week 2.pptx

LABORATORY LABORATORY: DEFINITION A ROOM OR BUILDING EQUIPPED FOR SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS, RESEARCH, OR TEACHING, OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DRUGS OR CHEMICALS. Laboratories are one of the characteris...

LABORATORY LABORATORY: DEFINITION A ROOM OR BUILDING EQUIPPED FOR SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS, RESEARCH, OR TEACHING, OR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DRUGS OR CHEMICALS. Laboratories are one of the characteristic features of education at all levels. It would be rare to find any education course without a substantial component of laboratory activity. It is taken for granted that experiment work is a fundamental part of education course. Thus the development of experiment skills among the students is often a suggested justification. Enabling students to personally experience the joy of discovering principles and relationships. Allowing students to actually engage in doing rather than being a passive observer or recipient of knowledge in the learning process. OBJECTIVES OF SCIENCE LABORATORY Development of scientific concept and principles. Development of scientific skill attitude interest and appreciation.  Training in scientific method. Awakening the maintenance of curiosity in the environment.  Making abstract scientific understanding. Reliability and accurate test result. Consistent monitoring and evaluation of the laboratory performance. The implementation and follow-up of corrective actions for non conformance to procedure.  General rules and regulation of laboratory Know emergency exit routes. Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals. Minimize all chemical exposures. No horseplay will be tolerated. Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic. Avoid distracting or startling persons working in the laboratory. Use equipment only for its designated purpose. Combine reagents in their appropriate order, such as adding acid to water. Avoid adding solids to hot liquids. All laboratory personnel should place emphasis on safety and chemical hygiene at all times. Never leave containers of chemicals open. All containers must have appropriate labels. Unlabeled chemicals should never be used. Do not taste or intentionally sniff chemicals. Designated and well-marked waste storage locations are necessary. No cell phone or ear phone usage in the active portion of the laboratories, or during experimental operations. Avoid wearing jewelry in the lab as this can pose multiple safety hazards. TYPES OF LABORATORY Psychology Laboratory Computer laboratory Language Laboratory Social Science Laboratory Mathematics Laboratory Physical Science Laboratory Biological Science Laboratory  IMPORTANCE OF LABORATORY WORK The laboratory helps the students in the development of a new skill. Laboratory exercise them in scientific thinking that develop scientific attitude and scientific method are as a result of laboratory work. The teacher comes into closer contact with the individual and help them to bring out their difficulties. The achievements of modern science are mainly due to the application of experimental method. In doing laboratory work the student get a chance for activity both physical and intellectual and they are learning by doing. Practical Knowledge Interest and good experience Laboratory Mental and physical Scientific Development activity PRINCIPLES OF LABORATORY CONSTRUCTION o The laboratory should be compact in arrangement but at the same time capable of expansion to meet the growing needs of the school. o Fittings and furniture should be planned to be convenient for use and economical in the long run. o The arrangements of furniture should ensure ease of Supervision and proper lighting. o There should be enough storage accommodation and Sufficient wall space should be left for additional fixtures.  CLEAN SAFE SECURE LABORATORY WELL ENOUGH ORGANISED SPACE EFFECTIVE  Physical Science Laboratory: This helps the student to develop a broad array of basic skills and tools of experimental physics and data analysis. It helps the students to understand the role of direct observation in physics and to distinguish between inferences based on theory and the outcomes of experiments and develop collaborative learning skills that are vital to success in many lifelong endeavours. It gives the student an appreciation of the way chemistry, as a science, works. Above all, the aims offer possibilities where the student learner can be challenged to think, to argue, to weigh evidence, to explore chemical ideas. There is an opportunity to make chemistry real, to illustrate ideas and concepts, to expose theoretical ideas to empirical testing, to teach new chemistry and as a source of evidence in enquiry and to learn how to devise experiments which offer genuine insights into chemical phenomena. It helps to learn the skills of observation and the skills of deduction and interpretation. The Intellectual stimulation is connections with the ‘real world’, raising enthusiasm for chemistry. Biological Science Laboratory: The study of biology provides students with opportunities to develop an understanding of our living world. Biology is the study of life and its evolution, of organisms and their structures, functions, processes, and interactions with each other and with their environments. The knowledge of biology includes scientific data, concepts, hypotheses, theories, methodology, use of instruments, and conceptual themes. The students will use the processes and materials of science to construct their own explanation of biological phenomena. They observe, collect data and interpret data of life processes, living organisms, and/or simulations of living phenomena. The distinction between laboratory and traditional classroom learning is that activities are student-centered, with students actively engaged in hands-on, minds-on activities using laboratory or field materials and techniques.  Key Points Since laboratories were introduced in the late 1800s, the goals of high school science education have changed. Today, high school science education aims to provide scientific literacy for all as part of a liberal education and to prepare students for further study, work, and citizenship. Educators and researchers do not agree on the definition and goals of high school science laboratories or on their role in the high school science curriculum. The committee defines high school science laboratories as follows: laboratory experiences provide opportunities for students to interact directly with the material world (or with data drawn from the material world), using the tools, data collection techniques, models, and theories of science. QUESTIONS THANK YOU ?What is laboratory It is a facility that provide controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research,experiments and.measurements may be performed FUNCTIONS OF LABORATORY Makes students familiar with equipments and .terminology used in science To understand the underlying principles/theories .behind experimental data To train students in analysis of data and its .presentation in tables and graphs.To give students experience of working in teams .To train students in experimental methods .To encourage deep understanding in children .Helps in the development of manipulative skills  FUNCTIONS OF LABORATORY Contd.. Get a chance for activity and thus promotes .learning by doing Train pupil in scientific thinking,scientific attitudes .and scientific methods.The experiments done are a source of motivation  Teachers come into closer contact with students .and help them to bring out of their difficulties  FUNCTIONS OF LABORATORY ..Contd Modern science are mainly based on application of experimental.method. It is in the laboratory pupils get a training in this It deepens the students understanding that scientific concepts and .application are closely related to his natural environment.Pupil get a first hand learning experience  OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED THROUGH THE USE OF LABORATORY Five group of objectives Skills  Concepts  Cognitive abilities  Understanding the nature of science  Attitudes  General principles of laboratory construction.Should be compact in arrangement  Fittings and furniture should be .convenient and economical There must be enough storage  accomodation and sufficient wall space LABORATORY ROOMS Large rooms with sufficient.sunlight, lightings and ventilations Doors and windows should open.outwards Other neccessities include working benches, demonstration tables, sink, blackboard, almirah, bottle..shelves, waste boxes etc Selection and purchase of things for laboratory The list of apparatus may be divided into  :two Essentials  Desirables  In ordering goods, full specifications of the  articles should be given After finalising list the teacher will invite  quotations.from science firm Economy in the laboratory Money should be spent for purchasing only those .things used in laboratory Only good type of apparatus of glass should be  bought Pupil should not damage apparatus through  carelessness or ignorance  Laboratory rules No pupil is allowed to enter lab in the absence of .teacher.Every pupil must have a seat assigned to him .Unnecessary talking is forbidden .Bottles must be labeled clearly  Reagent bottles should be .returned to shelves after use  Take care while handling Glasses, acids , strong  alkalies Gases like H2S, SO2, CL2 and  CO Salts of lead, mercury and  zinc Explosive materials  Accidents in Laboratory and First Aid Wounds - Apply cotton dipped in tincture iodine  Burns from fire - Cover the portion with linen  dipped in vaseline Burns from acids - Wash with water and then with  1% sodium bicarbonate solution Injuries to eye - Should dealt with doctor  Burns from alkalies - Wash with water and then  with weak vinegar or lime juice Precautions while doing practical's Laboratory glass ware must be never .used as drinking vessels Solutions split on the bench or floor .should be cleaned immediately Do not look in the mouth of a test tube .while heating its contents.Always use test tube while heating  Do not point to other people with a test .tube Registers in laboratory Permanent stock register  It contain details of article which are not consumed or broken like magnets, iron stands,..wooden blocks etc  Registers in laboratory Consumable stock register  It includes chemicals and other fluids that can be consumed such as acids, alcohol, distilled..water etc Registers in laboratory Requirement register  The most appropriate method of collecting suggestions for new resources is to note in.requirement register Registers in laboratory Order register  It includes records of orders send for the.purchase of new apparatus Registers in laboratory Breakable stock register  Includes breakable articles like test tubes,..beakers, pipettes, funnels etc