Week 14.pptx

Resilience and Vulnerability WEEK 14 Resilience and Vulnerability in Lake Social- Ecological Systems  Introduction Defining Resilience Understanding Vulnerability Lake Social-Ecological...

Resilience and Vulnerability WEEK 14 Resilience and Vulnerability in Lake Social- Ecological Systems  Introduction Defining Resilience Understanding Vulnerability Lake Social-Ecological Systems Resilience refers to the ability of a system to Vulnerability examines the susceptibility of a This presentation focuses on the withstand and recover from disturbances, system to harm or damage from internal and interconnected social and ecological maintaining its core functions and identity. external stressors. components that make up lake systems. This introduction sets the stage for exploring the complex dynamics of resilience and vulnerability in lake social-ecological systems.  What is Resilience? Resilience is the capacity of a social-ecological system, such as a lake ecosystem, to absorb changes and disturbances without losing its core functions and structures. It is the ability to adapt, reorganize, and transform in the face of external pressures, allowing the system to maintain its essential characteristics and continue providing valuable services to the surrounding community.  Livelihood Diversification Enhances resilience Reduces vulnerability Limits and trade-offs Diversifying income sources can help By relying on multiple livelihood activities, However, livelihood diversification also has households better withstand shocks and households are less dependent on any single limits, as it may require significant stresses, such as climate variability, source of income, which can decrease their investments of time, capital, or skills, and can economic downturns, or resource scarcity. overall vulnerability. involve trade-offs, such as reduced specialization or increased workload. Livelihood diversification can be a valuable strategy for enhancing resilience, but it is important to consider its limitations and potential trade- offs within the context of the specific social-ecological system.  Social Capital Networks Trust Reciprocity Connections between individuals, groups, and High levels of trust among community A culture of mutual assistance and organizations can facilitate information sharing members can promote cooperation and exchange can enable the sharing of and collective action during times of stress or support during periods of uncertainty or resources and knowledge to enhance change. disruption. adaptive capacity. By leveraging social capital, lake social-ecological systems can cultivate resilience and the ability to withstand and adapt to various challenges and disturbances.  Limits to Resilience Overreliance on Livelihood Erosion of Traditional Knowledge and Diversification Practices While livelihood diversification can enhance resilience, it As communities adapt to changing social-ecological can also lead to trade-offs and vulnerabilities if taken to conditions, they may lose traditional ecological an extreme. Households may become stretched too knowledge and practices that were once central to their thin, unable to invest adequately in any single livelihood resilience. This can undermine the ability to respond activity. effectively to future disturbances. Limitations of Social Capital Mismatch between Scale of Social capital, such as community networks and trust, Resilience and Scale of Challenges can facilitate collective action and resource sharing. The resilience of individual households or communities However, these social ties can also perpetuate may not be sufficient to address large-scale, systemic inequalities, exclude certain groups, and create insular challenges, such as climate change or global economic communities resistant to external support or change. forces. Resilience at higher scales requires coordination and resources that can overwhelm local capacities.  Case Study: Lake Tanganyika Lake Tanganyika is the second-largest freshwater lake in the world by volume and the second-deepest, located in East Africa. The lake and its surrounding basin form a complex social-ecological system that has faced significant challenges to its resilience in recent decades. Overfishing, pollution, and climate change have threatened the lake's delicate balance, impacting the livelihoods of the millions of people who depend on it.  Factors Affecting Resilience Environmental Changes Economic Pressures Social Dynamics Shifts in climate patterns, extreme Fluctuations in resource availability, Changes in population demographics, weather events, and habitat market demands, and economic cultural practices, and social cohesion degradation can significantly activities can challenge the social and can influence the adaptive capacity and impact the ecological resilience of economic resilience of lake-dependent resilience of lake social-ecological lake systems. communities. systems. Resource Extraction Governance and Policies Unsustainable or unregulated resource extraction, such as The effectiveness and adaptability of governance overfishing or water withdrawal, can degrade the ecological structures, policies, and management strategies can either resilience of lake systems. promote or hinder the overall resilience of lake social- ecological systems.  Implications and Recommendations Recognize the multifaceted Incorporate adaptive Prioritize stakeholder nature of resilience management approaches engagement and Flexible and iterative management collaboration Resilience in lake social-ecological strategies that can respond to Engaging with diverse stakeholders, systems involves complex changing conditions and evolving including local communities, interactions between ecological, challenges are essential for resource managers, and social, and economic factors. enhancing the resilience of lake policymakers, can help identify Addressing these interconnected systems. shared goals and co-create components is crucial for solutions that address the unique developing effective strategies. needs of each lake system. By understanding the limits of resilience and adopting a comprehensive, adaptive, and collaborative approach, we can develop more effective strategies to address the complex challenges faced by lake social-ecological systems. Resilience, Ecology, and Adaptation in the Experimental City  Resilience Ecology Adaptation The ability of a system to withstand and The study of the relationships between living The process of adjustment to changing recover from disruptions, maintaining core organisms and their environment, including the conditions, allowing systems to survive and functions and structures. flow of energy and cycling of materials. thrive in the face of challenges. This presentation will explore how the concepts of resilience, ecology, and adaptation intersect within the context of experimental cities, shedding light on the dynamic processes shaping urban environments. “Resilience is the ability of a system to absorb changes and disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and functions.” C.S. HOLLING  Ecological Perspective The city can be viewed as a complex, dynamic ecosystem where various components, such as infrastructure, transportation, energy, and human populations, interact and adapt to create a resilient urban environment. By adopting an ecological perspective, we can better understand the interdependencies and feedback loops that shape the city's overall resilience and ability to adapt to changing conditions.  Adaptive Capacity Rapid Response Mechanisms Flexible and Adaptive Infrastructure Experimental cities develop rapid response mechanisms Experimental cities invest in flexible and adaptive that allow for immediate action in the face of challenges, infrastructure, such as modular building systems, such as emergency communication systems, disaster decentralized energy networks, and multi-purpose public preparedness plans, and real-time monitoring of spaces, that can be quickly reconfigured in response to environmental conditions. changing conditions. Iterative Improvement Cycles Culture of Innovation Experimental cities foster a culture of iterative Experimental cities foster a culture of innovation, where improvement, where challenges are seen as opportunities risk-taking, experimentation, and the exploration of novel to learn, adapt, and refine solutions, leading to enhanced solutions are encouraged and supported, leading to the resilience over time. development of transformative adaptive capacities. Diverse Stakeholder Engagement Experimental cities actively engage a diverse range of stakeholders, including residents, businesses, and local organizations, to co-create solutions that address the unique needs and perspectives of the community.  Case Study: Resilient Rotterdam 2007 2015 Developed the Launched the Rotterdam Rotterdam Climate Adaptation Strategy, 2020 Initiative, a which identifies key Installed a network of comprehensive plan to vulnerabilities and community-based water squares reduce carbon emissions outlines specific actions that double as public spaces and adapt to climate to enhance the city's and help manage stormwater change impacts. resilience. during heavy rainfall events. 2013 Implemented the Waterplan 2, a water 2019 management strategy Opened the Rijnhaven Floating that integrates flood Office, the world's largest floating protection, water office building, as a demonstration storage, and water of sustainable urban development. quality improvements.  Urban Biodiversity Rooftop Garden Bioswale Green Wall Urban Forest A lush rooftop garden with a variety of A bioswale with native vegetation A vertical green wall integrated into A diverse urban forest with mature native plants, providing habitat for lining a city street, capturing the facade of a building, increasing trees providing shade, habitat, and pollinators and small urban wildlife. stormwater runoff and promoting vegetation and cooling the urban improving air quality in the city. groundwater recharge. microclimate.  Innovative Technologies Smart Infrastructure Renewable Energy Data-Driven Decision-Making Experimental cities are leveraging advanced These cities are investing in renewable Experimental cities are using real-time data technologies to create intelligent, connected energy sources like solar, wind, and and advanced analytics to inform urban infrastructure that can adapt to changing geothermal power to reduce their carbon planning, resource management, and conditions, optimize resource use, and footprint, increase energy resilience, and emergency preparedness, enabling more enhance emergency response capabilities. support sustainable development. informed and responsive decision-making.  Lessons Learned Percentage of key resilience factors across experimental cities 92% 85% 84% 78% 79% Adaptive Capacity Infrastructure Flexibility Community Sustainability Initiatives Disaster Preparedness Engagement