Aging of the Skeletal & Muscular Systems (BIO100C1) PDF

AGING of THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Fall, '24 1  Skeletal System 206 bones ~ 50% body weight Calcium phosphate = nonliving matrix Bone is living...

AGING of THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Fall, '24 1  Skeletal System 206 bones ~ 50% body weight Calcium phosphate = nonliving matrix Bone is living tissue! PRIMARY Aging CONCERN brittleness with aging Fall, '24 2  Functions of Bone Framework Muscle attachment points Vital organ protection: skull, spinal chord, rib cage Ca, Na, P, K storage Blood cell formation site = bone marrow Fall, '24 3  Bone is Modified Throughout Life Cartilage Osteoblasts -ossification Osteoclasts - bone resorption Osteopenia? Fall, '24 4  OSTEOPOROSIS “Porous Bone” increased bone resorption rate  estrogen  osteoblast function Fall, '24 5  Evolution & Osteoporosis “Porous Bone” Fall, '24 6  OSTEOPOROSIS 1 Disease of Elderly Wome n.... (men start with greater bone 65% of women mass) > 65 yrs 25% w hip fracture die in < 1 yr 80% of femur 80% have severe mobility fractures issues  collagen +  mineral   brittleness Fall, '24 7  OSTEOPOROSIS 2 A Tiny Stumble, A Life Upended 3 Afraid of Falling? The Dutch Have a Cure Fall, '24 8  OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION TREATMENT Milk ERT? Ca Tablets 2 Exercise/ 1 A Perfect Storm 12 minutes of Yoga for Broken Bon es NUTRITION- Ca & Vit D for absorption Fall, '24 9  OSTEOPOROSIS HIP REPLACEMENT Severe Arthritis? Major surgery? Recovery is a challenge ADVANCES in Biomedical TECHNOLOGY 90-95% pain free for 10 yrs 80% probability of lasting 20 yrs 3 It's Not Your Parent's Hip Surge ry Fall, '24 10  Joints are Articulation Points united by ligaments synovial joints- permit movement synovial membrane- lines capsule, secrete synovial fluid ARTHRITIS -inflammation of joints Fall, '24 11  Arthriti s We’ll Focus on 2 Main Types: OA and RA 1 Gout is Now Tormenting... Fall, '24 12  Arthri tis Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoimmune- inflammation of synovial membrane Genetic- most common in women Small joints- hands, feet, wrists, ankles, elbows Surgery NSAIDS* anti-TNFa *Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory DrugS Fall, '24 13  Arthritis Osteoarthritis Degeneration of articular cartilage Bony spur formation Lower limbs, vertebral fusion 2 Don't Take Osteoarthritis Lying Down Fall, '24 14  Arthritis Treatments NSAIDS Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs ASPIRIN, IBUPROFEN bleeding, ulcers COX INHIBITORS? (Vioxx, Celebrex) NO ulcers, but…. STEROIDS prednisone Surgery Biologic Anti-inflammatory Drugs neutralize TNFa 3 How a Drug... Fall, '24 15  Reduced Mobility with Aging Use it or Lose it 1 Born to Move 1-3 "Got a Meeting, Take a Walk" Fall, '24 The Aging of Muscle 2 Preventing Muscle Loss as We Age Fall, '24 17  Muscle Types Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Fall, '24 18  Muscular System Contraction 700 skeletal muscles They are contractile cells Contraction can move bones or constrict tubes AGING CONCERNS Loss of tone, coordination Decreased muscle mass SARCOPENIA Fall, '24 19 Muscle Cells / Myocytes / Muscle Fibers myocytes long (12"), thin tubular cells, multinucleated, striated (bands) myocytes are packed with myofibrils (contractile units) myofibrils are made of the myofilaments actin & myosin Fall, '24 20  Skeletal Muscle Contraction Neuromuscular Interaction Acetylcholine neurotransmitter 1-3 Video Actin-Myosin Interaction sliding filament theory  shortening of myofibrils  of fibers (of cells)  of muscle = CONTRACTION Fall, '24 21  Skeletal Muscle May Be Composed of 3 Types of Muscle Cells slow-twitch fast-twitch contract slowly contract fast intermediate- resist fatigue fatigue fast twitch more mitochondria % vary based fewer mitochondria on genetics exercise builds muscle protein   actin & myosin production fast twitch is lost first 3 How Exercise Can Keep Aging Muscles.... Fall, '24 22 Skeletal Muscle Problems Relationship between age &: (A) muscle cross-sectional area (B) the total number of muscle fibers. 1 SARCOPENIA Williams G N et al. PHYS THER 2002;82:62-68 2 The Race is On..... Fall, '24 23  Smooth Muscle Features lacks striations involuntary control less organized slower, rhythmic contractions Esophagus Stomach Intestine Blood Vessels Fall, '24 24  Smooth Muscle Problems Diverticulitis Diverticula (sacs, pouches) Hernia 3 Can I Ever Recover from Diverticulitis... Fall, '24 25  Cardiac Muscle Features involuntary control intercalated disks spontaneous rhythmic contractions striated Fall, '24 26  Cardiac Muscle & Aging Fat accumulation   conductance Coronary Artery Disease Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Myocardial Infarction HEART ATTACK! Fall, '24 27  AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE  Strength  Endurance  Coordination  Reaction Time EXERCISE DELAYS PROGRESSION 1-3 Is Aerobic Exercise the Key to Successful Aging? Fall, '24 28  How Much Exercise is Enough? AEROBIC Sustained maximum heart rate Daily Variety Trends: The Super Short Workout Fall, '24 29  Age-Associated Muscle Disorder Parkinson’s Disease  Dopamine production needed to balance acetylcholine  coordination of muscle innervation tremors stiffness slowness Michael J. Fox Fall, '24 More coverage in nervous system section…. 30