World War 2 Test Review PDF

Key Terms 1. Anti-Semitism: Hatred or prejudice against Jews. 2. Appeasement: Giving in to an aggressor to avoid conflict, like Britain and France with Nazi Germany. 3. Axis Powers: Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII. 4. Battle of Britain: Air battle between the German...

Key Terms 1. Anti-Semitism: Hatred or prejudice against Jews. 2. Appeasement: Giving in to an aggressor to avoid conflict, like Britain and France with Nazi Germany. 3. Axis Powers: Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII. 4. Battle of Britain: Air battle between the German Luftwaffe and British RAF in 1940. 5. Battle of Hong Kong: Japan's attack on British-controlled Hong Kong in 1941. 6. Battle of Ortona: A bloody battle in Italy fought by Canadian forces in 1943. 7. Battle of the Atlantic: Struggle to control supply routes across the Atlantic Ocean. 8. Battle of the Scheldt: Canadian-led battle to clear German forces from the Scheldt River in Belgium. 9. BCATP: British Commonwealth Air Training Plan that trained Allied pilots in Canada. 10. Black Christmas: Refers to the day Hong Kong fell to Japan on December 25, 1941. 11. Blackshirts: Mussolini’s paramilitary group in Fascist Italy. 12. Blitzkrieg: "Lightning war" tactics used by Germany for quick victories. 13. Concentration Camps: Places where Nazis imprisoned and killed millions, especially Jews. 14. D-Day: June 6, 1944, Allied invasion of Normandy to liberate France. 15. Dictator: A ruler with absolute power, like Hitler or Mussolini. 16. Dieppe: A failed 1942 Allied raid on the French port of Dieppe. 17. Dunkirk: Massive evacuation of Allied troops from France in 1940. 18. Enemy Aliens: People from enemy countries living in Canada during the war. 19. Enigma: German code machine cracked by Allied cryptographers. 20. Fascism: Far-right political system with dictatorship and extreme nationalism. 21. Genocide: Mass killing of a group based on race, religion, or ethnicity. 22. Gestapo: Nazi Germany’s secret police. 23. Hiroshima: Japanese city destroyed by an atomic bomb in August 1945. 24. Holocaust: The Nazi-led genocide of six million Jews during WWII. 25. Internment Camps: Places where "enemy aliens" were detained in Canada. 26. Isolationism: Policy of staying out of international conflicts. 27. Italian Campaign: Allied efforts to capture Italy from the Axis Powers. 28. Juno Beach: Canadian landing site on D-Day. 29. Kristallnacht: "Night of Broken Glass" in 1938, a Nazi attack on Jewish businesses and synagogues. 30. Lebensraum: Nazi policy of expanding territory for German living space. 31. Luftwaffe: German Air Force during WWII. 32. Manhattan Project: Secret U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb. 33. Munich Agreement: 1938 deal letting Germany annex Sudetenland in exchange for peace. 34. Nagasaki: Japanese city hit by the second atomic bomb in August 1945. 35. Non-Aggression Pact: Agreement between Germany and the USSR not to attack each other (later broken by Germany).  36. Normandy: Region in France where D-Day landings occurred. 37. Operation Barbarossa: Germany’s failed invasion of the Soviet Union. 38. Operation Overlord: Code name for the D-Day invasion. 39. Pearl Harbor: U.S. naval base attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941. 40. Penicillin: Antibiotic widely used during WWII to treat infections. 41. Phony War: Early phase of WWII when little fighting occurred in Europe. 42. Radar: Technology used to detect enemy aircraft. 43. Sudetenland: Region of Czechoslovakia annexed by Germany in 1938. 44. The Blitz: German bombing campaign against Britain in 1940-1941. 45. Total War: War that involves all resources and civilians in the war effort. 46. Totalitarian State: Government with total control over all aspects of life. 47. V-2: German long-range rocket used against Allied cities. 48. VE Day: Victory in Europe Day, May 8, 1945, marking Germany’s surrender. 49. VJ Day: Victory over Japan Day, August 15, 1945, marking Japan’s surrender. Short Answer Review 1. Explain how airplanes were used differently in WWII compared to WWI. ○ In WWI, planes were mainly for reconnaissance and basic combat. In WWII, they were used for bombing, transporting troops, and advanced air battles. 2. Churchill’s Quote: "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few." ○ a. "So much" refers to the defense of Britain against the Nazis. ○ b. "So many" refers to the British population. ○ c. "So few" refers to the Royal Air Force (RAF) pilots. 3. Causes of WWII and its immediate trigger. ○ Causes: Treaty of Versailles, economic depression, rise of fascism, and failure of appeasement. ○ Immediate cause: Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939. 4. Final Solution and how it was implemented. ○ The Final Solution was the Nazi plan to exterminate Jews, carried out through death camps, mass shootings, and gas chambers. 5. How Hitler took revenge on France in 1940. ○ He invaded and occupied France, forcing its surrender in the same railcar where Germany had signed the WWI armistice. 6. Importance of the Battle of the Atlantic. ○ It ensured the Allies could get supplies and troops across the Atlantic, vital for their success. 7. Operation Barbarossa. ○ Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union. It failed due to poor planning and the harsh winter, turning the tide of the war. 8. Dec 7, 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor. ○ Japan bombed the U.S. naval base, bringing the U.S. into WWII. It was a strategic success for Japan but a long-term failure as it rallied the U.S. to join the Allies.