What is Human Nature (1).pptx

WHAT IS HUMAN NATURE? Presented by: Esha Javed (526), Hibah Khan (540), Ahmed Raza (429)  CONTENTS What is human nature? Traditional and Western view of human nature The Judeo - Christian version The Darwinian challenge  What is human natur...

WHAT IS HUMAN NATURE? Presented by: Esha Javed (526), Hibah Khan (540), Ahmed Raza (429)  CONTENTS What is human nature? Traditional and Western view of human nature The Judeo - Christian version The Darwinian challenge  What is human nature? Human nature refers to the common set of characteristics, including ways of thinking, feelings, and behaviors that all ‘normal’ humans share. Traditional and Western view of human nature Both traditional and western views emphasize that humans are inherently rational and logical, with reason being a key characteristic that sets us apart from other animals.  Traditional view of human nature Plato’s Theory: Human nature is an imperfect reflection of perfect forms and the human soul has three parts: Reason: This is the part of the soul that thinks and makes wise decisions. Spirit: This part gives us courage and motivation to do things. Appetite: This part is about our desires and wants, like hunger or thirst Plato thought that these three parts should work together, with reason in charge, to live a balanced and virtuous life.  Traditional view of human nature Aristotle’s Theory: Aristotle believed that human nature is teleological, meaning it is oriented towards fulfilling a purpose or end.  western view of human nature Rene Descartes‘s Theory: Descartes introduced the idea of mind - body dualism, viewing human beings as fundamentally thinking things, with a distinction between mind and body.  western view of human nature Thomas Hobbes‘s Theory: Hobbes proposed the theory of social contract, suggesting that human nature is inherently selfish and driven by self - preservation, requiring a strong central authority for social order. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND WESTERN RATIONALIST VERSION TRADITIONAL RATIONALISTS WESTERN RATIONALISTS Plato focused on the Hobbes and Locke, emphasized philosophical aspects of human the social and political aspects nature, such as the soul and its of human nature, including connection to perfect Forms. concepts like social order, They looked at the internal government and individuals nature of individuals and their rights. They paid more relationship to the attention to external factors metaphysical realm. that influence human behavior and society.  THE JUDEO - CHRISTIAN VERSION  what is judeo - christian theory? The Judeo - Christian theory is a term used to describe the shared values, traditions and ethics derived from both Judaism and Christianity.  characteristics of judeo - christian theory Beliefs Scriptures Covenantal Both religions share The Judeo - Christian Relationship foundational beliefs tradition is rooted in the Both traditions emphasize such as the existence of Hebrew Bible (Old the concept of covenantal one God, the Testament) for both Jews relationships between God importance of moral and Christians. This and humanity. In Judaism, includes books like living and the concept this is seen in the Genesis, Exodus, Psalms of a covenantal covenant with Abraham and Isaiah. Christians also relationship between and the covenant at recognize the New God and humanity. Testament, which includes Mount Sinai. In the life, teachings, death Christianity, it is and resurrection of Jesus expressed through the Christ. New Covenant established through Jesus Christ.  characteristics of judeo - christian theory Salvation Traditions and Ethical codes While there are Practices The Judeo - Christian differences in belief tradition emphasizes Judaism and Christianity about salvation moral codes and ethical have distinct religious between the two guidelines for living a practices and rituals, traditions, both righteous life, such as the but there are also emphasize the Ten Commandments in shared elements such importance of Judaism and the as prayer, worship and repentance, forgiveness teachings of Jesus in the observance of and living in accordance Christianity. holidays like Passover with God’s will. and Easter.  characteristics of judeo - christian theory Creation Prophets End Times The Genesis account Both traditions While interpretations of creation is acknowledge the role may vary, both foundational to both of prophets as traditions include traditions, messengers of God, teachings about the emphasizing God as conveying divine ultimate destiny of the creator of the humanity and the teachings and universe and world, including guidance to humanity. concepts of judgment, humanity. resurrection and the establishment of God’s kingdom. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF JUDEO - CHRISTIAN THEORY STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES It provides a moral and ethical Can be seen as exclusive, as it often framework that has shaped laws, prioritizes the beliefs of one faith over societal norms and personal others, potentially leading to conduct for centuries. intolerance and conflict. Offers individuals a sense of Subject to various interpretations, purpose and meaning in life leading to disagreements and divisions through beliefs in divine creation within the faith community. and a higher power. Some aspects of the theory conflict Promotes community cohesion with scientific evidence, leading to and social support through shared tensions between religious doctrine beliefs, rituals and values. and empirical knowledge.  connection with human nature This theory asserts that human nature is fundamentally shaped by the belief in a divine creator, with humans being created in the image of God. This perspective implies inherent dignity, moral responsibility and the potential for both good and evil within individuals. It also emphasizes concepts like free will, sin, redemption and the pursuit of spiritual growth as integral aspects of human nature. THE DARWINIAN CHALLENGE  what is DARWINIAN CHALLENGE? The Darwinian Challenge is basically about survival of the fittest. Imagine a race among living things. Those that are better suited to their environment - maybe they have stronger claws for catching food or thicker fur for cold weather; they are more likely to survive and have babies. These babies inherit the traits that helped their parents survive and so the whole population gets better at living in that environment over time.  A DIVERSE WORLD The Darwinian Challenge is a fundamental principle of evolution. It helps us understand how life on Earth has become so diverse and how organisms are constantly changing and interacting with their environment. No two creatures are exactly alike, even within a species. These variations come from random changes in genes. Moreover, some variations give an organism an edge in its environment. This ‘edge’ helps them survive and reproduce more.  SYNOPSIS Traditional version of human nature prioritizes community values, cultural norms and spiritual teachings. Western version emphasizes individualism, personal growth and often have a moral lesson. The Judeo - Christian theory encompasses shared beliefs, values and scriptures between Judaism and Christianity. This theory shapes the moral and spiritual worldview of millions worldwide, influencing cultural norms, ethical standards and religious practices. Darwinian Challenge suggests that organisms must adapt to their environment to survive and reproduce, with those best suited to their surroundings having a greater chance of passing on their traits. It emphasizes the ongoing struggle for existence, where only the fittest individuals are likely to succeed in passing their genes to the next THANK YOU