Week 9 KIN 3480 PDF

Cerebellum LittleBrain structure 2 hemispheresconnectedbymidlinevermis contains moreneuronsthantherestofthebrain butonly10 of brainvolume volumecomprised of averytightlyfoldedlayer ofgraymatter i.e cerebellar cortex thelayer if unfolded wouldbe a 1mlong 5cmwide connect to differentpartsofCNSvia th...

Cerebellum LittleBrain structure 2 hemispheresconnectedbymidlinevermis contains moreneuronsthantherestofthebrain butonly10 of brainvolume volumecomprised of averytightlyfoldedlayer ofgraymatter i.e cerebellar cortex thelayer if unfolded wouldbe a 1mlong 5cmwide connect to differentpartsofCNSvia thecerebellar peduncles helps with learning timingofmovement 60 70 of neurons in our brainarehere doesn'tsenddirectprojections to spinalcord modifies thingsindirectly Ubdivision anterior posterior andflocculonodularlobes lobesprovideanatomicalnotfunctionaldistinctioncontrol Medialsectorspinocerebellum relieves proprioceptiveinputsmodulatingbodyandlimb movements via descendingmotorsystems predictivecontrol internaltimekeeper indirectcontrolovermovement Lateralsector Cerebrocerebellum relieves inputfromcortex parietallobe andinvolved in movement planning lesions difficulty w̅ movementplanning hypometria hypermetrial nodularlobe Flocculo connections to vestibularnucleiandsupportsheadandeyemovements lesionsimpairbalance balance posturalcontrol cerebellum Atrophy neurodegenerative diseasescause this theydemonstrate an ataxia ofgait poormovementtiming predictivecontrol theytypically have dysmetria has 2 components hypometria undershoot thetarget hypermetria overshoot ofthefingerwhenreaching movementthat isn'taccurate interms ofdistance eithertoofarortooshort about predictivecontrol cerebellum Motor learning Learning a newmotorskill is a challengeandwhentheyare learned themotormemoriesarelaiddown and maintained withi theneuralnetworks ofthe cerebellum whenyoubeginto learn something new it istypicallycognitive atfirstthenswitchesto a moreimplicit proceduralmemoryImo study Assesslearning of a newskill Mirrorcopyingtask haveto copydrawingusing a mirror PP.iq IT Hiersometrials providesindication of motorlearning pplw̅ cerebellarlesions performance ontrials1 10 mirrorstheir performance on 40 50 remain inaccurateandslow 2xasslow shows nomotor  learning impairmentin procedural memoryformation Cerebellum Movement Timing Study throwingtennisball to hit atarget low highspeed controlgroup cerebellarlesiongroup highspeed lowvariableerrorcontrol highdegreeof variableerror lesion trackedmovementswith kinematics control consistentreleasepoint lesion randomreleasepoints couldn'ttime when theirhand was to releasetheball centralclock incerebellum responsible forthetiming oftheagonistsandantagonist musclecontractions SpencerandZelaznikStudy If'm 888 9 fingertappingtask ftp.fffffffffgffffg ftp gfgfyfthey maintainfrequency whentheytookaway I asked to themetronome lesiongroupcouldn'tdothissince movementtiming may be a theycantkeepupwtimingtobeconsistent change thewiring in cerebellum associated w̅ th pplwhostutterhaveworsemovement Descending MotorPathways Pyramidal tract timingonfingertappingtask Pyramidaltract myelinatedlargefibres superfastconduction 100m s allowsus torecoverfromposturedeviations Originate in M1 SMA PMA parietallobe LeMp withfinedigitcontrolduetosizeandmyelination ofthis motorpathway goes toinnervateinterneurons andalphaMNtofacialmusculature ocularmotormuscles intrinsicmusculature distalmuscles axial musculature backthorax if s III a sYh attachyelinated bulbartract escending MotorPathway cortico UMNprojecting to rightabovebulb in brainstem corticobulbarfibresterminateabovethe pyramids MN innervatewithLMN occurring abovethe pyramids in herbrain tendsfrom141to bulb ofbrain brainstem Pfk's faith ontrolsarticulationandocularmotorcontrol as well Rostral innervates upperfacialmusculature bilateral audal innervates lowerfacialmusculature contralateral orticonuclear pathway is the samething The corticobular tract injury B fff fffy Ifn alphamn that communicates on one side offace FYI T.PE affmaaf9ff  not a stroke UMN injury MN not working on oneside offace their.ee eiaiesiona rays EiEnandiPo9mMuotIInaethspY He ventral orAnterior corticospinal tract descend as uncrossed fibres in ventral columns ofthespinalcord innervate axial musculature indirectly few monosynaptic connections propriospinalneuronmediated allowsfor coordinatedsmoothmovement bending oligosynaptic and polysynaptic uitiafesn.ITrectiy'synipseitiiivs interneuronsmediate this Descending MotorPathways TheLateral Corticospinal Tract Majorityfibres originate in Ml morethantheothertract Cro'soverat pyramidssotheyhavecontralateralcontrol controlmuscles onoppositesideofb 20 301 don'tcross over UMN to innervateintrinsicmuscles that allow forfinedigitcontrol go umNdirectlymediating w̅ LMN 19T c9 94 1ifeng.EEfaPoHa8 Eetig8usp Right Mtlesion tryingtoengageneuroplasticityto recover fine movementcontrol butthe powergrip is beingsupportedbyneuronsthat don'tcross over Only can do powergrip notfinedigit humanshave sophisticated lateral corticospinaltractwhichallowsthemto haveprecisi grasp connections Exercise EEffffgffffek.tt ftp.fff reh9 9 fastlargestaxons largediameter heavilymyelinated w̅ conductionvelocities of100ms slow small diameter lessmyelinated maxconductionvelocity of 40 60m s Hythefrytf f1jpfftYpinmaYforfYnfgntRight a abilitybasedontheindividual Sprinter 801 fast 201 slow Marathoner moreslowMUs ifsomeonedoesn'tmove a lot for longperiodsoftime tend to have a higherratio offastMVs indirectevidence ofalteringMVcomposition based on re trainingstudies pplw̅ spinal cordinjuries switchedfromslow to fastMVS 961 fast Average 50 501 nusexistinspinalcordthengoto extrafusalmusclefibres owfibres increasedmitochondrialdensity iron appearsred slideunder  Spinal Connectionsandexercise ClinicalRelevance fallsareleadingcause of injuryin Canada over 65t falls accountfor 85 ofhospitalizationcosts v2bit year 40 of fallsdue to incorrectweightshifting study I 48.49 8 1 7849 19 adults individuals 30 lose a yearof total ofMUS with a more rapiddecrease after 60 mostyoungppl have a randomarrangement of MVandmuscle fibertabletsthis seieiii.ieloss of fast mus andreduced conduction m ffa 9 85979 fation Estes Efftin qnionstyyention that improves onenote gg rtah 3 StageModel of Information Processing hfferstand n wempff Elements associate w̅ info processing thatareserial parall II health mffeitandthenmovetonextcant t identification Ifm flat hypmulusandselectresponse at thesame ftp.t.us 1 h tY from externalsources is gettingvisualstint PVCis activated detected and transformed into neurologicalsignals theinfogoesto partofbrainthatwill which are mapped onto a meaningful event n e'attire 2 Pattern Recognition extracting patternsfeaturesfromenvironment stimuli.fi Eifftfffffffjf infoprocessing can be a natural ortrainedphenomenon performance in temporallydemandingsports jobs uncohsctfuishipffcefg.mg free study patternrecognition presented w̅ pics of a chessboard somerandom somerealgameones Br a rakers98 2 ThreetheP'p9Ee there M perfectscores on real gameafter4 trials A B took longer betterrecallaccuracy betterpatternrecognition R.MYMef IE A B werebetter 5 GÉers havebetterpatternrecognitionwhichcanbetrained cognitivetheoryof Expertise 10years or 10,000 hours ofdeliberatepractice cognitivelyeffortful and notintrinsically enjoyable Ericson studiedclassicalmusictodevelopthis anyone that hasthemindsetcandothis limitingfactor genetics in sportsdomainsbut works well in occupationdomains trafficcontroller medicine radiologists all need goodpatternrecognition pplborn in first 3 months aremorelikelyto be eliteathletes birtheffect