Week 8 Rogers and King Theories PDF

SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEING Martha Rogers 1. Nursing involves care of unitary human beings 2. Human beings are dynamic, constantly evolving energy fields rather than homeostatic being 3. Humans are viewed as integral with the universe 4. Unitary human being and environment...

SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEING Martha Rogers 1. Nursing involves care of unitary human beings 2. Human beings are dynamic, constantly evolving energy fields rather than homeostatic being 3. Humans are viewed as integral with the universe 4. Unitary human being and environment are not dichotomous 5. Nursing focus on people and the manifestations that emerge from the mutual human/ environmental field process 6. Change of pattern and organization of the human field is propagated by waves 7. Field patterning is an observable events 8. Identification of patterns provides knowledge and understanding of human experiences HISTORY & BACKGROUND  HISTORY AND BACK GROUND 1. Born in may 12, 194 in Dallas , Texas 2. Diploma: Knoxville Hospital School of Nursing (1936) 3. PHN: George Peabody College,(1937) 4. MA: Teacher’s College, Columbia University New York (1945) 5. MPH: John’s Hopkins University, Baltimore (1952) 6. PhD. In Nursing: John’s Hopkins Univ. (1954) 7. Died: March 13 1994  Publications of Martha Rogers 1. ssTheoretical Basis of Nursing (1970) 2. Nursing Science and Art : a Prospective (1988) 3. Nursing Science of Unitary, irreducible drs being update(1990) 4. Vision of Space based Nursing (1990) OVERVIEW OF ROGER’S “SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEINGS” 1. Nursing is Considered as an art and a science. 2. Science of nursing is “ a body of knowledge emerging from scientific research and logical analysis” 3. Emergent knowledge is translated into nursing knowledge 4. Nursing is a science because the term nursing signifies a body of knowledge. ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT NATURE OF NURSING a. Nursing science is knowledge that develops from research and analysis b. Nursing is a learned profession that must be based on solid scientific information c. Emphasis on “ essentials, potentials and possibilities that exist within the wholeness of life.” which provides foundation for outlining practice d. Formulated knowledge is to be used for human betterment. ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT NATURE OF NURSING 1. Health and illness are viewed as pattern manifestations and as continuous expression of the life process 2. Characteristics of life process of human: a. Energy field i. Potential for process, movement and change ---- ability b. Openness i. Relationship c. Pattern i. Characteristics; “experiences, expressions, perceptions, physical, mental, social and spiritual data d. Pandimensionality i. Non linear domain without spatial or temporal attributes e. Hemodynamics principles i. Postulates the way of perceiving unitary human being  HEMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES 1. Resonancy a. The intensity of change; how change takes place 2. Helicy a. Unpredictable but continuous evolution of energy fields b. Nature of change 3. Integrality a. Mutual, continuous relationship between human and environment energy field b. Process of change CONCEPTS  PERSON 1. Irreducible, indivisible, pandimensional energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics that are specific to the whole in which cannot be predicted from knowledge of the parts. 2. A unified whole having its own distinctive characteristics which cannot be perceived by looking at, describing, or summarizing parts.  ENVIRONMENT 1. Irreducible, pan dimensional energy field identified by patterna nd integral with human field  HEALTH 1. Expression of the life process: they are the “ characteristics and behavior emerging out of mutual, simultaneous interaction of human and environmental fields”  NURSING 1. The concept of nursing encompasses two dimension: a. Independent science of nursing i. Organized body of knowledge is specific to nursing is arrived at by specific research and logical analysis b. Art of nursing practice i. Creative use of science for the betterment of human being ii. Creative use of its knowledge is the art of nursing practice  NURSING 1. Nursing is learned profession 2. Nursing is the study of unitary, irreducible , indivisible human and environment energy fields ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT PEOPLE AND NURSING 1. Nursing exists to serve people 2. Safe practice of nursing depends on the nature and amount of scientific nursing knowledge and individual brings to practice 3. People needs knowledgeable nursing SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK AND GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY Imogene King 1. Human beings are open systems in constant interaction with the environment 2. Nursing focus in the care of human being 3. Nursing goal is the health care of individuals and groups 4. Each human being perceives the world as a total person in making transactions with individuals and things in environment 5. Transactions represents life situations 6. Transaction is made when the nurse and the patient decide mutually on the goals to be attained Overview of Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment 1. Conceptual system is based on the assumption that human beings are the focus of nursing. 2. the goal of nursing is health promotion, maintenance and/ restoration; care of the sick/injured and/or dying. 3. King states that “ nursing domain involves human beings, families and communities as a framework within which nurses make transaction 4. The link between transactions and health is behavior or human acts. Nurses must have the knowledge to interpret this behavior. 1. Human beings have three fundamental health needs: a. The need for health information that is useable at the time when it is needed b. The need for care that seeks to prevent illness, and: c. The need for care if the humans are unable to help themselves  PROPOSITIONS OF GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY 1. If perceptual interaction accuracy is present in nurse-client interactions, transaction will occur 2. If nurse and client make transactions, goal will be attained 3. If goals are attained, satisfaction will occur 4. If transactions are made in nurse-client interactions, growth and development will enhanced  PROPOSITIONS OF GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY 4. If role expectations and role performance as perceived by nurse and client congruent, transaction will occur 5. If role conflict is experienced by nurse or client or both, stress in nurse-client interaction ill occur 6. If nurse with social knowledge and skill communicate appropriate information to client, mutual goal setting and goal attainment will occur. GENERAL CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK/ SYSTEM 1. Includes three interacting systems namely: a.Personal systems b.Interpersonal systems c.Social system  PERSONAL SYSTEMS 1. Individuals are personal system. Each individual is an open, total, unique system in constant interaction with the environment 2. The following concepts provide foundational knowledge that contributes to understanding individuals as personal system 1. Perception 2. Self 3. Growth and development 4. Body image 5. learning 6. Space 7. Time 8. coping  INTERPERSONAL SYSTEMS 1. Interactions between two individuals form interpersonal system 2. Critical concepts to understands interaction between individuals are as follows: a. Communication b. Interaction c. Role d. Stress e. Stressors f. Transaction  SOCIAL SYSTEM 1. Composed of large groups with common interests or goals 2. An organized boundary system of social role, behaviors and practices developed to maintain values an the mechanisms to regulate the practice and rules. 3. Interactions with social systems influence individual throughout the lifespan 4. Concepts that are useful to understand social system interaction a. Organization b. Authority c. Power d. Status e. Decision making ASSUMPTIONS OF CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM 1. Perception, goals, needs and values of the nurses and clients influence interaction process 2. Individuals have the right to knowledge about themselves and to participate in decisions that influence their lives, health and community services 3. Health professionals have the responsibility that helps individuals to make decision about their health care 4. Individuals have the right to accept or reject health care 5. Goals of health professionals and recipient s may not be congruent  GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY 1. Basic assumption of goal attainment theory is that nurse and client communicate information, set goal mutually and the act to attain those goals NURSING PROCESS AND GOAL ATTAINMENT CONCEPTS  PERSON 1. A social being who is rational and sentient 2. Person has the ability to: a. Perceive b. Think c. Feel d. Choose e. Set goals f. Select means to achieve goals g. Make decision  ENVIRONMENT 1. background for human interaction. It involves: a. Internal environment i. Transform energy to enable person to adjust to continuous external environmental changes b. External environment i. Involves formal and informal organizations.  HEALTH 1. Involves dynamic life experiences of human being, which implies continuous adjustment to stressors in internal and external environment through optimum use of one’s resources to achieve maximum potential for daily living  NURSING 1. A process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse and client share information about perception in nursing situation 1. In addition, King discussed: a. Goal i. To help individuals to maintain their health b. Domain i. Includes promoting, maintaining and restoring health c. Function and professional nurse i. Interpret information in nursing process to plan, implement and evaluate nursing care. The Conservation Principles, A Model for Health Myra Estrin Levine Nursing is a profession as well as an academic discipline, always practices and studied in concert with all the disciplines that together form the health sciences  ethical behavior is not the display of one’s moral; rectitude in times of crisis, it is a day to day expression or one’s commitment to other persons and the ways in which human beings relate to one another in their daily interactions nursing is a human interaction the nurse enters into a partnership of human experience where sharing in time --some trivial, some dramatic -- leaves its mark forever on each patient  as human sciences, the profession of nursing integrates the adjunctive sciences to develop the practice of nursing it is the condition of suffering that makes it possible to set independence aside and accept the services of another person. it is a challenge of the nurse to provide the individual with appropriate care without losing sight of the individual’s integrity, to honor the trust that the patient has placed in her own welfare the nurse’s goal is always to impart knowledge and strength so that the individuals can walk away as a independent individual  Overview of Conservation Model based on three major concept and assumptions: ○ conservation ○ adaptation ○ wholeness Levine advocated that individuals continuously defend their wholeness through ongoing process of change or adaptation. and the outcome of product of adaptation is conservation Conservation keeping together of the life system meaning maintaining proper balance between active nursing interventions coupled with patient participation it is about achieving balance of energy supply and demand that is unique to individual through conservation, individuals able to confront obstacle , adapt accordingly and maintain their uniqueness.  the goal of conservation is the health and strength to confront disability the primary focus is keeping together of the wholeness of individuals the nurse accomplishes the goal through the 4 conservation principles namely: ○ conservation of energy ○ conservation of structural integrity ○ conservation of personal integrity ○ conservation of social integrity  Conservation of Energy ○ refers to balancing energy input and output to avoid excessive fatigue, it includes adequate rest, nutrition and exercise Conservation of Structural integrity ○ refers to maintaining or restoring structure of the body preventing physical breakdown and promoting healing ○ examples are providing ROM, turning patient, maintenance of patient’s personal hygiene  Conservation of Personal Integrity ○ recognizes as one who strives for recognition, respect,self awareness and self determination conservation of social integrity ○ recognized one who has family and friends, community workplace and school, religion, personal choice, political system , cultural and ethnic heritage and a nation Adaptation achieved through “frugal, economic , contained and controlled use of environmental resources Wholeness exist when interactions or constant adaptation to the environment permit the assurance of integrity CONCEPTS PERSON A holistic being who constantly strives to preserve wholeness and integrity and one “who is sentient, thinking, future oriented, and past aware ENVIRONMENT completes the wholeness of an individual and individual has both internal and external environment ○ internal environment is the physiological and pathophysiological aspect of an individual ○ external environment is divided into 3: perceptual - senses operational - interacts with living tissues (microorganisms, pollutants conceptual - language, ideas symbols and concept HEALTH AND DISEASE patterns of adaptive change the goal of nursing is to promote health health is the avenue of return to the daily activities compromised by ill health. NURSING Thank you!