Curriculum Approaches, Methods, and Strategies PDF

Republic of the Philippines CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY Don Severino de las Alas Campus Indang, Cavite WRITTEN REPORT Curriculum Approaches, Methods and Strategies By: LASTICA, RAINIER S....

Republic of the Philippines CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY Don Severino de las Alas Campus Indang, Cavite WRITTEN REPORT Curriculum Approaches, Methods and Strategies By: LASTICA, RAINIER S. LEDESMA, ELIJAH KEITH A. MAESTRO, STEPHEN DARRYL P. MAHILUM, JOHN MICHAEL H. OCTOBER 2024  Curriculum Approaches, Methods and Strategies LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Define the various curriculum approaches 2. Define the principles in selecting methods and strategies 3. identify the strengths and weaknesses of different teaching methods and strategies What is a Curriculum Approach? A curriculum approach demonstrates the perspectives of curriculum designers and developers as well as the roles of instructors, students, and curriculum specialists in curriculum creation. It also contains the curriculum's aims and objectives. The following are the four curriculum approaches: o Behavioral Approach o Managerial Approach o Systems Approach o Humanistic Approach BEHAVIORAL APPROACH: § This is predicated on a design that outlines goals and objectives and arranges activities and materials to support the learning objectives. The initial goals and objectives are used to evaluate the learning outcomes. Frederick Taylor's concept, which aims for efficiency, was the foundation for this strategy. Setting goals or objectives is the first step in educational plans that use a behavioral approach. These are crucial components for implementing the curriculum and assessing learning results, such as behavioral changes. The change in behavior measures the accomplishment. MANAGERIAL APPROACH: § This model's curriculum leader and instructional leader is the principal, who also serves as the general manager. The general manager plans and organizes curriculum and instruction sets priorities and policies, and determines the course of innovation and change. Organization and execution are more important to school administrators than content. They care more about enhancing the curriculum than they do about the subject content, approaches, and resources. As they manage the resources and reorganize the schools, curriculum managers consider innovations and curriculum modifications. Some of the roles of the Curriculum Supervisors are the following: § help develop the school's education goals § plan curriculum with students, parents, teachers, and other stakeholders § design programs of study by grade levels § plan or schedule classes or school calendar § prepare curriculum guides or teacher guides by grade level or subject area § help in the evaluation and selection of textbooks § observe teachers § assist teachers in the implementation of the curriculum § encourage curriculum innovation and change § develop standards for curriculum and instructional evaluation SYSTEMS APPROACH: Systems theory, which looks at how the various components of a school or school district relate to one another, had an impact on this. The school's organizational chart is an example of a systems approach. It displays how choices are made and the interactions between employees and line staff. Administration, counseling, curriculum, education, and evaluation are all equally important. HUMANISTIC APPROACH: This strategy has its roots in the child-centered movement and progressive philosophy. It takes into account both the intended or formal curriculum as well as the unplanned or hidden curriculum. It takes into account the whole child and holds that the main focus of the curriculum should be on the individual's overall development. The curriculum places the student at its core. Principles in Selecting Methods and Strategies for Curriculum 1 Alignment with Learning Goals Methods and strategies should directly support the curriculum's learning objectives. For instance, if the goal is to develop critical thinking, strategies like case studies, debates, or problem-based learning are well-suited because they actively engage students in analysis and evaluation. 2. Student-Centered Learning Effective strategies should consider students' needs, interests, and learning styles. Student- centered approaches like cooperative learning, inquiry-based learning, and differentiated instruction allow students to take ownership of their learning, which can improve retention and engagement. 3. Adaptability and Flexibility Curricular methods should be adaptable to different learning contexts and unexpected changes. Hybrid and blended learning, for example, offer flexibility to accommodate diverse learning environments, especially with the growing importance of digital resources and online learning. 4. Inclusivity and Accessibility It’s essential to select strategies that make learning accessible to all students, including those with varying abilities and backgrounds. For example, teachers can provide materials in both Filipino and English to help students understand better. They can also use pictures, hands- on activities, and group work so students with different learning styles can all participate easily. 5. Feedback and Assessment Methods should incorporate formative assessments and provide feedback mechanisms. This enables both teachers and students to gauge progress, adjust as needed, and ensure the method or strategy is effective in achieving learning outcomes. 6. Evidence-Based Practices Choosing methods with proven effectiveness enhances the likelihood of successful learning outcomes. Strategies supported by recent research, like active learning techniques and technology integration, are often more impactful than traditional lectures. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of different teaching methods and strategies Presentation Methods These methods of teaching under this group essentially aim to provide information to classroom teachers. The strengths can incorporate visual aids (slides, charts, videos) to enhance understanding and retention of information.  The weaknesses often leads to passive learning, as students may not engage actively with the material or participate in discussions. Demonstration Methods These methods are means for modeling the right techniques or procedures, and are used for skills learning. The strengths provides a clear visual representation of concepts, making it easier for students to understand and retain information. The weaknesses may result in passive learning if students are primarily observers rather than active participants in the demonstration. Reading Methods Teachers should show that these methods are vehicles for getting information. When learners lack adequate background knowledge on the subject matter to be discussed in the class. The strengths emphasizes understanding the meaning of text, which enhances critical thinking and analytical skills. The weaknesses students may have different levels of reading proficiency, making it challenging to meet all learners' needs within a single method. Instructional Strategies type of learning technique a teacher uses to help students learn or gain a better understanding of the course material. The strengths many instructional strategies, such as collaborative learning and active learning, encourage student participation, making lessons more interactive and engaging The weaknesses can be time-consuming to implement and may require significant preparation and adaptation, which can pose challenges for educators in managing diverse learning needs. Blended Learning This allows students to work at their own pace, research their ideas and become more physically engaged during lessons. The strengths offers students the ability to learn at their own pace and access materials anytime and anywhere, accommodating different schedules and learning styles. The weaknesses requires reliable access to technology and the internet, which can create disparities among students with different resources. Experential Learning Experiential learning uses real-world experience to learn by doing. The strengths fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills as students navigate real-life scenarios. The weaknesses in the quality of learning can depend on the specific experiences and opportunities available, which may not be consistent for all students.  References https://www.sajaipuriacollege.ac.in/pdf/education/curriculum-approachers.pdf https://olga-curriculum.blogspot.com/2009/02/curriculum-approaches.html CAST. (2018). Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.cast.org https://www.teacherph.com/methods-classroom- teaching/?fbclid=IwY2xjawGMQKtleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHbodQ9mZ2NFfF852RTujHTgodWkVJEM GXT4dmj8qZRpTBwz69WIGUi-3bQ_aem_58G6pNnvIND461U_9zDiGg https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/strategies-for-teachers https://tophat.com/blog/instructional-strategies/