Year 9 Biology Revision Booklet Winter 2024 PDF

Classification: Internal Biology Y9 Topics Unit Title 1 Characteristics and classification of living organisms 2 Organisation of the organism Classification: Internal To be classed as a “living organism” the...

Classification: Internal Biology Y9 Topics Unit Title 1 Characteristics and classification of living organisms 2 Organisation of the organism Classification: Internal To be classed as a “living organism” the subject must perform all 7 life processes. Classification: Internal  Invertebrates Classification: Internal Feature myriapo crustace insects arachnid ds ans s Number of 1-2 5 3 4 pairs of legs Body 2 2 or 3 3 2 regions Number of 1 2 1 none pairs of antennae Type of eyes ocelli Compou compoun Simple nd eyes d Wings none none 2 pairs none  Plant Classification Classification: Internal Flowering plants are called ANGIOSPERMS. They are multicellular organisms. Their cells have cellulose cell walls made when glucose from photosynthesis is converted to cellulose. Some contain chloroplasts, roots, stems and leaves. They reproduce sexually and asexually and produce seeds and fruits. There are two types; Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons Parallel two narrow flowering broad network one Monocotyledons are flowering plants that often have narrow leaves with parallel veins. They have 1 cotyledon inside the seed. Dicotyledons often have broad leaves with a network of veins. They have 2 cotyledons inside each seed. Classification: Internal 1) Define the term growth and sensitivity. (Grade D)- Growth is the permanent increase of size of an organism due to the increase of number of cells and sensitivity is the reaction and response to the organisms' surroundings such as stimuli like light or sound. 2) Describe why scientists use the binomial naming system for naming new species of organisms. (Grade D)-The reason why scientists use the binomal naming system is because it provides a standardised way by being in latin this makes it easier to understand and learn across different countries regardless of language 3) Produce a dichotomous key to separate the following species: Lion, Tiger, Cheetah, Jaguar, Snow leopard. (Grade A) 1 Body shape and size Large, muscular body, typically with a robust build → Go to 2 Slender, more streamlined body, built for speed → Go to 4 2 Presence of a mane in males Males have a distinct mane around the neck → Lion (Panthera leo) No mane present in males → Go to 3 3 Stripe pattern on the fur Fur with vertical dark stripes → Tiger (Panthera tigris) Fur without stripes, spots instead → Jaguar (Panthera onca) 4 Body build Tall, with long legs, adapted for running fast → Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) Stockier, shorter legs, adapted for rough terrain and climbing → Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) 1) Identify three differences between monocotyledon plants and dicotyledonous plants. (Drade D) Monocots plants have 1 cotyledon while dicots have 2 and monocots leaves are long and dicots are broad. Monocots are flowering plants and produce flower while dicots do not have flowers. 2) Explain why a leaf is classed as an organ and not a tissue. (Grade C) It is because the leaf has a specific function to carry out a task which means it contains specialised cells and specialised cells working together form tissues and many tissues form an organ like the leaf Classification: Internal Structure Description Cell structure that is Organelle specialised to carry out a particular function or job Basic structural and Cell functional unit of a living organism Group of cells with similar Tissue structures, working together to perform a shared function Structure made up of a group Organ of tissues, working together to perform specific functions Group of organs with related Organ functions, working together system to perform body functions Classification: Internal You need to know that all cells (except some prokaryotes) contain things called ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Mitochondria is where respiration takes place and ALL cells have them! Cells that need more energy like muscles and sperm cells contain more mitochondria. Classification: Internal 1) Write down the calculation for calculating the magnification of a cell. (Grade C) Magnification = Image size / Actual size 2) Explain how the vacuole and the cell wall help to maintain the plant cells structure (Grade B) The vacuole helps maintain the turgid pressure keeping the cell rigid while the cell wall provides structure and support 3) Analyse how the red blood cell is adapted to its function. (Grade B) It is adapted to its function by having a biconcave shape and no nucleus to have more space for haemoglobin and a flexible membrane to navigate through narrow blood vessels 4) Explain how you would prepare a slide to view under a microscope. (Grade A) To prepare a slide for viewing under a microscope, place a small sample of the specimen in the centre of a clean microscope slide. Add a drop of water or stain to the specimen to keep it hydrated and enhance contrast. Then, carefully place a coverslip at an angle over the specimen to avoid air bubbles. Finally, check for air bubbles and remove them, if necessary, before placing the slide on the microscope stage and adjusting the focus for clear observation. 5) Illustrate an animal cell and a plant cell (Include labels) (Grace B)