Week 1.pdf

AI in Business Powering Business Transformation with Innovation What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? AI is a machine’s ability to perform the cognitive functions we associate with human minds, such as perceiving, reasoning, learning, interacting with the en...

AI in Business Powering Business Transformation with Innovation What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? AI is a machine’s ability to perform the cognitive functions we associate with human minds, such as perceiving, reasoning, learning, interacting with the environment, problem solving, and even exercising creativity (Link) AI is the ability of machines or соmрutеr-соntrоlled robots to execute tasks that are аssосiаted with intelligence (Link) History of AI The Imitation Game Alan Turing was the first person to conduct substantial research in the field that he called machine intelligence. (Link) (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) Alan Turing was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. Turing was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in formalization of the concepts the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, of algorithm and computation and military communication. with the Turing machine, which can be considered a It was employed extensively by Nazi model of a general-purpose Germany during World War II, in all computer. He is widely branches of the German military. The considered to be the father of Enigma machine was considered so theoretical computer science secure that it was used to encipher the and artificial intelligence. most top-secret messages. (Link)  Image result for further reading icon History of AI The history of artificial intelligence (AI) can be traced back to the 1950s when a group of researchers started exploring ways to create machines that could mimic human intelligence. The field of AI has since evolved and has become one of the most important topics for seminar subjects, PPT presentations, and workshop themes. THE BIRTH OF AI The term “artificial intelligence” was coined in 1956 at a workshop at Dartmouth College. The goal of this workshop was to develop machines that could demonstrate human- like intelligence (Link). Researchers such as Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy, and Allen Newell played significant roles in shaping the early development of AI. During this period, researchers focused on developing programs that could perform tasks that required human intelligence, such as problem-solving and language translation. Early AI systems used logical and mathematical approaches to mimic human thought processes and decision-making.  History of AI THE AI WINTER: In the 1970s and MODERN AI: Today, AI has become an 1980s, AI faced a period of integral part of various industries and skepticism and reduced funding, applications. AI technologies such as commonly known as the “AI winter.” natural language processing, computer This was due to the inability of early vision, and robotics have revolutionized AI systems to deliver on the sectors such as healthcare, finance, promises made by researchers. The transportation, and entertainment. lack of advancements in AI The development of AI has been driven by technology resulted in a decline in advances in computing power, the interest and investment in the field. availability of large datasets, and However, in the 1990s, the AI winter breakthroughs in algorithms and deep ended as new breakthroughs and learning techniques. As AI continues to advancements led to a resurgence evolve, it presents exciting opportunities of interest in AI. Researchers began and challenges, making it a popular topic in to develop more sophisticated almost all domains. algorithms and techniques that improved the capabilities of AI systems. Machine learning: This approach enabled AI systems to learn from data and improve their performance over time. Machine learning algorithms provided the foundation for many modern AI applications, including Expert systems: This approach speech recognition and image classification. focused on capturing the knowledge and expertise of human experts and Deep learning: It is a subset of machine representing it in a computer learning that uses multi-layered neural program. Expert systems were used networks, called deep neural networks, to in various domains, including simulate the complex decision-making medicine, finance, and engineering. power of the human brain. Some form of deep learning powers most of the artificial intelligence (AI) in our lives today History of AI Machine Learning The Future of AI АI саn be classified intо three categories bаsed on its capabilities: Narrow АI: It is capable of intelligently accomplishing specific tasks. АI is nоw in а restricted stage. General АI: Artificial General Intelligence, оr АGI, is а term that refers tо machines that саn mimic human intelligence. Suрer АI: Suрer АI refers to self-aware АI that hаs cognitive capacities that аre superior tо humаns. It is a level at which machines with cognitive abilities саn рerfоrm any task that а humаn саn. Аt this time, АI is classified аs Narrow АI оr Weаk АI, which саn only dо specific jоbs. Self-driving automobiles, voice recognition, and other technologies аre a few examples. АI hаs applications in practically every field, and we’ll talk about the future of AI in eасh оf the key fields. Health Care Industry: AlphaFold protein design Education Finance: Robo Advisors Military and Cybersecurity: Vision 60 Transportation: Self-driving cars Advertising: Amazon Some Quotes It is difficult to think of a major industry that AI will not transform. This includes Yann LeCun healthcare, education, French-American computer scientist, Chief AI transportation, retail, Scientist at Meta Success in creating AI communications, and would be the biggest agriculture. There are event in human Larry Page surprisingly clear paths for AI Former CEO of Google history. Unfortunately, to make a big difference in all it might also be the of these industries. last, unless we learn how to avoid the risks Once AI systems become Stephen Hawking English theoretical physicist more intelligent than humans, and cosmologist humans we will still be the "apex species." Artificial intelligence would be Andrew Ng Sam Altman the ultimate version of Google. British-American computer scientist, CEO of OpenAI Founder of DeepLearning.AI The ultimate search engine that would understand Elon Musk everything on the web. It CEO of Tesla Motors would understand exactly what you wanted, and it would give The pace of progress in artificial intelligence you the right thing. We’re (I’m not referring to narrow AI) is incredibly nowhere near doing that now. fast. Unless you have direct exposure to However, we can get groups like Deepmind, you have no idea how incrementally closer to that, fast—it is growing at a pace close to AI will probably most likely lead to and that is basically what we exponential. The risk of something seriously the end of the world, but in the work on. dangee. rous happening is in the five-year meantime, there'll be great companies. time fram10 years at most.  Image result for further reading icon AI in Business Sales Operations Demand Forecasting based on client interaction Inventory Management Outbound email campaigns tracking Lead scoring to prioritize customers Human Resource Analyzing Candidate Profiles Marketing Organization Network Analysis Market Research based on customer feedbacks Competitor Analysis to notify you of trends Accounting Image recognition to analyze social media pics Performing repetitive tasks Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Semi-Automating complex processes like payroll Customer Support Data Analytics Automatically assess customer messages Automated report generation Tag urgency and trigger actions Code generation and debugging errors How AI is Reshaping the Business Landscape Further Readings Image result for further reading icon How AI is Reshaping the Business Landscape Image result for further reading icon How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Businesses Turing Test The Turing Test is a method of inquiry in artificial intelligence (AI) for determining whether or not a computer is capable of thinking like a human being. The test is named after Alan Turing, the founder of the Turing Test and an English computer scientist, cryptanalyst, mathematician and theoretical biologist. Turing proposed that a computer can be said to possess artificial intelligence if it can mimic human responses under specific conditions. The original Turing Test requires three terminals, each of which is physically separated from the other two. One terminal is operated by a computer, while the other two are operated by humans. During the test, one of the humans functions as the questioner, while the second human and the computer function as respondents. The questioner interrogates the respondents within a specific subject area, using a specified format and context. After a preset length of time or number of questions, the questioner is then asked to decide which respondent was human and which was a computer. The test is repeated many times. If the questioner makes the correct determination in half of the test runs or less, the computer is considered to have artificial intelligence because the questioner regards it as "just as human" as the human respondent Variations and alternatives to the Turing Test Reverse Turing Test: where a human tries to convince a computer that it is not a computer. An example of this is a CAPTCHA. Total Turing Test: where the questioner can also test perceptual abilities as well as the ability to manipulate objects. Minimum Intelligent Signal Test: where only true/false and yes/no questions are given. CAPTCHA Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart This reCAPTCHA test takes into account the movement of the user's cursor as it CAPTCHA is a type of security measure approaches the checkbox. Even the most direct motion by a human has some amount known as challenge-response authentication. of randomness on the microscopic level: tiny unconscious movements that bots can't easily mimic. If the cursor's movement contains some of this unpredictability, then the test decides that the user is probably legitimate. The reCAPTCHA also may assess reCAPTCHA is a the cookies stored by the browser on a user device and the device's history in order to CAPTCHA system tell if the user is likely to be a bot. developed by scientist Luis If the test is still unable to determine whether or not the user is a human, it may von Ahn. It was originally present an additional challenge, such as the image recognition test described above. released in 2007 and later However, most of the time the user's cursor movements, cookies, and device history acquired by Google in are conclusive enough. 2009. This security mechanism is designed to What triggers a CAPTCHA test? distinguish between human users and automated bots Some web properties just automatically have CAPTCHAs in place as a proactive by presenting users with defense against bots. Other times, a test may be triggered if user behavior seems to challenges like image resemble a bot's behavior: if users request web pages or click hyperlinks at a far identification or puzzle- higher rate than average, for instance. solving.