Week-2-CEO-Civil Engineering History PDF

Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT  Civil Engineering TO ALL STUDENTS DEPARTMENT 1. Please use your full name (Surname, First Name, Middle Initial) 2. Kindly put your microphones on “Mute” upon entry. If y...

Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT  Civil Engineering TO ALL STUDENTS DEPARTMENT 1. Please use your full name (Surname, First Name, Middle Initial) 2. Kindly put your microphones on “Mute” upon entry. If you have any question, please click the “raise hand” toggle, then it is okay to unmute yourself but please remember to go back to mute. 3. Think before you speak and type in our online portal. 4. Be kind and professional.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT Kenneth Bryan M. Tana Subject Description Section Link Code Civil Engineering 1P https://emabini.pup.edu.ph/course/view.php?id=16045' CIEN1011P Orientation Civil Engineering 2P https://emabini.pup.edu.ph/course/view.php?id=16054 CIEN1012P Orientation  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT Textbook: Donaldson, K., The Engineering Student Survival Guide, McGraw-Hill References: Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers, Inc., Manual of Professional Practice for Civil Engineers, 3rd Edition, 2005 Mike W. Martin & Roland Schinzinger, Ethics in Engineering, Ethics in Engineering, 2005 Republic Act 544, An Act to Regulate the Practice of Civil Engineering in the Philippines Online Reference and Journals Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT Throughout ancient and medieval history, most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stonemasons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. Knowledge was retained in guilds and was seldom supplanted by advances. Structures, roads and buildings that existed were repetitive and increases in scale were incremental.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 4000 BC – 2000 BC Earliest practices of civil engineering were in ancient Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia when the humans abandoned the nomadic way of living and first built a roof for its shelter.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 2700 BC – 2500 BC The construction of pyramids in Egypt were some of the first instances of large structure construction.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 2700 BC – 2500 BC Colosseum in Rome  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 2700 BC – 2500 BC Great Wall of China  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 2700 BC – 2500 BC Taj Mahal of India  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 312 BC The first major Roman road – the famed Appian Way or “queen of the roads”, - was constructed to serve as a supply route between republican Rome and its allies in Capua during the Second Samnite War.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 27 BC Opus caementicium, or Roman concrete paved the way for the architectural frenzies of the first Roman emperor Agustus. The Romans mixed limestone with volcanic ash to form a mortar which was packed with chunks of bricks or volcanic tuff to form the basic material for roads, bridges, aqueducts, and buildings. Today’s scientists have concluded that Roman concrete, though weaker than modern cement, is astonishingly long-lasting, remaining relatively intact even after centuries of exposure to sweater and other damaging elements.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 18th CENTURY The term “Civil Engineering” came into use to describe engineering work that was performed by civilians for non-military purposes. This is the main reason why Civil Engineering has such a very broad definition, disciplines and specializations.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1747 The first institution for the teaching of Civil Engineering, the Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees was established in France. It is a university-level institution of higher education and research in the field of science, engineering, and technology and was founded by Daniel-Charles Trudaine. It is one of the most prestigious and oldest French Grandes Escoles. The school is under the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1771 John Smeaton, who constructed the Eddyston Lighthouse, formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the profession. He pioneered hydraulic lime, a concrete that cured under water and developed a technique of securing the blocks using dovetail joints and marble dowel.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1835 The first degree in Civil Engineering in the US was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1905 The first Civil Engineering degree awarded to a woman was granted by Cornell University to Nora Stanton Blatch in 1905. Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT DURING SPANISH PERIOD The history of the architecture and civil engineering professions in the Philippines were almost synonymous with each other. In more than three-and-a-half centuries of Spanish subjugation, there were no Filipino civil engineers. Social prejudice constrained the repressed indio builders to content themselves to be called mere Maestro de Obras (Master Builders) even if they could design and build any type of structure that technology could allow at that time. Master Builders as of today were equivalent to Construction Foreman. Civil Engineering, as practiced in the Philippines during the Spanish era, was not by virtue of an academic title. There were no civil engineering schools in the country at that time and the only architects/engineers with academic degrees were Spaniards.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1868 It was in 1868 when the Bureau of Public Works and Highways (Obras Publicas) and Bureau of Communications and Transportation (Communicationes y Meteologia) were organized under a civil engineer known as “Director General”  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1892 On November 24, 1892, the entire line from Manila to Dagupan, with a total length of 195.4 km, was completed and put into commercial operations.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1892 Road work in the Philippine Islands during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, under the Spanish regime, consisted in the opening of routes of communication throughout the Islands, in a very thorough manner, and leaving a very valuable asset to the present Government in the matter of the width of right of way, which was incorporated into the law and became a part of the public domain. The location of these routes has been justified, inasmuch, that few changes have been made in the general alignment, except when new sections have opened up and a change in location justified. Grades have been improved and methods of construction changed. The right of way, as established by law, has made possible the construction methods of today.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1892 Two types of construction under Spanish regime were practiced: First, pavement of cut spanish road, cut adobe stone pavement. This was usually of the adobe quality, probably used because it is easily quarried, cut, and handled, the size used called ’’ordinario" 20 by 20 centimeters and 50 centimeters long. This makes a very smooth and pretty pavement, but, where an ordinary amount of traffic is encountered, wears very rapidly.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1892 Second, rubble-stone pavement, cobblestones. The pavement of cobblestone consisted of boulders probably taken from river beds varying in size from 10 to 30 centimeters in diameter. This type was very durable and lasting, so long as the individual stones retained their position in a bed of earth. Owing to the size used there was no bond, and stones were easily displaced, unless covered with earth, sand, or gravel. This pavement was very rough and, had a second or top course of small gravel been used and bound together with a binding material, would have been in use to-day.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1898 The Organic Decree issued by Gen. Emilio Aquinaldo establishing the Philippine Revolutionary Government created four (4) government departments among which was the Department of War and Public Works. Though once included in the Department of War, now Department of National Defense, its functions as builder and maintainer of roads, bridges and other public works structures are inherent in the present Department. The inclusion of public works in the War and Department can be explained by the exigencies of the revolutionary period. The construction of fortifications and trenches was needed in the cause for freedom which our heroes had fought for. When Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in 1898, the public works and activities were placed under the U.S. Army engineers.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1898 When Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in 1898, the public works and activities were placed under the U.S. Army engineers.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1899 The Malolos Constitution was ratified during a general assembly of Congress, and the first Council of Government of the First Philippine Republic was created. From January 21, 1899 to May 7, 1899, with Apolinario Mabini as President of the Cabinet (i.e. Prime Minister), Gracio Gonzaga served as the Secretary of Public Welfare, which included the transportation and communications portfolio. When Mabini was replaced by Pedro Paterno as President of the Cabinet, among the seven departments set up was the Communicaciones y Obras Publicas (i.e. the Communications and Public Works Department). Maximo Paterno was appointed as Secretary of Public Works and Communications. Since then, Public Works, Transportation, and Communications have been grouped into one department.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1899 The coming of the Americans brought about drastic changes in our engineering culture. The new colonizers pursued “benevolent” policies that focused on English education, public health, free enterprise, and representative governance thus bringing with them were military engineers, Thomasite teachers, doctors and evangelist. Highways, bridges, schools, hospitals, and government buildings steadily transformed the Philippine landscape.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1899 In his letter dated January 4, 1899 to Filipinos, US Major-General Elwell S. Otis, the Military Governor of the Philippines, announced US President William McKinley’s instructions for the islands’ Benevolent Assimilation. The instructions stated that the management of public property and revenue, and the use of all public means of transportation, were to be conducted by the military authorities (i.e. by the US Army) until such time that they would be transferred back to civilian authority. Thus, the Bureau of Engineering was placed under the supervision of American military engineers. The ports were opened to commerce for all foreign nations.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1900 Foundation of the Liceo de Manila, a private institution offering academic course for maestro de obras and headed by Leon Ma. Guerrero. The first private school to offer an academic title for Maestro de Obras (the forerunner of formal education in architecture/engineering).  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1900 The introduction of reinforced concrete in the Philippines was in the 1900s and its use in the construction of the Masonic Temple (Grand Lodge of the Philippines), the first multi-structure in Escolta, Manila. Transportation in the Philippines was depended largely on trails, waterways, railroad, earth roads and partially-gravelled roads. Highway in the Philippines at that time is nothing more than a dream to most Filipinos. The US government initiated the development of roadways in the Philippines connecting towns, cities and provinces. The popular Macadam road type was introduced. It gained acceptance because of abundant supply of stones and gravel.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1901 By virtue of Act No. 83 passed by the Philippine Commission on February 6, 1901, public works and projects were placed under the “Provincial Supervisions”. The 1901 municipal code (February 6, 1901) provided for popularly elected municipal board members who were responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining municipal properties, and undertaking necessary construction projects.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1902 The first professional association of architecture and surveyors was born on September 14, 1902 with the creation of the Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas (AAAF).  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1902 The Philippine Commission passed Act Nos. 222 and 268 creating the Department of Commerce and Police which gave birth to the Bureau of Engineering and Construction of public works and the Bureau of Architecture and Construction of public buildings. The Philippine Bill of 1902 (July 1, 1902) or the Philippine Organic Act authorized the Government of the Philippine Islands to provide for the needs of commerce. This includes improving harbors, constructing maintaining bonded warehouses, wharves, piers, light-houses, signal and life-saving stations, buoys, and like instruments of commerce, as well as to adopt and enforce regulations. (The US Congress authorizes the Philippine Government to grant franchise and concession for the construction of public utilities and services).  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1902 On December 8, 1902, the first Railroad Legislation Act (Philippine Commission Act No. 554) was passed granting the Manila Railroad Company (MRRCo) the right to construct branch lines.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1903 AAFF changed the name of association to Academia de Arquitectura, Ingeniera y Agrimensura de Filipinas (AIAAF) – including civil engineers and surveyors. 1904 The above-mentioned Academia merged with the Liceo and established the Escuela de Ingeniera y Arquitectura, which offered a five-year course in architecture and civil engineering.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1905 The Escuela ceased to operate after its first year of inception. The Bureau of Public Works was created and placed under Department of Commerce and Police on October 26, 1905.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1905 Act No. 1401 of the Philippine Commission passed on October 4, 1905, abolished engineering districts and positions of district engineers. Along with the economic growth of the country was the need for a more extensive road network that would penetrate the rural areas. In order to achieve that end, provincial boards were created in 1907 with authority to collect double cedula taxes to finance the construction of provincial roads and bridges. In addition, the national government appropriated P1,700,000 as aid to such constructions.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1907 The Faculty of Engineering of the University of Santo Tomas (UST) is the oldest engineering school in the Philippines. It was established on May 18, 1907, as School of Civil Engineering with one program offering leading to the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering (MSCE). From faculty records, it appears that it was only in 1912 when the earliest batch of students was conferred their MSCE degrees.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1907 Don Ramon Irureta-Goyena headed the UST-COE. During the early years of U.S. occupation, most of the civil engineers in our country came from America. The College was patterned after the University of Havana in Cuba and was first set up at the second floor of the old UST building in Intramuros. 1908 The Escuela was reorganized and reopened its doors to students, but this time offered a three-year course for architecture, civil engineering, and electrical engineering.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1910 The Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines, in a resolution passed on June 3, 1910, appointed Mr. W.J. Colbert as acting Dean of the College of Engineering. His appointment was set to effect on June 13, 1910 thereby creating the College of Engineering. Dean Colbert was authorized to prepare the curriculum and select the necessary teaching personnel for the new course. Initially, a four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science with an additional degree of Civil Engineer upon completion of an extra year of study was Mr. W.J. Colbert approved.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1910 The first instructor to be appointed was Mr. Jose P. Katigbak of the City Engineer’s Office of Manila, as instructor in graphics (drawing) on a part-time basis. The first appearance of motor vehicles in the Philippine highways in 1910. Roads and bridges had to be kept in good condition at all times. Naturally, there was a need for funds to keep the roads passable the whole year round. Mr. Jose P. Katigbak  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1910 The first appearance of motor vehicles in the Philippine highways in 1910. Roads and bridges had to be kept in good condition at all times. Naturally, there was a need for funds to keep the roads passable the whole year round.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1911 In 1911, the AIAAF was dissolved when the civil engineers (and other engineering profession) withdrew to form their own professional organization (The Philippine Society of Engineers), but not before it has struggled for the passage of an Engineers and Architects Law.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1912 The Escuela was closed. The Irrigation Act of 1912: Under the American regime, the Government initiated policies to stimulate national economic growth through irrigation development. The Irrigation Division under the Bureau of Public Works (BPW) was established in 1908 (the friar lands were sold to govt. which in turn were sold to the tenants in 1902). The Irrigation Act was passed in 1912. This regulated the appropriation of public waters, investigation, construction, operation and maintenance of irrigation systems. It also regulated the appropriation of public waters, prescribed rules on water rights and provided for the securing of payments for irrigation services, from the beneficiaries.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1919 Metropolitan Water District was founded.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1921 The Engineers and Architects Law (Act No. 2985) passed on February 23, 1921. The law created separate Board of Examiners for civil engineering and architecture. They were schooled abroad as civil engineers and architects. Due to the Engineers and Architects Law of 1921, Filipinos were allowed to practice as Architects and Engineers because of their experience as Maestro de Obras in the Spanish Period. Public Act No. 2985 was enacted empowering the Secretary of Commerce and Communication to appoint members of the boards of the architecture and engineering professions.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1928 A group of civil engineers from the government sector formed the Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) which was the first civil engineering organization in the Philippines with Engr. Marcial Kasilag as its first president. Engr. Kasilag thereupon received the honor of holding PRC Registration Number 1 for Civil Engineers. He then occupied a high- ranking.position in the government and the early members of PSCE were government engineers. There were relatively few civil engineers in private practice during that time as most of the early graduates were readily engaged by the various government agencies. Engr. Marcial Kasilag  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1931 Department of Commerce and Communications renamed as the Department of Public Works and Communications. 1935 On August 2, 1935, Act Number 4211 was enacted – permitting under-aged persons to take the board exam on condition that they will not practice their profession until they attained the required age of 21. During the inauguration of the Commonwealth Government on November 15, 1935, a reorganization of the DPWC was undertaken. Under the set up, it was composed of the Bureau of Public Works, Ports, Aeronautics, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Metropolitan Water District Division of Marine, Railway and Repair Shop, National Radio Broadcasting, Irrigation Council and Board of Examiners for Civil, Mechanical, Chemical and Mining Engineers.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1937 The Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE) was formed from a group of civil engineers in the private sector with Engr. Enrique Sto. Tomas Cortes as its first president. The objectives of both organizations were similar with each other in which both of them wants to: "elevate the standards of the profession, encourage research and engineering knowledge and technology, foster fellowship among members, and promote interrelation with other technological and scientific societies". The PACE being more active than the PSCE led to the transfer of many PSCE members to PACE.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1938 In 1938, statutes for practice of architecture from engineering separated by law – National Assembly Bill No. 1850. 1941 The tides of war in the Pacific came in December 1941 and thereby interrupted the normal operations of the schools and colleges. By order of the President of the Philippines, all schools were closed. When the Japanese forces entered Manila in January 1942, they occupied the College/School buildings. In 1941, outbreak of World War II, the Department of Public Works and Communications (DPWC) and other government offices were practically abolished due to dislocation of manpower, lack of funds, materials and equipment, installation of enemy administration and the setting up of resistance movement.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 24 December 1941 to 01 August 1944 During the Japanese occupation, the exiled Commonwealth government of President Manuel Quezon issued Executive Order 396, which reorganized and grouped the cabinet. The Department of Public Works and Communication became the Department of National Defense, Public Works, Communications and Labor, with Basilio Valdes as Secretary. Gen. Basilio Valdes  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1942 On Philippine soil, to mitigate the sufferings of the people under the iron-clad rule of the Japanese, the Philippine Executive Commission was established. Under President Jose P. Laurel’s administration, Quintin Paredes served as Minister of Public Works and Communications. After the Second World War, the new independent Philippine government continued the rehabilitation and construction of roads, bridges, buildings and other infrastructures, through the Atty. Quintin Paredes reparations and war damages paid by the Japanese government. Other financial grants and aids received from the US government were used in the construction and rehabilitation of roads, bridges, buildings and other infrastructures.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1945 The reorganization of the government after it was re-established on Philippine soil was undertaken with Executive Order No. 27 on February 27. The Department of National Defense and Communications was again named Department of Public Works and Communications. 1947 The authority of the Department of Public Works and Communications was further expanded when, in 1947, the Motor Vehicles Office was placed under its direct supervision.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1950 On June 17, 1950, the Architects (Philippine Institute of Architects) prepared and lobbied the passing of the first Architect’s law (RA 545) while the Civil Engineers (Philippine Association of Civil Engineers), the Civil Engineering law (RA 544, through the efforts of PACE President Alberto Guevarra) was also passed the same year. They jointly celebrated the passing of their respective laws at the Manila Hotel Winter Garden.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1951 President Elpidio Quirino under Executive Order No. 392 in 1951, the DPWC was again reconstituted to Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications (DPWTC) to include the Bureaus of Public Works, Posts, Telecommunications, Motor Vehicles Office, Irrigation Council, Flood Control Commission, Radio Control Board, National Transportation Board and Government Quarters Committee. Taking cognizance of the social impact of the road network to national growth, the Philippine Highway Act of 1953 or Republic Act No. 917 providing for an effective highway administration modified apportionment of highway funds and gave aid to provinces and cities for the improvement and maintenance of roads and bridges.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1951 In relation to road and bridge construction and maintenance, the Bureau of Public Highways was created in 1954 by virtue of the Republic Act No. 1192 and placed under the Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications. This Act provided for a more effective management of the Philippine Highways under a Commissioner. Active plans & programs were formulated & implemented. With the abolition of National Airport Corporation in 1951, ownership and management of the airport fell to the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) under the Department of Commerce & Industry. In 1956, the CAA was transferred to the Department of Public Works, Transportation & Communications.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1954 R.A. No. 1080 was enacted on June 15, 1954, which states that the bar examinations and the examinations given by the various boards of examiners of the Government are declared as equivalent to first-grade Civil Service eligibility. 1955 National Waterworks and Sewerage System Authority (NAWASA) was created through RA 1383. 1956 On June 16, 1956, the Civil Engineering law was further amended by Republic Act No. 1582. On the same year, the Architecture law was further amended by Republic Act No. 1581.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1960’s Private and infrastructure developments were not in existence in the country to make use of these new architects and engineers. Shortage of projects in the country have resulted to an influx of Filipino architects and engineers’ migration to the US and Europe which started in the 60′s. Inexpensive labor and be able to communicate in English of these Filipino professionals made them attractive to be hired by these developed countries. Due to their proficiency in English (compared to other immigrants), Filipino architects/engineers have successfully assimilated in the political and economic structure in their host country. Many architects and engineers have established their own firms. Due to their numbers, Filipino architects and engineers globally have formed their own groups and made alliances with other Filipino associations.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1960’s – 1980’s The automobile age. It was during these decades that road construction becomes a matter of priority of the government under the slogan: “This nation is on Wheels.”  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1960 In 1960, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures prepared a system of units designated the “Systeme Internationale d’ Unites” with the abbreviation SI, for worldwide adoption. It has been adopted and used by most of the over 160 countries in the world, with the exception of Borneo, the Sultanate of Brunei, Liberia and notably the United States.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1961 On September 30, 1961, The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) was founded. Its first president is Engr. Ambrosio Flores 1963 The National Irrigation Administration is a government-owned and controlled corporation tasked with the development and operation of Irrigation Systems all over the country. It was created under RA 3601 which was signed on June 22, 1963 by then President Diosdado P. Macapagal.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1961 On September 30, 1961, The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) was founded. Its first president is Engr. Ambrosio Flores Engr. Ambrosio Flores  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1964 On June 20, 1964, Republic Act No. 4156 is enacted. It changes the corporate name of Manila Railroad Company (MRRCo) to Philippine National Railways (PNR)  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1971 On 19 June 1971, Republic Act 6234 was enacted. It dissolved the National Waterworks and Sewerage System (NAWASA) and created in its place the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS). MWSS was thus given the mandate to ensure an uninterrupted and adequate supply and distribution of potable water for domestic and other purposes at just and equitable rates. The proper operation and maintenance of sewerage systems was likewise part of its mandate.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1972 PACE President Engr. Cesar A. Caliwara, exerted a serious effort in merging the two organizations. Leaders of PACE and PSCE negotiated and talked about the choice of name. Some concerns were raised such as formal accounting and turnover of assets and liabilities, accreditation of bonafide members and election rules for the first officers which were sooner resolved. Engr. Caliwara was also the ASEP President from 1969 to 1970.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1973 On June 1973, Presidential Decree 223 created the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) regulating all professions and accrediting only one organization to represent each profession.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1973 On December 11, 1973, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Registration Certificate No.53896 to the PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, INC. (PICE). This was the culmination and fulfillment of a vision to merge two separate organizations of civil engineers in the country, the Philippine Society of Civil Engineers (PSCE) and the Philippine Association of Civil Engineers (PACE).  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1973 Presidential Decree No. 198, also known as The Provincial Water Utilities Act of 1973, was signed into law on May 25, 1973. That law created the Local Water Utilities Administration or LWUA in the national level and provided for the establishment of Water Districts in provincial cities and municipalities.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1974 On February 1974, the first election of officers of PICE was held and Engr. Cesar Caliwara became its first president. In order to truly unite the civil engineers of the Philippines, provincial chapters were organized. The former Bureau of Public Highways was expanded and restructured into the Department of Public Highways (DPH) for a more effective administration of the country’s highway system through Administrative Order No. 2, dated July 1, 1974.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1975 The first International convention was held in the Philippines on May 20 to 24, 1975 with the theme “Civil Engineering in Disaster Prevention Control." (Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers) On August 13, 1975, the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) recognized the PICE as the only official organization of civil engineers in the Philippines with Accreditation No. 007 In 1975, by a Presidential Decree, the System Internationale (SI) system of units was mandated in the Philippines  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1976 With the change in the form of government, national agencies were renamed from Departments to Ministries. In 1976, Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications (DPWTC) became Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and Communications (MPWTC) & Department of Public Highways (DPH) as Ministry of Public Highways (MPH). In 1976, the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) was created through the National Water Code of the Philippines (Water Code of the Philippines) to coordinate policies concerning water resources.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1977 PD 1096, otherwise known as the National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) was signed on 19 February 1977 with its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) 1978 Under the 1973 Constitution, a Parliamentary Form of governance was established, and departments were renamed into ministries establishing the formal ministry system. Hence, the Department of Public Works and Communications became the Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and Communications (MPWTC). On June 11, 1978, Presidential Decree Number 1594 or “The Prescribing Policies, Guidelines, Rules and Regulations for Government Infrastructure Contracts” was promulgated. Presidential Decree No. 1350 was promulgated on April 7, 1978 – allowing applicants for citizenship to take the board exam pending the approval of their petition.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1978 - 1982 The construction and appurtenant structures were authorized by P.D. 693 signed on May 7, 1975. The Magat Dam was constructed in 1978 and inaugurated on October 27, 1982 and started operations in 1983. Implementation of this multipurpose project was based on the preliminary study conducted in 1973 by the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) with the assistance of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1979 On July 23, 1979 under Executive Order No. 546, MPWTC was again restructured into two (2) Ministries – the Ministry of Public Works (MPW) and the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC), integrating all bureaus and offices concerned with public works functions and activities under the Ministry of Public Works. 1980’s Major highways and expressways were constructed through the financial assistance and loans from foreign banks  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1980 In 1980 the Rural Waterworks Development Corporation (RWDC) was founded, responsible for water supply in areas where neither MWSS nor LWUA carries out the service or assists the LGUs, respectively. The RWDC was expected to create rural water supply associations in order to construct, operate, and maintain their own water supply systems in communities with fewer than 20,000 inhabitants.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1980 On July 12, 1980, the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) was created as a government agency. The Chairman was the then First Lady and Governor of Metro Manila, Imelda Romualdez Marcos. This LRTA confined its activities to determining policies, to the regulation and fixing of fares, and to the planning of extensions to the system. The project was called Metrorail and was operated by a sister company of the former tramway company Meralco, called Metro, Inc. Martial Law executed Letter of Instruction 1000 on March 20, 1980 – the Malacanang edict of having just one organization for each profession to be accredited by the Professional Regulations Commission.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1981 MPW and MPH were merged to become The Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) In as early as 1981, the Philippine Board of Examiners for the Various Licensure Examinations for the Practice of Engineering and Architecture began to use the new system of units, SI. 1980’s The increase of handheld calculators revolutionized engineering, with faster and more efficient calculations leaving the old slide rule behind.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1987 Finally, by virtue of Executive Order No. 124, dated January 30, 1987, the Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) is now known as the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) with five (5) bureaus, six (6) services, 16 regional offices, 24 project management offices, 16 regional equipment services and 118 district engineering offices. As the primary engineering and construction arm of the government, the DPWH is responsible for the planning, design, construction and maintenance of infrastructures such as roads and bridges, flood control systems, water resource development projects and other public works in accordance with national objectives.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1991 And for the first time, a "Civil Engineering Week" for the period November 3 to 9, 1991 was declared by Malacañang thru Proclamation No.799 issued on September 20, 1991 by President Corazon C. Aquino. The C.E. week was celebrated nationwide thru coordinated activities of all PICE chapters and the PICE National Board culminating in the most successful and well-attended ’91 PICE Annual Convention (1,400 plus registered participants).  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1993 The Board of Civil Engineering (at PRC) held its first fully computerized (board) examinations on May 29, 1993 and released the results on November 9, 1993. 1995 On February 28, 1995, the Syllabi for the Subjects in the Civil Engineering licensure examinations were promulgated.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 2004 – 2005 In 2004, the Architecture Act was passed and signed into law. But in 2005, a petition for declaratory relief filed on May 3, 2005 by the PICE and Engr. Leo Cleto Gamolo to declare null and void Sections 302.3 and 302.4 of the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (Revised IRR) of Presidential Decree No. 1096 (National Building Code). The said provisions require that architectural documents submitted in applications for building permits must be prepared, signed, and sealed by architects. PICE claim that the said sections of the Revised IRR, by effectively prohibiting Civil Engineers from also preparing, signing and sealing architectural documents, are contrary to the National Building Code and the Republic Act No. 544 (the Civil Engineering Law), which purportedly gave Civil Engineers the said right.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 2006 Since November 2006 CE Board Exam, the Professional Regulation Commission releases only Top 10 Board Exam Performers and stopped releasing the 11th to 20th places Executive Order No. 566 was issued on September 8, 2006, directing the Commission on Higher Education to regulate the establishment and operation of review centers and similar entities.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 2012 Last March 2012, the Board of Civil Engineering wrote to Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE) that the board exam questions will be increased from 30/35 (per subject) to 100 problems per subject effective for May 2012 CE Board Exams. Meaning, there are 100 problems per subject or a 300-item board exam questions. 2013 Last August 23, 2013, Republic Act 10609 or the Protection of Students’ Right to Enroll in Review Centers Act of 2013 was signed into law. Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1978 Through PD 1341, The Philippine College of Commerce was converted into a chartered state university and accordingly renamed Polytechnic University of the Philippines. This led to the broadening of course offerings and the streamlining of the University's administrative organization. The Faculty of Technology replaced the Center of Skills and Rural Industries Development (CSRID). 1980 The Institute of Technology was created and Dr. Romulo M. Ricafranca was designated as Director. Additional courses were offered including Bachelor in Civil Engineering (BCE). 1987 The Institute was renamed College of Engineering and Architecture with the addition of another degree program leading to Bachelor of Science in Architecture.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1990-1992 Engr. Alberto Cañete (former ASEP President) from Civil Engineering department was designated as Dean of the College of Engineering and Architecture. Among the developments were: Ground-breaking ceremonies held on March 7, 1990 for the construction of the Engineering and Architecture Building. Construction was finished in December 1991. Japan International Cooperation Agency's (JICA) equipment grants worth Php 150M arrived January to March 1992. Japanese experts gave lectures on equipment use to about a hundred faculty on the last week of May 1992.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1992-1993 Engr. Manuel Melchor Bongulto from Civil Engineering department was designated Acting Dean by President Dr. Zenaida A. Olonan. Other developments were: Turn-Over Ceremony of JICA's donation to PUP and visit of CEA facilities was held on August 28, 1992. Publishing of the CEA Spectrum Organization of the CEA Quiz Circle Inspection of the CEA Grant-in-Aid project after one year  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1998-2003 Engr. Vicky S. Cruz from Civil Engineering department was designated as the First Female Dean of College of Engineering and Architecture on November 18, 1998. Among the initiatives and developments were: Restatement of the College' vision, mission goals and objectives Level II accreditation of the CE, ME, IE, EE, CoE and ECE programs Separation of the Dept. of Architecture from CEA thus renaming the College as College of Engineering. Revision of the ladderized curriculum of all six programs Strengthening of the faculty profile by requiring faculty members to enroll in graduate studies and increasing the number of full-time faculty with Master's or Doctorate degrees. Provision of a multi-media center and server room for the College of Engineering and College of Architecture and Fine Arts  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 1998-2003 Improvement of the physical facilities of the College like procurement of tablet chairs, electric fans and drafting tables. Additional billboards for information dissemination and white boards were installed Signing of MOA with SMART, Habitat for Humanity Publishing of the newsletters for the six departments Conduct of qualifying examinations for incoming third year students, shifters and transferees  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT 2006 In February 2006, Dr. Manuel M. Muhi from Civil Engineering Department, assumed the deanship. In 2007, he was able to arrange the follow up project for providing equipment assistance from JICA. On his term, he launched the strong research linkage with the Department of Science and Technology, Commission on Higher Education, different schools and universities, and industry that resulted to the 1st National Engineering Conference that was held in March 2007. It was also the time when the college passed in the Phase 1 Level III AACCUP Accreditation. Developed strong linkage with SMART that provides training for faculty and students, donated laboratory equipment such as computers, etc. Developed strong extension projects with non-government organizations such as Habitat for Humaniy, Rotary Club of Q.C., Kalinga at Pag-Ibig foundation, etc. providing summer skills training for the Out of School Youth.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT CIVIL ENGINEERING BOARD EXAMINATION RESULTS TREND 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 May-13 Nov-13 May-14 Nov-14 May-15 Nov-15 May-16 Nov-16 May-17 Nov-17 May-18 Nov-18 May-19 National Passing Rate PUP CE Performance  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT Arnel Nixon Tañazaña Jonathan Aquino Jericho Cadilena Romualdo Caluag Francisco Silaya 7th Placer, November 1996 8th Placer, November 1995 9th Placer, November 1994 14th Placer, May 1994 7th Placer, May 1993  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT Ruben Llagas Jr. Kenneth Enopeques Rodson Dela Roca Ryan Maynard Mazo John Rey Sandagon 1st Placer, May 2011 6th Placer, November 2010 6th Placer, November 2010 6th Placer, May 2010 8th Placer, November 2008 John Ross Romanillos Melvin Singayan Christian Ramos Rudivien Josef Leonardo Magnawa Jr. 6th Placer, November 2008 4th Placer, May 2008 14th Placer, November 2002 9th Placer, November 2002 5th Placer, November 2001  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT Jaymund Ostonal Chris Andrei Andres Villanueva Jean Steven Erick Bianes Mark Erick Von Tiosing Rayniel Joseph Salonga 7th Placer, November 2022 7th Placer, November 2019 10th Placer, November 2017 6th Placer, May 2016 2nd Placer, November 2015 Jerome Jastiva Kathleene Grace Dadero Jaypee Maquinad Conrad Flores Heherson Gaela 6th Placer, May 2012 6th Placer, November 2011 6th Placer, May 2011 11th Placer, May 2011 9th Placer, May 2011  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT Advincula, Wince Jimmuel Aliola Asendido, Gerald Glenn Urriza Caoili, Charyse Liedn Sitjar Coronel, Matthew James Ramos Eniega, Renel Duzar Ison, Brianna Ysabel Abonite 6 1 Marcos, Paul Ehdrian Laxina Nopueto, Alliah Samantha Figueroa Parel, Wxzy Pearl Bautista Rodriguez, Rolan Kerbie Sobia Terante, Gabriel Abogadil Bajaro, Kurt Phillip Andrade Almazan, Kean David Esayas De Leon, Deuel Dayo Catarroja, Karylle Antion Jumalon, Alfredo III Delima 7 Fermante, Rhyzel Angela Obseñares, Xyroz Marion Bernabe 2 Medina, Shanley Faye Mungcal Santiago, Noreen Santos Pederes, Yna Desiree Bitancor Barretto, Ma. Kaela Joy Ilocto Torres, Miguel Luis Diaz Dela Rama, Iris Zyrah Delos Santos Andres, Paul Claurence Zafra Lasala, Althea Joana Lamboloto 8 Catipay, Anthony James Ada Orozco, Dale Vincent Medel Fuertes, Aerian Rose Valladolid Solomon, Kyrix Sinamban 3 Mila, Daniel Miguel Malapit Besido, Jason John Navarro Picardal, Jhona Mae Porton Derder, Marjun Villaruel Vicuña, Vircel Renzo Realeza Lopez, Keith Nastor 9 Araneta, Ronn Gabriel Tardaguela Paham, Maria Eveth Maingke Claros, Heart Jade Bautista Sumayao, John Ross Lobaton Hermosilla, Czarina Mae 4 Burgos, Janna Mae Ocampo Montecalvo, Reina Lovely Pearl Mendez Dichoso, Bherlyn Joy Borromeo Quiambao, Francis Dale Sagcal Magturo, Anne Joycebelle Calim 10 Arrojado, Iris Claire Perin Pante, John Rafael Rallos Collado, Lee De Leon Tarroc, Ma. Camila Ramirez Ignacio, Lyn Rianne Laroza 5 Moreno, Kian Jade Gotib Quisil, Faith Carol Aunzo  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT Aguilar, Celine Joy Canar Balastigue, Russel James Contado Cleofe, Ruzzell Renzo Bongon Fernandez, Edilberto II Limboy 6 Herrera, Raniel Sta. Ines 1 Lagaran, Hannah Mae Caronan Miras, Abigail Adornado Pillado, Therese Pauline Baldestamon Santos, Leslei Kate Buenafe Barro, Kelly Barrete Alvarez, Niño Christian Escalona Fornoles, Jely Ann Samson 7 Dagdag, Justine Cedrick Domingo Leaño, Chloe Zhap Dizon Ilao, Sam Luwie Faderagao 2 Ragon, James Bryan Gutierrez Munzon, Darh Anzel Gonzaga Busadre, Mhilvert Fabella Soriano, Jan Lorraine Ponce Gammad, Arwen Cinco 8 Ang, Charson Railey Bobadilla Malingin, Reymar Pesidas De Mesa, Louiesa Jane Balajadia Reyes, Angeline Vedaña Jalandoni, Bea Margarette Estrada 3 Cardeño , Precious Dwynekyla Partido Ortiz, Pether Magpantay Ginete, Ma. Elizabeth Dohinog Taruc, Rey Mar Paras Mateo, Symonne Jashriel Rone Delos 9 Ardoña, Bernadette Irish Payanga Reyes Domingo, Aya Katrina Callar Sabino, Reese Maxine Cainglit Jambalos, Carl Daniel Ramos 4 Catigawan, Paul Jen Calderon Paladan, John Ivan Cis Gonzales, Vash Nicolo Landoy 10 Trinidad, Jehan Lara Gacilo Mendoza, N-Jay Basco Artajona, Robygail Aquin Saluba, Mark Eugene Castro Escultura, Ronald Estabaya Junio, Jonalyn Tamondong 5 Peñano, Decerie Venice Corregidor Vidallo, Prince Kennedy Juguilon  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT AREVALO, MARJORIE ISABELA BUENO, IAN PAUL NUÑEZ DELA CRUZ, JAY MARK MANALO FERRER, ALFONSO KENT ABALOYAN HONORATO, AARON JUSTIN MAGANA 1 LINGANAY, ARABELLA DEL ROSARIO 6 NUÑEZ, LARENZ NAPAO PEREZ, REIN CLARENCE CAMACHO SALAZAR, ISAIAH VIC RAFAEL VILLANUEVA, KEITH HARVEY REYES ASTORGA, MA. ALTHEA CASTILLO CABALLES, LLOYD BRIAN CABIGAS DELFIN, MARION LUIS JOLO DELOVINO GALANG, DANIELA PAULINE BASCO 7 ISTURIS, ART LHORWIN GABION 2 MAYORDO, GENALIN AMPER OGATIA, MARGARETH TERNIDA PONCE, SHANNON GHIA PASCUAL SANTIAGO, DAVE HAROLD BAUTISTA CASAMAN, MAYLEN BIANES BANABAN, RUCHIE ANGELO SOBREO GAVARRA, YESHAMAE RESPINO 8 DONGCOY, JOHN JOEY MERCADO, MARY ANNE MENDEZ JIMENEZ JR., MARIO TECSON 3 QUINTO, JEUZ MIGUEL TAMAYO PACINO, GIRLY OSORIO CEÑIDOZA, RIC ERNEST FIGURASIN SAYSON, JHONA MARI MASICAMPO GOME, ANGELA DE TABBALI BELO, INGRID REIGN VINUYA MONTOJO, RENAN BENEDICT QUINITIO 9 DORINGO, KOBE ALLEN RAVALO RAYMUNDO, JUSTINE CHRISTIAN LACAP, KATE MARGARET REJANO 4 YONGCO PANGANIBAN, MARC JASPER ABALOS DAVID, MICKAELA ANTONIO SOLANOY, JILIANE LUISZ SICOR GUMERA, KRAIG JILLIAN ALONZO 10 BON, JAMES MATTHEW PEREZ NILO, PRINCESS CATA ESPINOLA, ADRIAN ALBERT JAYMALIN REYES, JOHN DARREL EVANS CRUZ LANUZA, ERICA MAE ABAD 5 PASCO, JHON MAE SEPE SUAYAN, TRISTAN REYES  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT ALLADA, JAN CARLO ENAYA CANLAS, JASON EMMANUEL DELOS SANTOS DE JESUS, BRYLLE DHEMI VIRGEH CAHILIG FIGUEROA, RHEA MAE LOSTE 6 LACASA, ANTONETTE SALENGA 1 NAPARAM, IAN GERARD GUIYAB PASCUA, JEWELLE ANNE TAPANG SAJOR, VINCENT PAUL L. TEJAM, JOM KHEAN TUNGALA CASTILLO, KENRISSA FRANCISCO BAILON, JOSHUA REYES GOMEZ, ROWENA LOMBOY 7 DELA CRUZ, JAY-R OBANA NIMO, KARL-HEINZ PERFINAN LIMBOY, PETER NEIL DELA PAZ 2 SALAZAR, LEILA CZARIA DE GUZMAN PORLARES, ALIAH JANNA FABRO CASTRO, RABI KHAICZAR VERGARA VILLEGAS, ALTHEA POLINTAN HABLA, LAKE JONECY ALO BALDERA, CHRISTINE OBEJA, PAMELA SHANE CASSANDRA 8 DELOS REYES, REN JAMIR RAMOS GALAGALA MAZO, KATRINA MAE FONTELO 3 SANTIAGO, EXEOUIEL MARS KATIPUNAN QUISI, SARAH MAE CERVANTES, MELONA GRACE VELASCO WILLIAMS, ALEXANDER IBANA, ASHLEY NICOLE CURUTAN 9 BUNAG, EFREN NATHANIEL PRADO OLIVEROS, ALEXANDRA JULIA GONZALES DURAN, RAYMOND SILVA SOLOMON. CHRISTINE JAEV CARANDO 4 CRUZ, CHELSEA MARIE ADONA MILLENA, ARJELL LIPON REBITO, RUTH AMOS SABOCOJAN JUGAR, JHICA PAJA 10 CABUGOY, CRYSTAL ANGEL SUDLA PANTALUNAN, REGIE SANTOS FALCASANTOS, ZYRISH JADE MOLINA TABLAN, AARON BAYANI 5 MONTOYA JR., RODOLFO PAGULAYAN REYES, XYRELLE ANNE B.  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT ABAIGAR, YURI LOBERES BERNABE, ANGELICA Q. CAYAPAS, ZHARIE MAE MALACAMAN 1 FERRER, HUMPHREY ALCARAZ 6 LACSAO, ANALIZA DELA ROSA REGOITA, CHRISTIAN NORIEL LAVENTE AUSTRIA, MERINICOLLE JEBULAN BUGAYONG, JULIANA CAYLE HABAL CORONEL, NATHANIEL BENAGLES 2 GARIBAY, ANGELICA PESCANTE 7 LOVINA, MARIEL KAYE DELACRUZ SASPA, AIMEE MARIE GUTIERREZ BARAMMEDA, ANGELO BONCOLMO CARDILLO, JOSHUA TUPAZ CUBACUB, MICAELLA GALLARON 3 GONZALES, KYLE CANO 8 MANUBA, ALAENA MYKA BONDOCOY SEÑAR, JHEI MORA BAUTISTA, JERIC JARUYAN CARREON, ANGELICA ROSE DEMETRIAL DIOLA, JOHN CEDRICK ROMERO 4 GUARIN, SARAH JANE BOLADO 9 PANESA, MELVIN TATAC, CASSANDRA MAY CORPUZ BEGRADO, VERA MAE LADINES CAUILAN, MA. FRANCHESKA BLANCAD EFA, JULIE ANN YBAÑEZ 5 JUALO, ANN CHRISTINE BARANDA 10 PORNOBI, RHENDZEL MANAO TURLA, BRENT YVANNIEL GARDOSE  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT ALVIZ, SHAWN ANDRE DEODORA BERIN, JOANNA MARIE SANTIAGO FAJUNIO, ALBERT JOSEPH GANOLA 1 GUEMO, MA. CRISTINA MELISSA GOLIAT 6 LLANTO, MICA-ELLA LEGACION PRUDENCIADO, FRANCIS MANGILIT ARGENTE, LEYNARD BERONILLA, ANGELA MORIT FLORES, REYMART OCAMPO 2 IGNACIO, MICHAEL DEON AGUSTIN 7 MANUEL, JHON DERRICK NAJIAL ZERNA, KERVIN CATACUTAN BAGUNAS, SARAH JANE COLIAO CABLAO, KURVEY CLARK ZAMENIO 8 JOSE, DENMARK GAPPI, JAMIE ANDREA DE JESUS 3 CARREON, JAMES CEDRICK DELA CRUZ MULANO, MARC RENIEL DEL ROSARIO 9 LABUGA, DANELLA AILAH PEÑAFIEL BARIL, ANGEL VIEN ALDAY DERLA, JOHN CEDRIC BAUTISTA GARINGO, ANGELIQUE KYLE 4 10 NICDAO, CHRISTINE JOY MANLIMOS LARA, JELLO CURITA BAUTISTA, ROGER LACTAO GRAVOSO, ALAIZA ACIBAR 5 OPALLA, JOHNKYLE WAYONG  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT AYRAN AYRAN DELGADO DELGADO 6 6 OXILES OXILES SANTOS SANTOS ARANDIA ARANDIA JAMBALOS JAMBALOS 7 7 PACHECO PACHECO SILVESTRE SILVESTRE ESPIN ESPIN CRUZ, K CRUZ, K 8 8 LANZADERAS LANZADERAS PACIA PACIA CRUZ, M CRUZ, M LISING LISING 9 9 PALARCA PALARCA VENTURA VENTURA DE CASTRO DE CASTRO LIWANAG 10 LIWANAG 10 PEÑA PEÑA  Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT ACERIOS CO DAEP FRANCISCO 1 6 GONZALES MANAHAN MANONG SAMONTE BOALOY BALACUA DUNGOL DIOSO 2 7 MACHATE LACAR ROSALES ONGLAO ANIÑON CORRAL DELA CRUZ GARCIA 3 8 JOSE MANALANG MARCELINO TICMAN CAMMAGAY BANDAGOZA FERMIA DIZON 4 9 MAILIG LAZO SALVADOR PACATANG AVELINO CUIZON DELA PAZ GATCHALIAN 10 5 JUANEZA MANCILLA OLAVERIA Civil Engineering DEPARTMENT