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ted on insulating supports installed at intervals not exceeding 4.5 m (15 ft) and in a manner that maintains a clearance of not less than 50 mm (2 in.) from the surface over which they pass. (C) Individual Open Conductors. Individual open conductors shall be installed in accordance with Table 230.51...

ted on insulating supports installed at intervals not exceeding 4.5 m (15 ft) and in a manner that maintains a clearance of not less than 50 mm (2 in.) from the surface over which they pass. (C) Individual Open Conductors. Individual open conductors shall be installed in accordance with Table 230.51(C). Where exposed to the weather, the conductors shall be mounted on insulators or on insulating supports attached to racks, brackets, or other approved means. Where not exposed to the weather, the conductors shall be mounted on glass or porcelain knobs. Table 230.51(C) Supports Maximum Volts Maximum Distance Between Supports Minimum Clearance Between Conductors From Surface m ft mm in. mm in. 1000 2.7 9 150 6 50 2 1000 4.5 15 300 12 50 2 300 1.4 41?2 75 3 50 2 1000 1.4 41?2* 65 21?2 25 1 *Where not exposed to weather. 230.52 Individual Conductors Entering Buildings or Other Structures. Where individual open conductors enter a building or other structure, they shall enter through roof bushings or through the wall in an upward slant through individual, noncombustible, nonabsorbent insulating tubes. Drip loops shall be formed on the conductors before they enter the tubes. 230.53 Raceways to Drain. Where exposed to the weather, raceways enclosing service-entrance conductors shall be listed or approved for use in wet locations and arranged to drain. Where embedded in masonry, raceways shall be arranged to drain. 230.54 Overhead Service Locations. (A) Service Head. Service raceways shall be equipped with a service head at the point of connection to service-drop or overhead service conductors. The service head shall be listed for use in wet locations. (B) Service-Entrance Cables Equipped with Service Head or Gooseneck. Service-entrance cables shall be equipped with a service head. The service head shall be listed for use in wet locations. Exception: Type SE cable shall be permitted to be formed in a gooseneck and taped with a self- sealing weather-resistant thermoplastic. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Type SE service-entrance cables can be installed without a service head (weatherhead) if they are run continuously from a utility pole to metering or service equipment, or if they are shaped in a downward direction (forming a ?gooseneck?) and sealed with self- sealing weather-resistant tape, as shown in the exhibit below. Service Heads and Goosenecks Above Service-Drop or Overhead Service Attachment. Service heads on raceways or service-entrance cables and goosenecks in service- entrance cables shall be located above the point of attachment of the service-drop or overhead service conductors to the building or other structure. Exception: Where it is impracticable to locate the service head or gooseneck above the point of attachment, the service head or gooseneck location shall be permitted not farther than 600 mm (24 in.) from the point of attachment. Secured. Service-entrance cables shall be held securely in place. Separately Bushed Openings. Service heads shall have conductors of different potential brought out through separately bushed openings. Exception: For jacketed multiconductor service-entrance cable without splice. Drip Loops. Drip loops shall be formed on individual conductors. To prevent the entrance of moisture, service-entrance conductors shall be connected to the service-drop or overhead service conductors either (1) below the level of the service head or (2) below the level of the termination of the service-entrance cable sheath. Arranged That Water Will Not Enter Service Raceway or Equipment. Service-entrance and overhead service conductors shall be arranged so that water will not enter service raceway or equipment. 230.56 Service Conductor with the Higher Voltage to Ground. On a 4-wire, delta-connected service where the midpoint of one phase winding is grounded, the service conductor having the higher phase voltage to ground shall be durably and permanently marked by an outer finish that is orange in color, or by other effective means, at each termination or junction point. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse The unique marking of the service conductor with the higher voltage to ground provides a warning of a potential hazard; connection to this higher voltage (208 volts to ground) conductor can damage equipment or injure personnel. The marking should be at both the point of connection to the service-drop or lateral conductors and the point of connection to the service disconnecting means. See also 408.3(E) and (F) for phase arrangement requirements and for equipment labeling reflecting the presence of a high leg. Part V. Service Equipment ? General 230.62 Service Equipment ? Enclosed or Guarded. Energized parts of service equipment shall be enclosed as specified in 230.62(A) or guarded as specified in 230.62(B). (A) Enclosed. Energized parts shall be enclosed so that they will not be exposed to accidental contact or shall be guarded as in 230.62(B). (B) Guarded. Energized parts that are not enclosed shall be installed on a switchboard, panelboard, or control board and guarded in accordance with 110.18 and 110.27. Where energized parts are guarded as provided in 110.27(A)(1) and (A)?(2), a means for locking or sealing doors providing access to energized parts shall be provided. (C) Barriers. Barriers shall be placed in service equipment such that no uninsulated, ungrounded service busbar or service terminal is exposed to inadvertent contact by persons or maintenance equipment while servicing load terminations with the service disconnect in the open position. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse If disconnecting or de-energizing the service conductors supplying a service panelboard, switchboard, or switchgear is infeasible, it might be necessary for a qualified person (according to NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace) to work on that equipment with the load terminals de-energized but with the service bus still energized. Barriers provide physical separation (adequate distance or an obstacle) between load terminals and the service busbars and terminals. This provides some measure of safety against inadvertent contact with line-energized parts during maintenance and installation of new feeders or branch circuits. Barriers are not necessary in most multi-section switchboards and switchgear because the line-side conductors and busbars are not in the same section as the load terminals. 230.66 Marking. (A) General. Service equipment rated at 1000 volts or less shall be marked to identify it as being suitable for use as service equipment. All service equipment shall be listed or field evaluated. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse ?Suitable for Use as Service Equipment (SUSE)? is a common marking found on equipment that can be used at the service location. The marking indicates that the equipment meets service equipment suitability requirements in the applicable product standard (i.e., panelboard, switchboard, enclosed switch, or other equipment product standard). The marking ?Suitable Only for Use as Service Equipment? indicates that the grounded conductor or neutral terminal bus is not able to be electrically isolated from the metal equipment enclosure. That inability precludes most feeder applications for this equipment where the equipment grounding terminals and the grounded conductor terminals are required to be electrically isolated. (B) Meter Sockets. Meter sockets shall not be considered service equipment but shall be listed and rated for the voltage and current rating of the service. Exception: Meter sockets supplied by and under the exclusive control of an electric utility shall not be required to be listed. 230.67 Surge Protection. (A) Surge-Protective Device. All services supplying the following occupancies shall be provided with a surge- protective device (SPD): * (1) Dwelling units * (2) Dormitory units * (3) Guest rooms and guest suites of hotels and motels * (4) Areas of nursing homes and limited-care facilities used exclusively as patient sleeping rooms Informational Note: See 517.10(B)(2). ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Sensitive electronics and systems found in modern appliances, safety devices [e.g., arc- fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs), ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), and smoke alarms], and other equipment used in dwellings warrant protection by surge-protective devices. Additionally, the increased use of distributed energy resources within electrical systems creates more opportunity for the introduction of or greater exposure to surges in the system. (B) Location. The SPD shall be an integral part of the service equipment or shall be located immediately adjacent thereto. Exception: The SPD shall not be required to be located at the service equipment as required in 230.67(B) if located at each next level distribution equipment downstream toward the load. (C) Type. The SPD shall be a Type 1 or Type 2 SPD. (D) Replacement. Where service equipment is replaced, all of the requirements of this section shall apply. (E) Ratings. SPDs shall have a nominal discharge current rating (In) of not less than 10kA. Part VI. Service Equipment ? Disconnecting Means 230.70 General. Means shall be provided to disconnect all ungrounded conductors in a building or other structure from the service conductors. (A) Location. The service disconnecting means shall be instal?led in accordance with 230.70(A)(1), (A)(2), and (A)(3). (1) Readily Accessible Location. The service disconnecting means shall be installed at a readily accessible location either outside of a building or structure or inside nearest the point of entrance of the service conductors. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse No maximum distance between the point of entrance of service conductors to a readily accessible location for the installation of a service disconnecting means is specified. The authority enforcing the NEC is responsible for the decision on how far inside the building the service-entrance conductors are allowed to travel to the service disconnecting means. The length of service-entrance conductors should be kept to a minimum inside buildings. There is an increased fire hazard because power utilities provide limited overcurrent protection. Some local jurisdictions specify a maximum length that service-entrance conductors may be run within the building before terminating at the disconnecting means. If the AHJ determines the distance to be excessive, the disconnecting means may be required to be located on the outside of the building or near the building at a readily accessible location. (2) Bathrooms. Service disconnecting means shall not be installed in bathrooms. (3) Remote Control. Where a remote control device(s) is used to actuate the service disconnecting means, the service disconnecting means shall be located in accordance with 230.70(A)(1). (B) Marking. Each service disconnect shall be permanently marked to identify it as a service disconnect. (C) Suitable for Use. Each service disconnecting means shall be suitable for the prevailing conditions. Service equipment installed in hazardous (classified) locations shall comply with the hazardous location requirements. 230.71 Maximum Number of Disconnects. Each service shall have only one disconnecting means unless the requirements of 230.71(B) are met. (A) General. For the purpose of this section, disconnecting means installed as part of listed equipment and used solely for the following shall not be considered a service disconnecting means: * (1) Power monitoring equipment * (2) Surge-protective device(s) * (3) Control circuit of the ground-fault protection system * (4) Power-operable service disconnecting means (B) Two to Six Service Disconnecting Means. Two to six service disconnects shall be permitted for each service permitted by 230.2 or for each set of service-entrance conductors permitted by 230.40, Exception No. 1, 3, 4, or 5. The two to six service disconnecting means shall be permitted to consist of a combination of any of the following: * (1) Separate enclosures with a main service disconnecting means in each enclosure * (2) Panelboards with a main service disconnecting means in each panelboard enclosure * (3) Switchboard(s) where there is only one service disconnect in each separate vertical section with barriers provided between each vertical section to maintain the inadvertent contact protection required in 230.62 based on access from the adjacent section(s) * (4) Service disconnects in switchgear, transfer switches, or metering centers where each disconnect is located in a separate compartment * (5) Metering centers with a main service disconnecting means in each metering center * (6) Motor control center(s) where there is only one service disconnect in a motor control center unit and a maximum of two service disconnects provided in a single motor control center with barriers provided between each motor control center unit or compartment containing a service disconnect to maintain the inadvertent contact protection required in 230.62 based on access from adjacent motor control center unit(s) or compartment(s) Exception to (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6): Existing service equipment, installed in compliance with previous editions of this Code that permitted multiple service disconnecting means in a single enclosure, section, or compartment, shall be permitted to contain a maximum of six service disconnecting means. Informational Note No. 1: See UL 67, Standard for Panelboards, for information on metering centers. Informational Note No. 2: Examples of separate enclosures with a main service disconnecting means in each enclosure include but are not limited to motor control centers, fused disconnects, and circuit breaker enclosures. Informational Note No. 3: Transfer switches are provided with one service disconnect or multiple service disconnects in separate compartments. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse In general, a service should have a single disconnecting means. However, one set of service-entrance conductors is permitted to supply a group of two to six separate service disconnecting means in lieu of a single main disconnect. Both single-occupancy and multiple-occupancy buildings can be provided with one main service disconnect or up to six separate main disconnects for each set of service-entrance conductors. Conductors from renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic systems and wind generators, are service conductors. Where alternative energy systems are run in parallel with a utility source, see Article 705. Multiple-occupancy buildings may have service-entrance conductors run to each occupancy, and each such set of service-entrance conductors may have from one to six separate disconnects (see 230.40, Exception No. 1). Shown below is a single enclosure for grouping service equipment that consists of separate compartments for six circuit breakers or six fused switches. This arrangement does not require a single main service disconnecting means if they are in separate compartments. Some factory-installed switches that disconnect power to ancillary devices that are included as part of listed equipment do not count as one of the six service disconnecting means. Revising the permission for up to six service disconnects to require each disconnecting means to be installed in separate enclosures or separate compartments allows an installer/maintainer to operate a single disconnect that de-energizes conductors and circuit parts except for the line side of the disconnecting means. This enhances safety by reducing the likelihood of an incident with energized conductors or circuit parts in the service equipment. 230.72 Grouping of Disconnects. (A) General. The two to six disconnects, if permitted in 230.71, shall be grouped. Each disconnect shall be marked to indicate the load served. Exception: One of the two to six service disconnecting means permitted in 230.71, where used only for a water pump also intended to provide fire protection, shall be permitted to be located remote from the other disconnecting means. If remotely installed in accordance with this exception, a plaque shall be posted at the location of the remaining grouped disconnects denoting its location. (B) Additional Service Disconnecting Means. The one or more additional service disconnecting means for fire pumps, emergency systems, legally required standby, or optional standby services permitted by 230.2 shall be installed remote from the one to six service disconnecting means for normal service to minimize the possibility of simultaneous interruption of supply. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse The AHJ is responsible for determining what is a sufficiently remote location for the additional service disconnecting means. (C) Access to Occupants. In a multiple-occupancy building, each occupant shall have access to the occupant?s service disconnecting means. Exception: In a multiple-occupancy building where electric service and electrical maintenance are provided by the building management and where these are under continuous building management supervision, the service disconnecting means supplying more than one occupancy shall be permitted to be accessible to authorized management personnel only. 230.74 Simultaneous Opening of Poles. Each service disconnect shall simultaneously disconnect all ungrounded service conductors that it controls from the premises wiring system. 230.75 Disconnection of Grounded Conductor. Where the service disconnecting means does not disconnect the grounded conductor from the premises wiring, other means shall be provided for this purpose in the service equipment. A terminal or bus to which all grounded conductors can be attached by means of pressure connectors shall be permitted for this purpose. In a multisection switchboard or switchgear, disconnects for the grounded conductor shall be permitted to be in any section of the switchboard or switchgear, if the switchboard or switchgear section is marked to indicate a grounded conductor disconnect is located within. Informational Note: In switchgear or multisection switchboards, the disconnecting means provided for the grounded conductor is typically identified as a neutral disconnect link and is typically located in the bus to which the service grounded conductor is connected. 230.76 Manually or Power Operable. The service disconnecting means for ungrounded service conductors shall consist of one of the following: * (1) A manually operable switch or circuit breaker equipped with a handle or other suitable operating means * (2) A power-operated switch or circuit breaker, provided the switch or circuit breaker can be opened by hand in the event of a power supply failure 230.77 Indicating. The service disconnecting means shall plainly indicate whether it is in the open (off) or closed (on) position. 230.79 Rating of Service Disconnecting Means. The service disconnecting means shall have a rating not less than the calculated load to be carried, determined in accordance with Part III, IV, or V of Article 220, as applicable. In no case shall the rating be lower than specified in 230.79(A), (B), (C), or (D). (A) One-Circuit Installations. For installations to supply only limited loads of a single branch circuit, the service disconnecting means shall have a rating of not less than 15 amperes. (B) Two-Circuit Installations. For installations consisting of not more than two 2-wire branch circuits, the service disconnecting means shall have a rating of not less than 30 amperes. (C) One-Family Dwellings. For a one-family dwelling, the service disconnecting means shall have a rating of not less than 100 amperes, 3-wire. (D) All Others. For all other installations, the service disconnecting means shall have a rating of not less than 60 amperes. 230.80 Combined Rating of Disconnects. Where the service disconnecting means consists of more than one switch or circuit breaker, as permitted by 230.71, the combined ratings of all the switches or circuit breakers used shall not be less than the rating required by 230.79. 230.81 Connection to Terminals. The service conductors shall be connected to the service disconnecting means by pressure connectors, clamps, or other approved means. Connections that depend on solder shall not be used. 230.82 Equipment Connected to the Supply Side of Service Disconnect. Only the following equipment shall be permitted to be connected to the supply side of the service disconnecting means: * (1) Cable limiters. * (2) Meters and meter sockets nominally rated not in excess of 1000 volts, if all metal housings and service enclosures are grounded in accordance with Part VII and bonded in accordance with Part V of Article 250. * (3) Meter disconnect switches nominally rated not in excess of 1000 volts that have a short-circuit current rating equal to or greater than the available fault current, if all metal housings and service enclosures are grounded in accordance with Part VII and bonded in accordance with Part V of Article 250. A meter disconnect switch shall be capable of interrupting the load served. A meter disconnect shall be legibly field marked on its exterior in a manner suitable for the environment as follows: METER DISCONNECT NOT SERVICE EQUIPMENT * (4) Instrument transformers (current and voltage), impedance shunts, load management devices, surge arresters, and Type 1 surge-protective devices. * (5) Conductors used to supply energy management systems, circuits for standby power systems, fire pump equipment, and fire and sprinkler alarms, if provided with service equipment and installed in accordance with requirements for service-entrance conductors. * (6) Solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cell systems, wind electric systems, energy storage systems, or interconnected electric power production sources, if provided with a disconnecting means listed as suitable for use as service equipment, and overcurrent protection as specified in Part VII of Article 230. * (7) Control circuits for power-operable service disconnecting means, if suitable overcurrent protection and disconnecting means are provided. * (8) Ground-fault protection systems or Type 2 surge-protective devices, where installed as part of listed equipment, if suitable overcurrent protection and disconnecting means are provided. * (9) Connections used only to supply listed communications equipment under the exclusive control of the serving electric utility, if suitable overcurrent protection and disconnecting means are provided. For installations of equipment by the serving electric utility, a disconnecting means is not required if the supply is installed as part of a meter socket, such that access can only be gained with the meter removed. * (10) Emergency disconnects in accordance with 230.85(B)(2) and (B)(3), if all metal housings and enclosures are grounded in accordance with Part VII and bonded in accordance with Part V of Article 250. * (11) Meter-mounted transfer switches nominally rated not in excess of 1000 volts that have a short-circuit current rating equal to or greater than the available fault current. A meter-mounted transfer switch shall be listed and be capable of transferring the load served. A meter-mounted transfer switch shall be marked on its exterior with both of the following: o a. Meter-mounted transfer switch o b. Not service equipment * (12) Control power circuits for protective relays where installed as part of listed equipment, if overcurrent protection and disconnecting means are provided. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse (1) Cable limiters. Cable limiters or other current-limiting devices are often applied ahead of the service disconnecting means for the following reasons: 1. To individually isolate faulted cable(s) from the remainder of the circuit or paralleled set of conductors 2. To maintain continuity of service even though one or more cables are faulted 3. To reduce the possibility of severe equipment damage or burndown as a result of a fault on the service conductors 4. To provide protection against high short-circuit currents for services and to provide compliance with 110.10 (3) Meter disconnect switches. The meter disconnect is not the service disconnecting means. It is a load-brea