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# Table 4-1 Overview of Mechanical Breath Terminology This table outlines various mechanical ventilation variables and their corresponding sequences. ## 1. Mechanical Breath Variables | Variable | Description | |---|---| | Control variable | Mechanism to deliver a breath (e.g., pressure-controlle...

# Table 4-1 Overview of Mechanical Breath Terminology This table outlines various mechanical ventilation variables and their corresponding sequences. ## 1. Mechanical Breath Variables | Variable | Description | |---|---| | Control variable | Mechanism to deliver a breath (e.g., pressure-controlled or volume-controlled)| | Trigger variable | Mechanism to start inspiration (e.g., pressure or flow trigger by patient, time trigger by ventilator) | | Cycle variable | Mechanism to end inspiration (e.g., volume-cycled, pressure-cycled, flow-cycled, time-cycled)| ## 2. Breath Sequence | Sequence Type | Description | |---|---| | Continuous mandatory | All breaths are controlled by the ventilator. No spontaneous breaths are allowed (e.g., CMV). | | Intermittent mandatory | Set number of mandatory breaths are provided by the ventilator. Spontaneous breaths are allowed between mandatory breaths (e.g., SIMV) | | Continuous spontaneous | All breaths are spontaneous with assistance (e.g., pressure support ventilation (PSV) or without assistance (e.g., continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP))| ## 3. Type of Control or Target Scheme | Control Type | Description | |---|---| | Set point | How the ventilator reaches its targeted goal (e.g., set point for pressure-controlled ventilation is pressure). | | Servo | How the ventilator adjusts its output to suit the patient's variable (e.g., proportional assist ventilation adjusts its pressure to generate an appropriate flow to meet the patient's flow demand). | | Adaptive | How the ventilator adjusts a set point to reach a different targeted set point (e.g., pressure-regulated volume control adjusts the pressure (by altering the flow and l-time) to reach a targeted volume.) | | Optimal | How the ventilator uses a mathematical model to alter the set points to achieve a target goal (e.g., adaptive support ventilation alters the frequency, tidal volume, and pressure to achieve a target minute ventilation).| ## Ventilation Modes * **Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)** * **Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)** * **Mandatory minute ventilation (MMV)** * **Pressure support ventilation (PSV)** **Note:** e.g. is used throughout the table to represent examples. CMV, SIMV, PSV, and CPAP are acronyms for specific ventilation modes. Additional details about these modes are provided in the text.