Healthy Aging & Recreation Management REC 8410 PDF

Healthy Aging & Recreation Management REC 8410 Unit 2: Effects of Aging in Older Adults Last Class Discussed/Defined Aging, Health and Wellness Questions? Learning Objectives Identify common health challenges faced by older adults & Identify their implications for quality...

Healthy Aging & Recreation Management REC 8410 Unit 2: Effects of Aging in Older Adults Last Class Discussed/Defined Aging, Health and Wellness Questions? Learning Objectives Identify common health challenges faced by older adults & Identify their implications for quality of life. Illustrate the impact of attitudes and barriers toward older Illustrate adults. Outline Outline the process of abnormal factors in aging. Definitions Life Expectancy is defined as the average number of years that members of a population live o According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2019, life expectancy was 80 for males and 84 for females. Lifespan is the greatest age reached by a member of any population (or species). Demographics are the characteristics of a population, such as age and gender, that have been categorized based on distinct criteria. Social Determinants of Health According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) “Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the nonmedical factors that influence health outcomes. They are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age” (para.1). There are 6 major types of social determinants of health: 1. Economic Stability 2. Physical Environment 3. Education 4. Food 5. Social Environment 6. Health Care (EcampusOntario, n.d.) Social Determinants of Health Economic Stability - Employment, Food - Hunger, access to healthy income, expenses, debt, medical bills, options support Social Environment - Social Physical Environment - Housing, integration, support systems, parks playgrounds, walkability, community engagement, transportation, safety discrimination Education - Literacy, language, early Health Care – Health coverage, childhood education, vocational provider availability & linguistic & training, higher education cultural competency, quality of care, (EcampusOntario, n.d.) Social Determinants of Health The following outcomes are impacted by the interplay between all the social determinants of health: Mortality Morbidity Life Expectancy Health Care Expenditures Health Status Functional Limitations (EcampusOntario, n.d.) Let’s test our Understanding Join Mentimeter 8 Aging “Aging is a normal physiological and psychological process that includes all the changes throughout a person‘s life. As people age, many changes occur in the body, mind, and behaviour” Stages of Aging Late adulthood is used to describe the older adulthood age range generally between the mid-sixties and death. Late adulthood is often divided into four stages of old age, which include: Young-old: ages 65–74 Middle-old: 75–84 Oldest-old: ages 85–99 Centenarians: ages 100 and above Let’s End Ageism.. Ageism Defined as “a process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old” (Butler, 1995, p. 35) “Ageism refers to the stereotypes (how we think), prejudice (how we feel) and discrimination (how we act) towards others or oneself based on age” (WHO, 2021). Palmore (1999) defines ageism as “any prejudice or discrimination against or in favor of an age group” (p.4) Ageism Stereotypes can be positive or negative – but tends to be more negative Discrimination and stereotyping based on age Still an acceptable prejudice Can be too young or too old Prejudice can be divided into negative stereotypes and negative attitudes o Stereotypes are mistaken or exaggerated beliefs about a group (elderly) o Negative attitudes are negative feelings about a group (Palmore, 1999, p. 19) Negative Myths of Aging Belief that aged are sick/disabled Out of touch with technology Poor Depressed and lonely Senile/Mentally Ill Isolated No longer sexually active – unable to engage Facts to Combat Myths According to Palmore (1999) most older adults (85%) are healthy enough to engage in basic ADL’s (activities of daily living) Only 5% are institutionalized Most older adults past 65 have both interest & capacity for sexual relationships Most older adults retain their normal mental abilities, including ability to learn and remember. Most older adults are not senile and mental illness is not common – only 3% aged 50 and older are institutionalized with mental disorders. Most older adults can work as effectively as younger workers and are involved in useful work. Positive Beliefs to Combat Ageism Belief that most older adults are: o Kind o Wise o Dependable o Affluent o Free o Happy Ageism Nelson (2016) reviewed the research on ageism and concluded that when older individuals believe in the truth of negative stereotypes: o There is an obvious threat to their cognition (memory can become impaired) o the will to live is decreased o the individual is less interested in engaging in healthy preventive behaviors There are negative effects on the physical well-being of older persons: o Recovery from illness is impaired o Cardiovascular reactivity to stress is increased o Longevity is decreased Prejudice in Long-Term Care and Retirement What are some prejudices/stereotypes/attitudes that may be placed on older adults in Long Term Care or Retirement Homes? Think, Pair, Do you think there are difference on how older adults are perceived between LTC and Share Retirement? 10-minute Activity Dementia Village Video Living in LTC and Retirement What do you think it is like? What do you think it should be? What would be an ideal “home” be like? Normal versus Abnormal Activity in Aging 21  Most Common Conditions Less than 50% of adults 50-64 have a chronic condition, yet 90% aged 75 and up do (Cohen, 2011). Older women are more likely to have a chronic condition than are older men (83% vs. 88%) (CDC, 2009). (National Council on Aging, 2024) Most Common Conditions and Illnesses in Care Facilities (Caffrey et al., 2012) Normal Factors of Aging Slowing Down Slower Recall More vulnerable to illness, disease, accidents Pacing (being able to pace oneself to perform effectively) Need for health maintenance and health promotion activities (Saxon et al., 2014) Abnormal Factors of Aging Personality changes Getting lost Difficulty with judgement Orientation Difficulty with everyday tasks Repetition Communication problems (Saxon et al., 2014) Dementia: Who The WHO estimates that, after we turn 60 years old, 5 to 8% of us will live with dementia at some point. With dementia, symptoms including memory loss gradually worsen to the point where our abilities seriously deteriorate, and we are no longer able to take care of ourselves. Different Levels of Memory Loss Age-associated Memory Impairment (normal part of aging) Mild cognitive impairment Dementia (Alzheimer's Association, n.d.) Dementia: What is it? (Alzheimer's Association, n.d.) Dementia: What is it? It is BOTH: a chemical change in the brain AND a structural change in the brain This means… It may come and go. “Sometimes they can and sometimes they can’t.” Dementia: The Changes Structural changes –permanent üCells are shrinking and dying Chemical changes - variable üCells are producing and sending less chemicals üCan ‘shine’ when least expected – chemical rush Normal Brain Alzheimer’s Brain Dementia: Care Setting Residents What Impact Does Cognitive Impairment Have On Residents? What ways can we best support a person Think, Pair, with cognitive impairment? Share What role do you think Therapeutic Recreation (TR) staff have? 10-minute Activity TR Involved in Health Therapeutic recreation is about providing opportunities to engage in meaningful recreation and leisure and removing barriers to do so. It focuses on improving well-being in all domains of health: physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual It uses purposeful, goal-oriented recreation and leisure opportunities that build on your strengths to overcome challenges and achieve optimal well being 32 Let’s Test our Understanding 33  Poster Assignment (25%) Part 1: Research, Content Development and Written Paper o Research determinants of health that affect older adults and choose at least two to focus your poster presentation on o Gather information and data (case studies, statistics, relevant examples) to support these chosen determinants of health and summarize your findings in a brief 2-page written explanation of your poster content Part 2: Design and Create o Be creative and design a visually appealing poster that is organized and easy to understand o Your poster should include the following elements: Title: Use creativity Introduction: providing a brief overview of the importance of understanding determinants of health in aging populations. Determinants: Usual visual representation and explanation of the 2 determinants you selected (e.g., infographics, charts, diagrams, pictures etc) to provide supporting evidence. Recommendations: Provide recommendations for interventions and/or strategies that could improve the health outcomes to promote healthy aging. Conclusion: Summarize key points References: Ensure you provide proper citation for all sources used in your research using APA 7th edition.  Poster Assignment (25%) Part 3: Presentation o Prepare a brief oral presentation to accompany your poster. o You will present your poster to the class. You will be given 2-3 minutes to explain the content and highlight key findings and recommendations and 2 minutes to answer questions and engage in discussion with your peers. Next class Complete discussion post After the discussion in class on prejudice and stereotypes about older adults, think of someone you know who has experienced prejudice or discrimination based on age. Why do you think this happened and how does this person defy certain stereotypes of aging? Respond to 2 other classmates posts.  References Alzheimer's Association. (n.d.). What is dementia? Alzheimer’s Association. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia Caffrey, C., Sengupta, M., Park-Lee, E., Moss, A., Rosenoff, E., & Harris-Kojetin, L. (2012). Residents living in residential care facilities: United States, 2010 (NCHS Data Brief No. 91). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db91.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Why is addressing SDOH important? Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/about/priorities/why-is-addressing-sdoh-important.html EcampusOntario. (n.d.). Health determinants. In Personal care assistant. Retrieved from https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/personalcareassistant/chapter/3-1-3-health-determinants/ Everitt, T., Davies, M., Wadsworth, L., & Yantha, B. (2023). Demographic Trends. Nutrition in Aging. Everitt, T., Davies, M., Wadsworth, L., & Yantha, B. (2023). Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Nutrition in Aging. Horner, B., & Boldy, D. P. (2008). The benefit and burden of "ageing-in-place" in an aged care community. Australian Health Review, 32(2), 356- 65. http://ra.ocls.ca/ra/login.aspx?inst=conestoga&url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/benefit-burden-ageing-place-aged-care- community/docview/231720119/se-2 Saxon, S. V., Etten, M. J., & Perkins, E. A. (2014). Physical change and aging : A guide for the helping professions. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.  References Koren, M. J. (2010). Person-Centered Care For Nursing Home Residents: The Culture-Change Movement. Health Affairs, 29(2), 312-7. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0966 National Council on Aging. (2024). The top 10 most common chronic conditions in older adults. National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/the- top-10-most-common-chronic-conditions-in-older-adults/ Nelson, T. D. (2016). Promoting healthy aging by confronting ageism. American Psychologist, 71(4), 276-282. Palmore, E. B. (Erdman B. (1999). Ageism negative and positive (2nd ed.). Springer Pub. Saxon, S. V., Etten, M. J., & Perkins, E. A. (2014). Physical change and aging : A guide for the helping professions. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated.