Week 4 Family PDF

FAMILY (CHN) Cer pau Concepts & Principles ◦ Family – the family is the primary unit of care or the basic unit of service. There are 4 levels of clientele; the individual, the family, the population groups and the community. The client is the community. ◦ Partnership – The CH Nurse works wi...

FAMILY (CHN) Cer pau Concepts & Principles ◦ Family – the family is the primary unit of care or the basic unit of service. There are 4 levels of clientele; the individual, the family, the population groups and the community. The client is the community. ◦ Partnership – The CH Nurse works with, not for, the individual patient, family, group or community as active partners not passive recipients of care. ◦ Goal – of CHN is to attain highest level of holistic health through multidisciplinary effort. ◦ Change – The practice of CHN is affected by changes in society in general and by developments in the health field in particular. ◦ Healthcare Delivery System – CHN is part of the community health system and of the larger human services system.  Features of Community Health Nursing ◦The hallmark of CHN is that it is population or aggregate-focused ◦The emphasis of CHN is on the importance of the “greatest good for the greatest number” ◦CHN involves assessing health needs, planning, implementing and evaluating the impact of health services on population groups. ◦The priority of CHN is health-promotion and disease preventing strategies over curative interventions. ◦CHN makes use of tools for measuring and analyzing community health problems, and ◦ Applies the principles of management and organization in the delivery of health services.  Recipients of Care ◦The individual - is the specific person or client in the various stages of health or illness who is given the appropriate nursing intervention by the community health nurse and other members of the health team as the condition warrants. ◦The family – is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-residence. Basic unit of society. Recipients of Care ◦ Population Groups – are vulnerable groups or those at risk of developing certain health or health-related problems. These share common characteristics and developmental factors. ◦ Examples are women, children, young people, older people, PWD, black and minority ethnic groups. Others belong to hard to reach communities traditionally left out, ignored or underrepresented. I. Individual Basic approaches in looking at the individual: 1. Atomistic 2. Holistic Perspectives in understanding the individual: 3. Psychological 1. Biological  psychosexual ◦ unified whole  Psychosocial ◦ holon  Behaviorism ◦ Dimorphism  social learning 2. Anthropological ◦ Essentialism 4. Sociological ◦ social constructionism  family and kinship ◦ culture  social groups FAMILY HEALTH NURSING ◦ Family ◦ Basic unit in society, and is shaped by all forces surround it. ◦ Is a unit of interacting persons bound by ties of blood, marriage or adoption. ◦ The Filipino Family ◦ Based on the Philippine Constitution, Family Code with focus on religious, legal, and cultural aspects of the definition of family. ◦ Section 1 ◦ The state recognizes the Filipino family as the foundation of the nation. Accordingly, it hall strengthen its solidarity and actively promote its total development ◦ Section 2 ◦ Marriage, as an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of family and shall be protected by the state. FAMILY HEALTH NURSING ◦ Section 3 ◦ The state shall defend ◦ the right of spouses to found a family in accordance with their religious convictions and the demands of responsible parenthood ◦ the right of children to assistance including proper care and nutrition, and special protection from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation and other conditions prejudicial to their development ◦ the right of the family to a family living wage income ◦ the right of families or family associations to participate in the planning and implementation of policies and programs of that affect them ◦ Section 4 ◦ The family has the duty to care for its elderly members but the state may also do so through just programs of social security The Filipino Family and its Characteristics The basic social units of Philippine society are the nuclear family ◦ Although the basic unit is the nuclear family, the influence of kinship is felt in all segments of social organizations ◦ Extensions of relationships and descent patterns are bilateral ◦ Kinship circles is considerably greater because effective range often includes the third cousin ◦ Extended family has a profound effect on daily decisions ◦ There is a great degree of equality between husband and wife ◦ Children not only have to respect their parents and obey them, but also have to learn to repress their repressive tendencies ◦ The older siblings have something of authority of their parents.  Types of Families BASED ON INTERNAL ORGANIZATION AND MEMBERSHIIP ◦Nuclear – family consisting only of the husband and wife and their children but maintains closeness to relatives. ◦Conjugal – similar to nuclear except that it is independent from relatives of parents and others. ◦Extended – known as the “consaguinal family” where family is composed of several “families” of the same blood or network of families. ◦ Single-parent – families headed by a single spouse, either as single parent, separated or as widow. ◦ Blended – also known as “step family” characterized by mixed parents, with one or both parents remarried bringing their respective children of the former family into the new family. ◦ Traditional – middle class family with a father who is the breadwinner and mother is the typical housewife. ◦COMPOUND- one man/woman with several spouses ◦COMMUNAL -more than one monogamous couple sharing resources ◦COHABITING/LIVE-IN -unmarried couple living together ◦DYAD - husband and wife or other couple living alone without children ◦GAY/LESBIAN-homosexual couple living together with or without children ◦FOSTER- substitute family for children whose parents are unable to care for them BASED ON AUTHORITY ◦ PATRIARCHAL - full authority on the father or any male member of the family ◦ MATRIARCHAL- full authority of the mother or any female member of the family ◦ EGALITARIAN- husband and wife exercise a more or less amount of authority, father and mother decides ◦ MATRICENTRIC- the mother decides/takes charge in absence of the father (e.g. father is working overseas) ◦ PATRICENTIC- the father decides/ takes charge in absence of the mother BASED ON DESCENT ◦PATRILINEAL - Affiliates a person with a group of relatives who are related to him though his father ◦LATERAL- both parents ◦MATRILINEAL - related through mother BASED ON RESIDENCE ◦ PATRILOCAL - family resides/ stays with/ near domicile of the parents of the husband ◦ MATRILOCAL - live near the domicile of the parents of the wife Family Models: 1. Developmental Stages of Family Development Stage 1 – The Beginning Family Stage 2 – The Early Child-bearing Family Stage 3 – The Family with Preschool Children Stage 4 – The Family with School Age Children Stage 5 – The Family with Teen-agers Stage 6 – The Family as Launching Center Stage 7 – The Middle-aged Family Stage 8 – The Aging Family Stage 9 - PERIOD FROM RETIREMENT TO DEATH OF BOTH SPOUSES  What is COMMUNITY a group of people with common characteristics living together within a territory or geographical boundary. The group which functions within a socio- cultural context and varying physical environment and the peoples way of behaving and coping differ from one another. ◦Community comes from the Old French word “communite” which is derived from the Latin “communitas” (cum, “with/together” +munus, “gift”) a broad term for fellowship or organized society. Characteristics of a Community ◦ A community is defined by geographic boundaries with the certain characteristics: ◦ Made up of institutions organized into social systems ◦ It has common or shared interests that binds members together ◦ It has area of fluid boundaries ◦ It has population aggregate concept Characteristics of a Community ◦A community is regarded as an “organism” with its own stages of development. Classifications of Community ◦ Rural – also known as open fields, often agricultural in nature, more spacious and less densely populated. ◦ Urban – often known as city or cities which are non- agricultural by nature, densely populated, marked by industrial products and technology. Central Business Distiricts are found here. ◦ Suburban or rurban or capitals – usually the administrative capital of a province with unique mix of agriculture and industry. Characteristics of a Healthy Community ◦ Awareness that “we are a community” ◦ Conservation of natural resources ◦ Recognition of and respect for existence of subgroups. ◦ Participation of subgroups in community affairs ◦ Preparation to meet crisis ◦ Ability to solve problems ◦ Communication through open channels Characteristics of a Healthy Community ◦Resources available to all ◦Settling of disputes through legitimate mechanisms ◦Participation by citizens in decision making ◦Wellness of a high degree among its members  What is Health? ◦ Health: WHO- “state of complete physical, mental, & social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” ◦ The modern concept of health refers to the optimum level of individuals, families, and communities  The modern concepts of health refers to optimum level of individuals, families, and communities. There are several factors in the eco-system which affects this level of functioning. Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines, 9th Edition  These factors are: 1. Political Factors ◦ Political jurisdictions have the power and authority to regulate the environment or social climate. ◦ Examples: laws or legislative acts are often related to promoting safety and people empowerment. Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines, 9th Edition 2. Behavioral Factors ◦ A person’s level of functioning is affected by a certain habits that he/she has while their lifestyle, health care and child rearing practices are determined by their culture and ethnic heritage. ◦ Examples: smoking, intake of alcoholic drinks, substance abuse, and lack of exercise. Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines, 9th Edition 3. Hereditary Factors ◦ Understanding of genetically influenced diseases and genetic risks. ◦ Example: familial, ethnic or racial defects, strengths and or risks may be passed on through the genes of both parents. Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines, 9th Edition  4. Health Care Delivery System ◦ Primary health care is a partnership approach to the effective provision of essential health services that are community based, accessible, acceptable, sustainable, and affordable.  Example: Promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative aspects of care are done in the community Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines, 9th Edition 5. Environmental Influences ◦ The menace of pollution, communicable diseases due to poor sanitation, poor garbage collection, smoking and utilization of pesticides has been growing over the years and has greatly affected the health of the people. ◦ The diseases today are largely man-made. Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines, 9th Edition 6. Socio-economic Influence ◦ Families from the lower income groups are the ones mostly served in the public health services and by the community health nurses. However, middle ◦ This is because, people from the lower and upper income income group tend to have group have also proportionately the greater number of very pressing health problems illness and health problems. such as drug abuse and lifestyle diseases. FAMILY 2. Structural-Functional Initial Data Base ◦ Family structure and Characteristics ◦ Socio-economic and Cultural Factors ◦ Environmental Factors ◦ Health Assessment of Each Member ◦ Value Placed on Prevention of Disease Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines, 9th Edition References