Week 2 Structural Systems - Introduction to Structural Analysis & Design

INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF RC BUILDING Engr. Christian Kenneth M. Pantonial STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS Engr. Christian Kenneth M. Pantonial INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Definition: Structural systems are organized frameworks o...

INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF RC BUILDING Engr. Christian Kenneth M. Pantonial STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS Engr. Christian Kenneth M. Pantonial INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Definition: Structural systems are organized frameworks of elements designed to bear loads and ensure the stability and safety of buildings and other structures. These systems manage the forces acting on a structure, whether it’s the weight of the building itself, the occupants, or environmental factors like wind and earthquakes. INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL SYSTEM In a load-bearing structure, three of the most important characteristics are: 1. Strength Strength refers to the ability of the structure to withstand the loads and forces that are applied to it without breaking or deforming. This includes the weight of the building itself (dead load), the weight of people, furniture, and other items (live load), and environmental forces like wind and snow (environmental loads). 2. Stability Stability refers to the structure's ability to remain in equilibrium under load. It means the building will not tilt, sway, or collapse even when subjected to different forces. 3. Cost-Effectiveness Cost-effectiveness refers to the ability to achieve the desired structural performance and safety at a reasonable cost. It involves balancing the expense of materials, labor, and construction time with the quality and durability of the structure. TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS TYPES OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS ROLE OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN ARCHITECTURE 1. Aesthetics The structural system significantly impacts a building's appearance. ROLE OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN ARCHITECTURE 2. Functionality Structural systems enable the creation of spaces that are functional and adaptable. For example, steel frames allow for large, open floor plans in modern office buildings. ROLE OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN ARCHITECTURE 3. Durability A well-designed structural system enhances the building’s durability, allowing it to withstand the test of time and environmental challenges ROLE OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN SAFETY 1. Load Distribution The primary function of any structural system is to distribute loads safely across the structure. Proper load distribution prevents localized failures and ensures the overall stability of the building. ROLE OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN SAFETY 2. Earthquake Resistance Special design features, such as base isolators or shock absorbers, help structures withstand seismic forces, minimizing damage during earthquakes. ROLE OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN SAFETY 3. Fire Resistance Structural systems can be designed to slow down the spread of fire, giving occupants more time to evacuate and minimizing structural damage.. BUILDING EXAMPLE Engr. Christian Kenneth M. Pantonial BUILDING EXAMPLE BUILDING PLANS AND ELEVATIONS PLANS: First/Ground Floor Plan Second Floor Plan Third Floor Plan/ Roof Deck ELEVATIONS: Front Elevation Rear Elevation Right Side Elevation Left Side Elevation STRUCTURE STRUCTURE SUPERSTRUCTURE: SUBSTRUCTURE: 1. Walls 1. Basement 2. Columns 2. Foundation 3. Beams 4. Floor/Slab 5. Roof BASIC COMPONENTS OF A STRUCTURE COLUMNS Vertical elements that carry compressive loads, transferring weight from the upper parts of the structure to the foundation. BASIC COMPONENTS OF A STRUCTURE BEAMS/GIRDERS Horizontal elements that support loads from slabs or roofs and transfer them to columns or walls. BASIC COMPONENTS OF A STRUCTURE BEAMS VS GIRDERS BASIC COMPONENTS OF A STRUCTURE WALLS Vertical structures that enclose spaces and can also carry loads if they are load-bearing walls. TYPES: 1. Load-Bearing Walls Support weight from the roof or floors above them and transfer it down to the foundation Shear Walls Special walls designed to resist lateral forces, such as wind or earthquake loads, providing stability against these forces. 2. Non-Load-Bearing Walls Serve to divide space and enclose rooms but do not support any structural loads. BASIC COMPONENTS OF A STRUCTURE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A STRUCTURE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A STRUCTURE SLABS Flat horizontal surfaces like floors or roofs that distribute loads across a wide area. BASIC COMPONENTS OF A STRUCTURE TRUSS Frameworks composed of triangular units that provide additional support, often used in roofs or bridges. FOUNDATION Distribute the structure’s weight evenly to prevent sinking or tilting HOW LOADS ARE BEING TRANSFERRED DESIGN CRITERIA Engr. Christian Kenneth M. Pantonial SITE CONDITIONS AND CONSTRAINTS SITE ANALYSIS SITE CONSTRAINTS 1. Soil Conditions 1. Zoning Laws refer to the type and characteristics of the local regulations that govern land use soil on a construction site, including its and dictate how properties in certain bearing capacity, drainage properties, and areas can be developed. stability 2. Building Codes 2. Topography set of standards and regulations the arrangement of the natural and artificial established by national and local features of a landscape. It includes the authorities to ensure the safety, health, elevation, slope, and contour of the land. and welfare of building occupants 3. Environmental Impact 3. Natural Hazards refers to the effects that a building project are potential threats to buildings and has on its surrounding environment, and infrastructure from natural events such vice versa. This includes soil erosion and as earthquakes, floods, and high winds. etc. LOAD CONSIDERATIONS TYPES OF LOADS: 1. Dead Loads These are permanent, static loads that include the weight of the structure itself—walls, floors, roofs, and all permanent fixtures. 2. Live Loads These are dynamic and can change over time, including the weight of people, furniture, and vehicles. 3. Environmental Loads These include wind pressure, snow accumulation, and seismic forces. Each has specific design codes and standards. LOAD CONSIDERATIONS MATERIAL SELECTION Common Structural Criteria for Selection: Materials: Strength Concrete Durability Steel Cost Timber Environmental Impact Masonry SERVICEABILITY CRITERIA WHAT IS SERVICEABILITY? refers to a structure's ability to remain functional and comfortable during its use. While safety ensures the structure doesn’t collapse, serviceability ensures that it performs well under normal conditions COST ESTIMATION AND BUDGETING THE END