‏‏week 2 - summary.pptx

Health education(MIDW 303) Week 2: Health Promotion aims and strategies Identifying health promotion needs and priorities Development competence in health promotion 1 College of 1...

Health education(MIDW 303) Week 2: Health Promotion aims and strategies Identifying health promotion needs and priorities Development competence in health promotion 1 College of 1 Nursing ,PNU  Introduction The aims of health promotion is to raising the health status of individuals and communities by empower people to have more control over aspects of their lives that affect their health. Health promotion moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions, therefore, Health promotion requires a close co-operation of sectors beyond health services, reflecting the diversity of conditions which influence health. Health education is a process which informs, motivate and helps people to adopt and maintain healthy practices/behaviour and life styles. Health protection is the branch of public health concerned with policies and practice to improve the prevention and control of diseases and other environmental threats to the health of the population. Health (Disease) prevention covers measures not only to prevent the occurrence of disease (primary), but also to arrest its progress (secondary) and reduce its consequences once established (tertiary). Example of Health promotion : A popular example of successful health promotion is the warning label that now exists on cigarettes. This began by educate the public on the risks of smoking and tobacco use. Eventually, these health promotion activities led to a change in public policy, which now requires the manufactures to add a warning label directly to the package. THE PROCESS OF HEALTH PROMOTION FOCUS activiti STRATEGIES IMPACT OUTCOMES es Education Quality counseling Behavioural of life educational Individuals Economic change change Groups Legislative Better change Social, Health economic Population Policy or and organization environment change change  Community- based Work Preventative e.g. community Environmental Health services transport health e.g. e.g. breast Reusable bags cancer screening Health Organisational education e.g. Development Health Sexual health e.g. health promoting Promoti and drug education in schools on schools Public Policies Economic e.g. Banning regulatory smoking in activities e.g. restaurants, mall Restrictions on and Airport the sale of alcohol Health promotion encompasses a range of activities  ?Why we need Health Promotion Promotes quality of life Reduces pressure on services It is cost effective and efficient 8 INCIPLES OF HEALTH OMOTION The 5 key principles of health promotion as determined by WHO are as follows: Health promotion is directed towards action on the determinants or cause of health. Health promotion involves the population as a whole in the context of their everyday life, rather than focusing on people at risk from specific diseases. Health promotion aims particularly at effective participation mechanisms. 9  PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH PROMOTION Health promotion is primarily a societal and political venture and not medical service. This requires a close co-operation between sectors beyond health care reflecting the diversity of conditions which influence health. Health promotion combines diverse methods or approaches including communication, education, organizational change, community change, community development and spontaneous local activities against health hazards. 10 approaches to Health Promotion 5 1. Medical or preventive 2. Behaviour change 3. Educational 4. Empowerment 5. Social change edical or Preventive Approach.1 Aim: To reduce morbidity and premature mortality. To ensure freedom from disease and disability. Activity: Uses medical intervention to prevent ill-health. Eg. - Immunization, screening. Evaluation: Reduction in disease rates & associated mortality.  Behaviour Change Approach.2 Behaviour Change Approach aims to encourage individuals to adopt “healthy” behaviours. Such approaches seek to educate the individual so that they change their lifestyle or a particular behaviour to help improve their health. ducational Approach.3.Strongly linked to health education Seeks to provide knowledge and information, to develop the necessary skills so that people can.make informed decisions about their behaviour  Empowerment Approach.4 :Aim Helps people to identify their own needs and health concerns, and gain the necessary skills and make changes to their lives. accordingly.Professional acts as a facilitator rather than expert  Social Change Approach.5 Targets groups and populations Its focus on the development healthy public policy and shaping the health environment, not changing the behaviour of individuals.  EXAMPLE OF FIVE APPROACHES OF HEALTH PROMOTION TO ADDRESS SMOKING Approach Aim Activity Medical or Free from Lung Encourage people to seek early Preventive Diseases. detection and treatment of smoking related disorder Behavioral Behavior change from Prevent non-smoker from starting Change smoking to not-smoking smoking Motivate smokers to stop Education Clients understand Giving information about effects of effect of smoking and smoking will make a decision Helping them learn how to stop whether to smoke or smoking; if they want not and act on that decision  Approach Aim Activity Empowerment Anti-Smoking issue is Clients identify what, if considered only if anything they want to know clients identify it as a and do about it concern Social Change Make smoking socially No smoking policy at public unacceptable places Cigarette sales less accessible International Conference on Health Promotion, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (1986) In 1986, the first international conference on Health Promotion was held in Ottawa, Canada. The charter provides a framework for the implementation of health promotion in five specific areas: Building healthy public policy. Creating supportive environments. Strengthening community action. Developing personal skills. Re-orienting health services. uilding a Healthy Public.1 licy Health public policy is a pre-requisite for successful health promotion  A Healthy Public Policy is characterized by a concern for health and an accountability for health impact.  All relevant government sectors like education, industry and finance need to give important consideration to health as an essential factor during their policy formulation.  Create Supportive Environment.2  The overall guiding principle is the need to take care of each other, our communities and our natural environment.  Supportive environments cover the physical, social, economic, and political environment.  All development activities should aim for a healthy environment – healthy buildings, roads, workplaces, homes, surroundings and schools. Strengthen Community Action: Community Participation.3  Community participation is a social process whereby groups identification of their needs, take decisions and establish mechanisms to meet these needs  Full community participation occurs when communities participate in equal partnership with health professionals as stakeholders in setting the health agenda. Develop Personal Skills.4  Skills which can promote an individual’s health include those pertaining to identifying, selecting and applying healthy options in daily life.  Health promotion supports personal and social development through providing information, education for health, and enhancing life skills. By so doing, it increases the options available to people to control over their own health and over their environments, and to make choices conducive to health.  Reorient Health Services.5  Reorienting health services is primarily about the health sector changing from focusing primarily on clinical and curative services to increasingly focus on health promotion and prevention. The Ottawa Charter also outlined a set of nine pre-requisites or fundamental conditions deemed necessary in order to improve health. Prerequisites for Health: Peace, Shelter (Housing), Education, Food, Income, Stable eco-system, Sustainable resources, Social justice, and Health Equity. Ottawa Charter identified three ways (or strategies) employed in the implementation of health promotion, namely through: Advocacy Enablement Mediation  Ways/ Strategies of health promotion Advocate Health advocacy encompasses direct service to the individual or family as well as activities that promote health and access to health care in communities and the larger public. Example: Request to City Council to construct clear-way bicycle lane in local community, so that people will be able to ride their bicycle safely.  Ways/ Strategies of health promotion Enable Health promotion action aims ensuring equal opportunities and resources to enable all people to achieve their fullest health potential. This includes a secure foundation in a supportive environment, access to information, life skills and opportunities for making healthy choices.  Ways/ Strategies of health promotion Mediate Individuals, families and communities, Professional and social groups and health personnel all have a demands coordinated action and a major responsibility to mediate between differing interests in society for the pursuit of health.  Assessing health needs Health needs assessment is a systematic method for reviewing the health issues facing a population, leading to agreed priorities and resource allocation that will improve health and reduce inequalities. It involve the collection and analysis of information that relates to the needs of affected populations and that will help determine gaps between an agreed standard and the current situation. Benefits of health needs assessment Benefits from undertaking health needs assessment can include: Strengthened community involvement in decision making Improved team and partnership working Professional development of skills and experience Improved communication with other agencies and the public Better use of resources The five steps of health needs assessment Step 1: Getting started Step 2: Identifying health priorities Step 3 : Assessing a health priorities for action Step 4: Planning for change Step 5: Moving on/review  Step 1: Getting started ?What population ?What are you trying to achieve ?Who needs to be involved ?What resources are required ?What are the risks Step 2: Identifying health priorities Population profiling Gathering data Perceptions of needs Identifying and assessing health conditions and determinant factors  Step 3 : Assessing a health priorities for action Choose health condition and determinant factors with the most significant size and severity impact Determine effective and acceptable interventions and actions  Step 4: planning for change Clarify aims of intervention Action planning Monitoring and evaluations strategy Risk management strategy  Step 5: moving on/review Learning from the project Measuring impact Choosing the next priority  Setting health promotion priorities Priorities setting is the process of making decisions about how best to allocate limited resources to improve population health. Priority setting relies on the use of diverse source of data as well as stakeholder input to prioritize the most appropriate programs and interventions and inform resource allocation.  Developing competence in health promotion Competencies are the combinations of knowledge, attitudes and skills needed to plan, implement and evaluate health promotion activities in a range of settings. Also it needs to develop other core competencies of health promotion, such as communicating and educating, leadership, facilitating and networking and influencing policy and practice. Core Competencies Framework for Health Promotion Thank You