase in the proportion of people living Lack of jobs More job opportunities in towns and cities. Rural to urban migration is when people move from the Poor housing Better housing countryside to the city because of numerous push and pull Few schools Greater choice of factors. schools Push factors: Reasons for people to emigrate (move away) from a place. Land shortages Better healthcare Pull factors: Reasons for people to immigrate (move to) a Crop failures Access to food and place. The Hoyt water Model Rural poverty Lure of the “bright lights” of the city Decline of local Range of shops and communities restaurants Mechanisation eroding Chance of a better life job prospects Problems: Lesson 7: What is life like in Sao Paulo?  Lesson 8: Did the top-down development project help Brazil? The Rio 2016 Olympics Top-down Development Schemes The 14th of June 2007 marked an important day for Brazil. They were awarded to host the 2016 Olympics. Brazil were under the assumption that hosting the Olympics would bring so many opportunities in the country and continue to develop the country. However, not everyone in Brazil had the same outlook to the Brazilian Government. More than 56% of foreign visitors to Brazil for the 2016 The government's Olympic The new flats built for the The Olympics created Games were new spending was almost 30% Olympics are too expensive over 8,000 jobs over visitors and Brazil set over budget. This money for most Brazilian’s to afford the period pre and tourism records with can be used for health and to live in post the games. 6.6 million foreign education tourists and $6.2 billion dollars. Crime was reduced in the Rio’s transport The Rio Olympics is the Favela’s such as Rocina The Olympics cost system was upgraded 31st modern Olympics Favela by hiring of more just over $19.4 billion in the west of the city. policemen 170,000 living in high value land needed for The Port area near the The Olympics showed off Rio has a population stadiums had to be Olympic village was Brazil and Rio helping to of around 6.5 million evicted. Many people redeveloped with new promote future tourism people were also left restaurants and shops homeless Task Using the key below colour code information into: Young people were The Brazilian Around 3,600,000 1. Background given more government has tonnes of Carbon information on Rio and opportunities to get increased it’s debt by dioxide was emitted the Olympics involved in sports over $2 billion during the games. 2. Positive impacts from other than football the Olympics 3. Negative impacts from the Olympics Lesson 9: End of topic revision and exam practice