Ancient Egypt Lecture Notes PDF
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These lecture notes cover various aspects of ancient Egyptian history, including the Nile River, flooding seasons, mummification processes, key pharaohs, and innovations. The document discusses the significance of the Nile River, religious beliefs surrounding death, and the evolution of Egyptian governance, including details of significant rulers and architectural advancements.
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Ancient Egypt Lecture TOPIC/IDEAS NOTES Nile River 1. Longest river in the world 2. Nile starts at lake victoria to north mediterranean sea 3. Winds blow north to south 4. Current in the nile goes south to n...
Ancient Egypt Lecture TOPIC/IDEAS NOTES Nile River 1. Longest river in the world 2. Nile starts at lake victoria to north mediterranean sea 3. Winds blow north to south 4. Current in the nile goes south to north 5. Canals (trade east to west) Flooding seasons 1. Winter/spring = FLOODS 2. Summer/Fall = Natural fertilizer, PRIME AGRICULTURAL PERIOD Mummification Pharaoh → Governance 1. Belief in something after death 2. Believed leaders would go somewhere a. Guide book for the afterlife b. Sarcophagus → tomb Process 1. Remove internal organs and placed in jars 2. Heart weighed against the feather of truth, justice, harmony 3. Wrapped body with gauze covered in cinnamon (smell), baking soda (preservation), and sea salt (preservation) 4. Repeat 3rd step for 4-6 months Key Pharaohs 1. Menes → united Egypt 2. Hatshepsut (woman) → patriarchal society a. Co-pharoah with Thutmose III b. Fell in love with engineer 3. Thutmose III → step-son of Hatshepsut a. Cuts Hatshepsut out (“disappears”) b. Engineer “disappears” 4. Amenhotep/Akhenaten → monotheism a. Changed major god to Aken (only god in the new monotheistic religion) 5. King Tut a. Son of Akhenaten b. Changed back to a polytheistic religion (Amon - Sun God) c. Died young (14-15 years old) i. Typical teenage boy d. Sarcophagus is well preserved Innovations Mastabas 1. OG pyramids a. Each Pharaoh wanted to be better than the next Papyrus 1. Paper made out of the papyrus plant Hieroglyphics 1. Egyptian writing style Trade 1. Nile River Social Classes Evolution One up-in the previous pharaohs Bent Pharaoh 1. Pharaoh Snefru Pyramid of Djoser 1. Step pyramid Large columns 1. Hold up the pyramid inside 2. Use quarries to build the column 3. Manual laborers dragged the columns a. Paid in money, beer 4. Create a hole, two hills on the side a. Up then tilt down b. Fill in with dirt c. Set in place and remove dirt Great Pyramid of Giza 1. Pharaoh of Khufue
