Healthy Public Policy PDF

Healthy Public Policy Amber Johnson, RN (EC), MSc, PHCNP NURS 404 Community Health Promotion Theory Reproduction or distribution of this presentation without written permission by Amber Johnson is prohibited.   Healthy Public Policy (HPP) and how poli...

Healthy Public Policy Amber Johnson, RN (EC), MSc, PHCNP NURS 404 Community Health Promotion Theory Reproduction or distribution of this presentation without written permission by Amber Johnson is prohibited.   Healthy Public Policy (HPP) and how policy is formed  The role of HPP in health promotion  Examples of HPP Overview  Role of the nurse in HPP  Nurses and Environmental Health / Climate Change policy   Many types of policies exist within different aspects of our society, such as organizational, practice and private policies  The unique element of public policy is the level of decision-making. Public policies are authoritative What is decisions made by public authorities. In the Canadian public context, public authorities are municipal, provincial or federal governments. policy?  Public policy can be a statement or strategic action:  A public policy statement defines one or more problems affecting a population or one or more groups within it  Public policy can take the form of strategic action led by a public authority to address a situation or events that are affecting the population Source: WRHA  1. Identify objectives 2. Identify alternative courses of action for achieving Policy objectives Formation 3. Predict the possible consequences of each alternative (in ideal 4. Evaluate the possible consequences of each world) alternative 5. Select the alternative that maximizes the attainment of objectives  Rational approaches to policy formation do not capture the emotions or moral intuitions that play into policy Policy development and selling that policy to the public People are complicated, and preferences change Formation depending on how choices are presented and by whom (in real life) Society is not a collection of autonomous, rational decision makers that only come together for development of a policy   Context: What is the situation? Why is policy needed?  Content: What is the actual policy being proposed?  Process: How is the policy formulated? How is it implemented? How do we conceive of policy? Source: Walt & Gilson, 1994 What are policy options? Source: Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Public health ethical issues. London: Nuffield Council on Bioethics. 2007 How do we  Stakeholders have: engage  - Different stakeholder priorities s?  - Different values Source: Walt & Gilson, 1994  Healthy public policy is characterized by an explicit concern for health and equity in all areas of policy and by an accountability for health impact. The main aim of healthy public policy is to create a supportive environment to enable people to lead healthy lives. Such a policy makes health choices possible or easier for citizens. It Healthy makes social and physical environments health-enhancing. In the pursuit of healthy public Public Policy policy, government sectors concerned with agriculture, trade, education, industry, and communications need to take into account health as an essential factor when formulating policy. These sectors should be accountable for the health consequences of their policy decisions. They should pay as much attention to health as to economic considerations. Source: WHO, Second International Conference on Health Promotion, Adelaide, South Australia, 5-9 April 1988  Healthy public policy: A key health promotion action  Create a supportive environment to enable people to lead healthy lives  Makes health choices possible or easier for citizens  Makes social and physical environments health- Origins – enhancing Ottawa  Take into account health as an essential factor when formulating policy Charter  As much attention to health as to economic (1986) considerations Source: WHO, Second International Conference on Health Promotion, Adelaide, South Australia, 5-9 April 1988   Recognizing that health is determined by more than health services, healthy public policy shifts attention from the planning, funding and delivery of healthcare services alone, to the broader structural and social determinants of health. Understandi  As many of the determinants of health lie outside the ng Healthy domain of the health sector, such as housing, income, and physical environments, healthy public policy Public Policy approaches cross multiple policy domains.  Partnerships and collaboration with other sectors such as education, transportation, urban planning, among others, continue to be a priority for public health practice Source: WRHA Healthy Public Policy Toolkit   Healthy public policy  Bike helmets  Seatbelt/helmet laws Examples   Fluoride in the water Climate Change  Smoking restrictions  Workplace regulations   Advocates for healthy public policy and social justice by participating in legislative and policy-making activities that influence the determinants of health and access to service The  Takes action with and for the client at the organizational, municipal, provincial, territorial, and Community federal levels to address service gaps, inequities in health and accessibility issues Health  Uses quality evidence to inform policy advocacy, Nurse development and implementation  Provides leadership in collaboration with the community to advocate for healthy public policy based on the foundations of health equity and social justice Source: Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards, 2019  As the largest group of health-care providers in Canada, nurses have significant influence on a wide- range of policies related to health and health care. Decision-makers seek out nurses’ expertise when Canadian considering changes or reforms to health policy.  CNA’s policy experts consult, research and deliver Nurses evidence-based recommendations through Association presentations and briefs when governments look to Canada’s nurses for guidance  CNA develops position statements when health issues of concern demand a clearly articulated standpoint and/or an effective course of action Example: Plain Packaging Policy Source: Canadian Journal of Public Health, 108(1), e98-e100 Policy Interventions for Reducing Alcohol-related Harm Source: https://www.kflaph.ca/en/research-and-reports/kfla-health-safe-and-sober-policy-interventions.aspx?  All the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors Environmen impacting behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can tal health potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments Source: WHO, 2017   Assessing and communicating risks of environmental hazards to individuals, families and communities  Educating patients, families and communities about environmental The role of health and how to address key environmental health issues  Showing leadership in personal practices that support and reduce harm nurses in to the environment environmen  Collaborating with interdisciplinary colleagues to identify and mitigate environmental health risks in practice environments tal health  Advocating for policies that protect health by preventing exposure to those hazards and promoting sustainability  Producing nursing science, including interdisciplinary research, related to environmental health issues  Promoting the development of natural and built environments that support health Source: Canadian Nurses Association Position Statement CDC Climate & Health Program Nursing Role Source: Leffers, J., & Butterfield, P. (2018). Nurses play essential roles in reducing health problems due to climate change. Nurs Outlook, 66(2), 210-213. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.02.008 CASN Climate Driven and Vector Born Disease Toolkit  Showing leadership in changing personal practices to reduce their own contributions to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions Encouraging their professional associations and workplaces to support policy efforts to reduce GHG emissions Working with coalitions of non-governmental organizations to identify where their support will be most useful Reviewing the Energy Efficiency Program at Natural Resources Nurses and Canada and the Reducing Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions strategy, targets and progress at Environment and Climate Change climate Canada Advocating for the creation of healthy and complete communities change policy: Source: https://www.cna-aiic.ca/-/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/climate-change-and-health-position-statement.pdf? la=en&hash=5E757EEDA69508F4EEBF797902D6F843E4407EA4  Leadership from nurses to take immediate action to build International climate resilient health systems is necessary. This includes, but is not limited to: Council of  developing models of care to reduce unnecessary travel, Nurses:  developing climate-informed health programmes for emerging infectious and communicable diseases; Nurses,  engaging in sustainable practices in the health sector, Climate  building the response capacity of the health workforce; Change and  engaging in health and climate research, Health  participating in intersectoral policy and governance responses Position The nursing profession has a duty to contribute to climate Statement change adaptation (reducing vulnerability to the harmful effects) and mitigation (reducing or preventing green house (2018) gas (GHG) emissions) as it is committed to protecting health and wellbeing and to promoting social justice https://www.cna-aiic.ca/-/media/cna/page-content/pdf-en/climate-change-and-health-position-statement.pdf? la=en&hash=5E757EEDA69508F4EEBF797902D6F843E4407EA4  Nursing Involvement https://rnao.ca/news/climate-change-already-affecting-health-ontario https://rnao.ca/news/fighting-climate-change-sign-pledge