Quarter 3 Module 1 PDF

# Quarter 3 Module 1 ## Reading and Writing Skills ### Objectives: - Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines - Evaluate a written text based on its properties (organization, coherence and cohesion, language use and mechanics) ## Communication - Communication plays a...

# Quarter 3 Module 1 ## Reading and Writing Skills ### Objectives: - Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines - Evaluate a written text based on its properties (organization, coherence and cohesion, language use and mechanics) ## Communication - Communication plays a vital role in our day-to-day activities, so it is necessary to be adept to it. - In order to understand and to be understood genuinely, it is very significant to be virtuoso to the four macro skills of communication: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. ## What is writing? - Writing is the process of choosing the appropriate letters, characters, and symbols to be written on paper or encoded in a computer. - It is a skill that one should hone in order to express ideas, concepts, or feelings in a nonverbal way ## What is reading? - Reading, on the other hand, is an act of decoding letters, characters, or symbols that were written, posted, or published. - Reading involves critical thinking in order to fully understand the text or symbols read. - It directs one to the path of infinite potentials to gain information. ## Eight (8) patterns of development: - Cause and Effect - Classification - Comparison and Contrast - Definition - Description - Narration - Persuasion - Problem and Solution ### Cause and Effect: - A cause and effect pattern presents why something happens, what causes it, what are the effects, and how it is related to something else. - Cue words to signify a cause: *cause of, because of, for, due to, as, and since* - Expressions that signify effect: *therefore, consequently, so, so that, thus, the explanation for, and accordingly* ### Classification: - A classification pattern of written text groups or classifies items or things into their parts, types, kinds, or categories. - Signal words to indicate that the classification pattern is used are: *part of, a kind of, a type of, a group of, a way of, a class of, an example of, divided into, and comprised of.* #### Example: _There are three types of bullying:_ - **Verbal Bullying**: saying or writing mean things. It includes *teasing, name-calling, inappropriate sexual comments, taunting, and threatening to cause harm*. - **Social bullying**: hurting someone's reputation or relationships. It includes *leaving someone out on purpose, telling other children not to be friends with someone, spreading rumors about someone, and embarrassing someone in public*. - **Physical Bullying**: hurting someone's body or possessions. It includes *hitting/kicking/pinching, spitting, tripping/pushing, taking or breaking someone's things, and making mean or rude hand gestures. ### Comparison and Contrast: - The comparison involves the identification of similarities of at least two things, ideas, concepts, or persons being compared. - Contrast encompasses the identification of differences between or among two subjects or topics. - Signal words for comparison: *similarly, in like manner, and in the same way.* - Signal words for contrast: *on the contrary, the opposite, compared to, in contrast, although, unless, and however*. ### Definition: - A definition text explains what something is in comparison to other members of its class, along with any limitations. - It explains the nature of something and moves beyond a dictionary definition to deeply examine the word, idea, or concept as we use and understand it. - In dealing with definition as a pattern of written text, one will always encounter *denotation* and *connotation*. - **Denotation** is the literal meaning of a word which means that consulting the dictionary is the best way for it. - **Connotation** is the feeling or idea that the word suggests to its literal meaning. It is an *expression of how one perceives a word based on his/her background or experiences.* - Some expressions that signal a definition text are: *contain, make-up, involves, is/are, means, is defined as, refers to, appears to be, as, pertains to, "means," "is defined as," and "refers to." * ### Description: - Description as a pattern of written texts refers to identifying concrete details about appearances, characteristics, and actions. - Adjectives and adverbs are used in the description. ### Narrative: - Narration deals with *stories*. When one writes a narrative, they are expected to tell a story, whether it is real or imaginary. #### Elements of Narrative Writing: - Characters - Setting - Plot - Point of View - Theme - Tone - Style - Conflict ### Persuasion: - Persuasion is a literary technique that writers use to present their ideas through reason and logic, to influence the audience and move them to action. #### Types of Persuasion: - **Ethos:** It is linked with *morality* and *ethics*. In this method of persuasion, writers or speakers convince their audience of their goodwill and present themselves as *trustworthy*. - **Logos:** Logos comes from logic, therefore writers use logic, reasoning, and rationality to convince audiences of their perspectives. - **Pathos:** The third method is *pathos*, which *invokes* and *appeals to the emotions of the audience.* ### Problem-Solution: - A problem-solution text starts with a negative situation (a problem) and ends with a positive situation (a solution). - Problem-Solution consists of four key components: a situation, a problem, a solution, and an evaluation. ## Enrichment Activity 2: **Direction**: Make a comparison of the story of creation as told by the story of a Tagalog Creation Myth to the story of creation that appears in Genesis from the Bible. - | **The Creation Story from Genesis** | **The Creation Story (A Tagalog Myth)** | |-----------------------------------|------------------------------------------------| | Creation of the world | | | Page 11 | | | Creation of First Man and Woman | | | Genesis Chapter 1-2 | | # Four Properties of Written Text: - Text Organization - Cohesion and Coherence - Language Use - Language Mechanics ## Text Organization - Text organization is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged. - It is said that ideas are well developed when there is a clear statement of purpose, position, facts, examples, specific details, definitions, explanations, justifications, or opposing viewpoints. ### Features of Text Organization: - Physical Format: The format is an aspect of the organization that is immediately apparent to the reader. It is seen in how the text physically appears like headings and subheadings, bullet points, or font emphasis. - Structure: The structure refers to the complete framework of the text. It consists of a beginning (introduction, thesis statement), middle (supporting details), and an end (conclusion, summary, the final message). - Signal Words: Signal words are the cue in the ordering of events and concepts. ## Coherence and Cohesion - **Coherence** is the connection of ideas to the central concept of the text. - **Cohesion** is the relationship of ideas between sentences. - **Coherence** refers to how the sentences in a paragraph follow each other reasonably, which stresses the connection of ideas at the idea level. - **Cohesion** refers to how the ideas of sentences and paragraphs stick together to support the controlling idea, which stresses the relationship at the sentence level. ## Language Use - One must make good choices when it comes to language use because how one uses language affects the tone of the text and the reader's interpretation of it. - Know when to use formal or informal language. - **Examples:** - We *asked* the secretary to call the professor and *get* her permission for us to continue our research. - We *requested* the secretary to *contact* the professor and *obtain* her permission for us to continue our research. ## Language Mechanics - Language mechanics are a set of conventions on how to spell, abbreviate, punctuate, and capitalize. ### Spelling - Remember that there are slight differences in American English and British English spelling. | **American Spelling** | **British Spelling** | |----------------------|----------------------| | Color | Colour | | Defense | Defence | | Organize | Organise | | Traveled | Travelled | | Theater | Theatre | | Learned | Learnt | | Airplane | Aeroplane | | Anesthesia | Anaesthesia | | Analyze | Analyse | | Aging | Ageing | ### Punctuation - It pertains to the act or practice of inserting standardized marks or signs in the written matter to clarify the meaning and separate structural units. - **Examples:** - A woman without her man is nothing. - A woman, without her, man is nothing. - A woman without her man is nothing. - Let's eat children! - Let's eat, children! ### Capitalization - Capitalization is the act of writing the first letter of a word in uppercase while the rest of the letters are in lowercase. - **Examples:** - Proper nouns: Alex, Manila - Proper adjectives: Canadian - Days of the week: Sunday - Months of the year: January - Specific course titles: Theater 101. - Kinship names used in place of personal names: Grandma, Dad, Aunt Paz, Uncle Alvin - Adjectives, verbs, adverbs, nouns, and pronouns in a title and the first and last word in a title: *Through the Looking Glass,* and *What Alice Found There* (literature) and *And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going* (song) - Historical periods, events, documents: *Great Depression, the Renaissance, the Constitution* ## Activity: Deepen **Direction:** Read the text and assess it based on its properties (organization, coherence, cohesion, language use, and mechanics). Explain the reason for your rating on each property. ### Phase Out the Obsolete Jeepney (an excerpt) *By: Neal H. Cruz* *Pg. 26* **Criteria:** (5 as the highest and 1 as the lowest) - **Organization (Rating: ____)** - **Explanation of Assessment:** - **Coherence (Rating: ____)** - **Cohesion (Rating: ____)** - **Language Use (Rating: ____)** - **Language Mechanics (Rating: ____)** ## Submit Your Output Submit your output via gclassroom. *https://classroom.google.com/c/Mjl3ODA2MTcyMTg3*