Developing Exercise Interventions PDF

Developing Exercise Interventions KINESIOL 3H03 Dr. Ross Murray Week 4 Sept 23, 2024 mcmaster.ca  Announcement and Updates Test #1 - Tues Oct 8th @ 10:30 – 11:20 am in-person ~ 20 MC, True/False ~ 15 marks fo...

Developing Exercise Interventions KINESIOL 3H03 Dr. Ross Murray Week 4 Sept 23, 2024 mcmaster.ca  Announcement and Updates Test #1 - Tues Oct 8th @ 10:30 – 11:20 am in-person ~ 20 MC, True/False ~ 15 marks for short answers No classes or tutorials Monday September 30th (Truth and reconciliation day) Tuesday lecture will be asynchronous – No in person class Optional Q&A Review Session – Mon Oct. 7th @ 9:30 - 10:20 am Q&A Style – BYO Questions  Overview Designing Exercise 1. Introduction to target population and behaviour Interventions 2. Introduction to behaviour change techniques (BCTs) Adopting a Systematic Approach to Intervention Design  What do we know so far? (Stages 1-2) S1 Target population – Who is the intervention for? Target behaviour – What behaviour are we trying to change? Behavioural determinants – Why is the behaviour not currently happening? Intervention functions – What activities should be included? Policy categories – How will we implement these activities? S2  Okay… Now what? What’s been done: Intervention Behaviour content change What we want to do: Behavioural determinant(s) Intervention Behaviour content change How do we get individuals to change their behaviour? Behaviour Change Theory and the use of Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) 7 Build a common language to support future research 8 Behaviour Change Techniques Recipe provides sufficient information to bake a great cookie AND someone else can replicate the cookie by following the recipe 8  Stage 3: Identify Content and Implementation Options Step 5: Select behaviour change techniques (BCTs) Smallest active ingredients of an intervention Each technique is distinct and used to help bring about behaviour change Observable – involve an action or event that can be seen or measured. Replicable – able to be repeated in the same way by others to achieve the same effect. Highly detailed Irreducible – smallest unit of change, meaning it cannot be broken down further without losing its effectiveness as an intervention Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy BCT Categories 1. Goals and planning 10. Reward and threat 2. Feedback and monitoring 11. Regulation 3. Social support 12. Antecedents 4. Shaping knowledge 13. Identity 5. Natural consequences 14. Scheduled consequences 6. Comparison of behaviour 15. Self-belief 7. Associations 16. Covert learning 8. Repetition and substitution 9. Comparison of outcomes (Michie, 2013) 8 Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy 1. Goals and planning 1. Goal setting (behaviour) 2. Problem solving 1. Observable 3. Goal setting (outcome) 2. Replicable 4. Action planning 3. Irreducible 5. Review behaviour goal(s) 6. Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal 7. Review outcome goal(s) 8. Behavioural contract 9. Commitment (Michie, 2013) 8  Potential modes of BCT delivery Stage 3 Step 6: Select modes of BCT delivery for the intervention Booklet/informational Billboards brochure Podcasts Mass media campaigns TV ads Apps Podcasts Face to face Pre-recorded videos Virtual Social media Phone call Website  Considerations for individual vs. group interventions? Feasibility Individual: Easier to tailor to personal schedules, needs, and availability. Group: Requires coordination among multiple people, may face scheduling conflicts. Practicality Individual: Can be more flexible and adapted to specific circumstances or challenges. Group: May benefit from shared resources and time efficiency but can be less personalized. Common traits among group members Individual: Doesn't require considering group dynamics; focus is entirely on personal characteristics. Group: Important to group similar people together in terms of goals, interests, or challenges to foster cohesion and relevance. Goals Individual: Highly specific to personal aspirations and tailored strategies. Group: Common or overlapping goals are crucial to ensure everyone benefits from the same interventions. Past behaviour Individual: Interventions can be deeply reflective of an individual’s history and previous challenges. Group: Balancing past behaviors can be challenging; need to ensure interventions work broadly or for the majority  Stage 4: RE-AIM Framework for intervention evaluation Reach – What percentage of people from a given population participate? What are their characteristics / who are they? Effectiveness/efficacy – What are the positive and negative consequences as a result of the intervention? Adoption – What proportion of settings adopted the intervention? What are their characteristics? Implementation – How well was the intervention delivered in the real world? Were the instructions followed? Maintenance – How well was the intervention is sustained over time?  Summary BCTs are the smallest active ingredient of all interventions BCTs should be chosen to align with the behavioural analysis (Stages 1-2) Which behavioural determinants need to be addressed? Be mindful of individual vs. group interventions Design with the end in mind (RE-AIM framework)