Week 2 Biology - Cell Structures and Functions PDF

Cell Structures and Functions Introduction Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-2 Cellular Structures and Functions Cell Membrane ❖Thin layer of lipid and protein that separate’s cell contents from its environment. ❖Made up of PHOSPHOLIPID...

Cell Structures and Functions Introduction Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-2 Cellular Structures and Functions Cell Membrane ❖Thin layer of lipid and protein that separate’s cell contents from its environment. ❖Made up of PHOSPHOLIPID ❖Phosphate head – water-loving; facing water inside and out of the cell. ❖Lipid tail – water-fearing; sandwiched inside the bilayer. ❖Cell wall – outer covering of the plants that helps maintain its shape. Cytoplasm ❖Liquid portion of the cell. ❖Made up of water and organic compound. ❖Organelles “Mini organs” found in cytoplasm that perform specific functions. ❖Cytoskeleton – network of proteins and fibers. ❖Ribosomes – make protein needed by the cells. ❖Endoplasmic Reticulum – network of membranes that produces materials for the cell. ❖Rough ER – Synthesis of proteins that will be secreted by the cell. ❖Smooth ER – Makes lipids, processes carbohydrates and modifies chemical that are toxic to the cell. ❖ Golgi Apparatus – transports substances in the cell. ❖ Mitochondria – energy producing organelles. Energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). “Power house of the cell”. ❖Lysosomes – contains digestive enzymes that help breakdown large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. ❖Vacuole – membrane bound compartment that absorbs water. Nucleus ❖Contains most of the genetic material. ❖Surrounded by Nuclear envelope – separates the nucleus to cytoplasm. ❖Chromosomes – carries genetic information. ❖All organisms have exact number of chromosomes. ❖Contains “blueprint”. ❖Nucleolus – Manufactures RNA and protein. ❖Structures for movement ❖Cilia – short hair like projections usually occurs in large numbers. Use alternating strokes for movement. ❖Flagella – long tail-like projections. ❖Prokaryotic Flagella – spin like propellers. ❖Eukaryotic Flagella – move with whip-like motion.