Week 3 - Cardiovascular Diseases Comparison PDF

Myocardial Infarction 考試會考 (比較異同)  Myocardial infarction (MI) caused by lack of blood supply to the heart muscle (ischemia)  Atherosclerosis or a thrombus obstructs blood flow through an artery  Area damaged may be small or large  Sudd...

Myocardial Infarction 考試會考 (比較異同)  Myocardial infarction (MI) caused by lack of blood supply to the heart muscle (ischemia)  Atherosclerosis or a thrombus obstructs blood flow through an artery  Area damaged may be small or large  Sudden cardiac death can occur  One or more signs  Box 37-6: Signs and Symptoms of MI (p. 865)  Emergency care immediately Efforts to relieve pain, stabilize vitals, give Treatment oxygen, and calm the person for After MI—activities are increased gradually Myocardial Infarction Cardiac rehabilitation program Lifestyle changes Critical Thinking! 4WW = four wheel walker  Mr. Stanley is a 90-year-old resident who resides in Hoag 2. He is a very social man who enjoys being around other residents. He takes part in most activities offered by the recreation therapist. He mobilizes using a 4ww. Two weeks ago, Mr. Stanley had an MI, CPR was initiated by staff and he was transferred to PAH. Mr. Stanley had suffered a Myocardial Infarction and had coronary artery bypass surgery. He was transferred back to Hoag 2 after a 3 week stay in the Cardiac unit at PAH. PAH = Peach Arch Hospital  Based on your knowledge of an MI, develop a care plan that will best meet Mr. Stanley’s needs. Think of his diagnosis.  考試會考 (比較異同) Sudden Cardiac Arrest  Sudden cardiac arrest is the abrupt loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness.  The condition usually results from an electrical disturbance in your heart that disrupts its pumping action, stopping blood flow to your body.  If not treated immediately, sudden cardiac arrest can lead to death. With fast, appropriate medical care, survival is possible.  Giving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using a defibrillator — or even just giving compressions to the chest — can improve the chances of survival until emergency workers arrive. CPR is the only thing HCA can do at the scene. (make sure the equipment is suit for their age. (child, adult, elder...) Signs & Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest Sudden collapse No pulse No breathing Loss of consciousness  考試會考 (比較異同) Causes of Cardiac Arrest  Arrhythmia  Coronary artery disease  Myocardial Infarction  Congenital heart disease Critical Thinking!  Explain the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?  What part of the heaty is effected?  Signs & symptoms? How long do they last?  What action do you take? Congestive Heart Failure  Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart cannot pump blood normally—blood backs up and causes congestion of tissues Congestive Heart Failure 考試會考 (比較異同) Right-sided failure—blood backs up Left-sided heart failure—blood backs into the vena cava and into the veins up into the lungs Feet, ankles swell (edema), neck veins bulge, and Respiratory congestion—difficulty breathing abdomen is congested with fluid (dyspnea), increased sputum, cough, gurgling sounds Liver congestion decreases liver function in lungs Severe left-side failure = pulmonary edema and death can occur Organs do not get enough blood Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure SODIUM-RESTRICTED OXYGEN—SEMI- WEIGH DAILY— INTAKE AND OUTPUT GOOD SKIN CARE; DIET FOWLER’S OR INDICATES FLUID (I&O); RESTRICTED ROM EXERCISES FOWLER’S POSITION BUILDUP FLUIDS ASSISTANCE WITH ELASTIC STOCKINGS TRANSFERS, AMBULATION Arrhythmias  Abnormal heart rhythms—may skip a beat or have extra beats  Usually not life-threatening, but can be serious  Pacemakers—medical devices implanted in the body to monitor heart rate and give small electric shocks to stimulate the heart  People with pacemakers should avoid electric or magnetic fields