Week 2 Learning Objectives PDF

Week 2 Learning Objectives :...

Week 2 Learning Objectives : Er Understand + Apply Knowledge + concepts related to fluid compartments Model of Osmotic I Intracellular Fluid Extracellular Fluid Equilibrium · 2/3 total body water ·3 total body water ↳ concentrations are equal on water , electrolytes , · interstitial both sides of the membrane proteins , solutes for body functions · intervascular ↓ * important ⑧ ⑨ ⑧ Osmotic Forces ⑳ : ↳ H20 · ⑧ · ⑧ ICF ECF moving between + · ⑧ & ↓ ① k+ Nat know parameters for serum electrolyte values Sodium (Nat) : 136-144 mmol/L Chloride (217 : 97-105 mmol/ Y Hypernatremia Hyponatremia magnesium : 1. 7-2 2. mg/dL < 147mEa/L · 3 135 mEa/L d osmolality dehydration'Es intracellular phosphate mg/dL · · : · cell swelling 2 5-4 8.. · thirst , weight gain , · low Nat intake/Nat loss bicarbonate ↑ BP hyperactive cerebral edema ↑ ICP : mmo/L , · 22-30 , , reflexes bounding pulse , confusion , seizures , d reflexes potassium (K ) mmol/ : 3 7-5 + 1 ↳.. maintained by Nat/ k + pump · essential for impulse transmission , conduction ,normalcardiac rhyth ation Apply Starling's Law of the Capillary Kidney is most efficient regulator · Hypokalemia : Hypercalemia : · 35. mEa/L · rare > - renal excretion efficiency · Skeletal muscle weakness , · mild-severe attacks ↓ neuromuscular excitability NET FILTRATION = [forces favoring filtration] [forces opposing filtration] - calcium (ca2t) : 8 4-10 6 mg/dL -- -Th E.. -Est necessary for bone/ teeth blood cell receptors structure clotting · , , , hormone Secretion , pm muscle contraction stability , I · Hypocalcemia 8 5 mg/dL Hypercalemia · > 10 5 mg/dL : capillary hydrostatic ( Interstitial Hydrostatic. InterstitialOna. · ↓ PTH + vit D. · Hyperparathyroidism pressure (BP) Pressure Nutritional deficiences · excess vit D PTH stimulus pressure (H20 pulling). , ↑ excitability neuromuscular fatigue weakness , nausea Understanding , · , Ispasms cramping tingling) , , impared renal function , bone pain , , osteoporosis bradycardia , cardiac arrest Accumulation of fluid within the - ~ I interstitial space Localized · specificof the body area Generalized increased CH infections or capillary permeability injuries · multipleareasotbodya , , · decreased Co blocked lymph/venous nic Vessels heart , liver , kidney disease , etc. · lymphatic obstruction (lymphedema  know the 4 acid-base imbalances (defining features compensatory mech. , + causes) Respiratory Respiratory Metabolic Metabolic Acidosis Alkalosis Acidosis Alkalosis (45mmHg))YCO2 in blood (135mmHg) (122 mEa/L] ( > 26 mEa(c) · Elevation of pCO2 (hypercapnia) depression of pCO2 (hypocapnia) · decrease/depression of HCO3- /bicarbonate↑ elevation of HO (bica - · ↓ in PH ((7. 35) ↑ pH( > 7. 45) · ↓ PH ( 35) < 7. ↳ usually due to excessive metabolic acid loss Result of depressed ventilation (vomiting Gl suction diuretic use , bicarb intake) hyperventilation · result of , , · can't catch breath ↑ pH( > 7. 45) ↳ hypoventilation = hypoxia · Loss of CO2 by lungs decreased ability of Kidney to excrete due to hyperventilation , mech. Ventilation acid or conserve base caused by decreased Respiratory Stimuli · Hypokalemia COPD , Pneumonia , Atelectasis Hyperkalemia · Acidosis : pH is less than 1 35. (ain Ht) Respiratory System : * Alkalosis : pH is greater than 1 45. (din Ht) LOW pH ? expired ↳ INCREASE Ventilation - remove CO2 (ACID) * HIGH pH ? Renal System : ↳ DECREASE Ventilation > - retain CO2 (ACID) ACIDIC or ALKALINE Urine ↳secretion ↳ reabsorption of H2Oz- of H + (bicarbonate)