STD.PDF

SEX UA LL Y Transmitted D ISE AS E By: Ms. Jae Rosie Anne H. Banuag Definition caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are spread mainly by sexual contact. STIs are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Most STIs are A sexua...

SEX UA LL Y Transmitted D ISE AS E By: Ms. Jae Rosie Anne H. Banuag Definition caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are spread mainly by sexual contact. STIs are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Most STIs are A sexually transmitted infection may preventable. pass from person to person in blood, The more a person knows about semen, or vaginal and other bodily STIs, the better prepared they are for prevention. fluids. Statistic There were more than 2.5 million deaths each year (WHO, 2024) New Syphilis cases (15-49 yrs old) - increased by over 1 million to 0.71 million. Infections that accounts for over 1 million daily: Syphilis gonorrhea chlamydia Trichomoniasis Data shows that STIs are increasing in many regions.  Causes and Transmission can spread through anal, vaginal, and oral Chlamydia sex can spread to a baby during childbirth. Chlamydia trachomatis Symptoms usually appear around 7-21 days Everything Usually asymptomatic Rectal pain change in vaginal Rectal bleeding discharge rectal discharge burning pain (urination) you should know  Diagnosis Chlamydia Examination includes sample, swab sample from the urine penis, cervix, urethra, throat, or rectum. Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia screening Everything sexually active females under 25 years of age and those 25 you should years or older if at high risk males who are in a high-risk group know males who have sex with males people with HIV who are sexually active  Treatment Seek immediate help Chlamydia typically prescribe antibiotics Azithromycin Doxycycline Chlamydia trachomatis Amoxicillin retesting at least every 3 Everything months after treatment. refrain from sex for 7 days Inform your partner within 60 you should days from your sexual contact. May recommend treatment for gonorrhea as two infections can know occur.  Prevention Chlamydia using condoms, or other barrier methods, correctly consistently and Chlamydia trachomatis limiting the number of sexual partners Everything having a sexual relationship in which both partners are monogamous you should regular screening avoiding sex until treatment of all partners is complete know  Types of Lice Pediculus humanus capitis: head lice Pediculus humanus corporis: body lice Phthirus pubis: pubic lice  Causes and Transmission can spread during close physical contact Crab Louse Shared via towels or bed linen Does not spread via toilet seat Phthirus pubis Symptoms Intense itching in the pubic area. Everything Visible lice or eggs (nits) attached to hair. Blue or gray spots on the skin from bites. you should know  Treatment Use over-the-counter lice treatments (permethrin or pyrethrin-based). Crab Louse Wash all clothes, bedding, and towels in hot water and dry on high heat. Phthirus pubis Prevention Everything Avoid sharing personal items like towels or clothing. Regular hygiene checks and prompt treatment if lice are suspected. you should know  Causes and Transmission Caused by the bacterium Neisseria Gonorrhea gonorrhoeae. Transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Can be passed from mother to baby during childbirth. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Everything Symptoms Men: Painful urination, discharge from the penis, testicular pain. you should Women: Painful urination, increased vaginal discharge, pelvic pain. Many individuals are asymptomatic but still infectious. know  Treatment Antibiotics (current standard: a single Gonorrhea injection of ceftriaxone). Prompt treatment prevents complications like infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Everything Prevention Use condoms during sexual you should activity. Regular STI testing for sexually active individuals. know Limit number of sexual partners and maintain open communication about STI status.  Causes and Transmission Caused by a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells (T cells).- HIV retrovirus Transmitted through: Unprotected sex with an infected partner. Sharing needles or syringes. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mother-to-child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Blood transfusions (rare in countries Everything with proper screening). you should Symptoms Acute Phase: Flu-like symptoms (fever, rash, know sore throat) within 2-4 weeks of exposure. Chronic Phase: Asymptomatic period where the virus multiplies slowly. Progression to AIDS Severe weight loss, infections, and cancers due to weakened immunity.  Treatment Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV the virus, prevents progression to AIDS, and reduces transmission risk. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Everything Use condoms and practice safe sex. Take Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) if at high risk. Regular testing for early detection. you should Avoid sharing needles and ensure safe medical practices. know  Causes and Transmission Caused by a group of viruses with HPV over 100 strains. Transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, primarily during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Some strains cause genital warts; Human Papilloma Virus others can lead to cancers (e.g., cervical, throat, or anal). Everything you should Symptoms Low-risk strains Genital warts (small bumps on know genital or anal areas). High-risk strains Often asymptomatic but can lead to precancerous lesions or cancer over time.  Treatment and Prevention No cure for the virus itself, but HPV treatments are available for warts and precancerous changes. Regular screenings (e.g., Pap Human Immunodeficiency Virus smears) to detect and treat abnormalities early. Everything you should Prevention Get vaccinated (e.g., Gardasil) before know sexual activity begins. Use condoms during sexual activity (reduces but doesn’t eliminate risk). Regular screenings for cervical cancer in women.  Causes and Transmission Caused by two types of viruses: HSV-1: Primarily causes oral herpes Herpes (cold sores). HSV-2: Primarily causes genital herpes. Transmitted through direct contact with herpes sores, saliva, genital fluids, or skin- to-skin contact. Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 Can be spread even when no visible sores are present (asymptomatic shedding). Everything you should Symptoms Painful blisters or sores around the mouth, genitals, or anus. know Itching, tingling, or burning sensations before sores appear. Recurrences are common, triggered by stress, illness, or weakened immunity.  Treatment No cure, but antiviral medications (e.g., Herpes acyclovir, valacyclovir) reduce symptoms, shorten outbreaks, and lower transmission risk. Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 Prevention Everything Use condoms and avoid sexual contact during outbreaks. Openly communicate with partners about you should herpes status. Consider daily suppressive therapy for frequent outbreaks or to reduce transmission risk. know  Causes and Transmission Caused by a parasite (Trichomonas vaginalis). Trichomoniasis Transmitted primarily through unprotected vaginal sex. Can infect both men and women, though symptoms are more common in women. Trichomoniasis vaginalis Symptoms Everything you Women Vaginal discharge (frothy, yellow-green, with a strong odor). should know Itching, irritation, or discomfort during urination or sex. Men Often asymptomatic but may have irritation, discharge, or burning during urination.  Treatment Antibiotics, typically metronidazole or Trichomoniasis tinidazole, taken as a single dose. Both partners should be treated to prevent reinfection. Trichomoniasis vaginalis Prevention Everything you Use condoms during sexual activity. Limit sexual partners and ensure mutual should know testing for STIs. Early treatment to prevent complications and further transmission.  Causes and Transmission Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis Transmitted through direct contact with syphilitic sores during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Can also be passed from mother to child during pregnancy (congenital syphilis). Treponema pallidum Everything Symptoms Primary Stage: 21 days Painless chancre sores at the infection site (genitals, mouth, or anus). you should Secondary Stage: 4-10 weeks Skin rashes (often on palms/soles), fever, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat. Latent Stage: Lasts years and decades know No symptoms, but the infection remains in the body and can progress. Tertiary Stage: Severe damage to organs (heart, brain, nerves), leading to complications like paralysis or blindness.  Treatment Penicillin injections are highly Syphilis effective, especially in early stages. Regular follow-up testing to confirm cure. Treponema pallidum Everything Prevention Use condoms during sexual activity. Regular STI testing for sexually active you should individuals. Early prenatal screening and treatment to prevent congenital know syphilis.