WEEK 1_Nutrition and DIet Therapy NCM 105.2024-2025.pptm

Nutrition and Diet Therapy (NCM 105)  OBJECTIVES  Apply knowledge of physical, social, natural, health sciences, and humanities in nutrition and diet therapy.  Provide safe, appropriate, and holistic care to individuals and families in the community utilizing the family nursing...

Nutrition and Diet Therapy (NCM 105)  OBJECTIVES  Apply knowledge of physical, social, natural, health sciences, and humanities in nutrition and diet therapy.  Provide safe, appropriate, and holistic care to individuals and families in the community utilizing the family nursing process.  Apply guidelines and principles of evidence-based practice in nutrition and diet therapy.  Practice nursing following law, legal, ethical, and moral principles related to nutrition and diet therapy.  OBJECTIVES  Communicate effectively in speaking, writing, and presenting using culturally appropriate language in nutrition and diet therapy.  Document client care in nutrition and diet therapy accurately and comprehensively.  Work effectively in collaboration within inter-, intra-, and multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural teams in providing nutritional care.  Practice beginning management and leadership skill using a system approach in nutrition and dietary management of the client.  OBJECTIVES  Engage in lifelong learning with a passion to keep current with national and global general development, nutrition, and dietary management.  Demonstrate responsible citizenship and pride in being a Filipino.  Apply techno-intelligent care systems and nutrition and diet therapy.  Adopt the nursing core values in the application of nutrition and diet therapy  Apply entrepreneurial skills in nutrition and diet therapy delivery of nursing care THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION Nutrition is the study of food and how the body uses it. It deals not only with the quantity and quality of food consumed but also with the process of receiving and utilizing it for the growth and renewal of the body and the maintenance of the different body functions.  Is the science of food and its components (the nutrients and other substances) including the relationship to health and disease; processes within the body; and the social, economic, cultural, and psychological implications of eating.  FUNCTION OF NUTRITION  The basic function of nutrition is to maintain life by allowing an individual to grow and be in optimum health.  IMPORTANCE OF NUTRITION A. improve B. improve C. increase overall well- ability to fight energy level being off illness and recover illness or injury Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.  DISEASE ► A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific signs and symptoms.  DEFICIENCY DISEASE ►When nutrients are seriously lacking in the diet for an extended period, deficiency diseases can occur. FOOD ► Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin and contains essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. ► It is a vital need without which a person cannot live. It is likewise culturally acceptable as it supplies heat and energy, builds and repairs body tissues, and regulates body processes. NUTRIENT ► To maintain health and function Sare chemical substances that are necessary properly, the body must be provided with nutrients. Nutrients for life. They are divided into six classes: 1. Carbohydrates (CHO) 2. Fats (lipids) 3. Proteins 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water NUTRIENT S FUNCTIONS: Carbohydrates, proteins, 1. Providing the and lipids provide energy. body with energy Vitamins and minerals have indirect roles as catalysts for the body’s use  NUTRIENT S FUNCTIONS: Proteins, lipids, vitamins, 2. Regulating body minerals, and water are processes required. Each vitamin serves a specific function related to regulation.  NUTRIENT S FUNCTIONS: 3. Aiding growth and Proteins, lipids, minerals, repair of body tissues and water are essential for growth and repair NUTRIENT ►contain S ORGANIC hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon CATEGORIES: ►are already in INORGANIC their simplest forms when the body ingests CARBOHYDRAT NUTRIENT ES S GROUP PROTEINS LIPIDS VITAMIN S MINERAL S WATER NUTRIENT CLASSIFICATIO S NS: MACRONUTRIENTS MICRONUTRIENTS ► Macronutrients are ► Micronutrients are the nutrients we need equally important but in larger quantities that consumed in very provide us with energy. small amounts.  MACRONUTRIENT CARBOHYDRAT ES S PROTEINS LIPIDS VITAMIN S MINERAL S MICRONUTRIENT WATER  MALNUTRITION ►can be caused by overnutrition or undernutrition. ►We usually think of malnutrition as a condition that results when the cells do not receive an adequate supply of the essential nutrients because of poor diet or poor utilization of food.  MALNUTRITION ►Sometimes it occurs because people do not or cannot eat enough of the foods that provide the essential nutrients to satisfy body needs. ►At other times people may eat well-balanced diets but suffer from diseases that prevent normal usage of the nutrients.  NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY Primary deficiencies are caused by ►Nutrient Deficiency inadequate dietary A nutrient deficiency intake. occurs when a person lacks one or more Secondary deficiencies nutrients over are caused by a period of time. something other than Nutrient deficiencies are diet, such as a disease classified as primary or condition that may secondary. cause malabsorption, accelerated excretion,  REASONS WHY NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE IS APPLIED TO 1.The recognition of the role of NURSING nutrition in preventing CARE: diseases or illnesses.  REASONS WHY NUTRITIONAL 2. The concern for adapting SCIENCE food patterns of individuals to IS their nutritional needs within APPLIED TO the framework of their cultural, economic, and psychological NURSING situations and styles. CARE:  REASONS WHY 3. The awareness of the need in specified disease states to NUTRITIONAL modify factors for therapeutic SCIENCE purposes. IS APPLIED TO NURSING CARE: COMPOSITION OF CELLS  CELL STRUCTURE Cells comprise water, inorganic ions, and carbon- containing molecules. Water is the most abundant molecule in cells, making up 70% or more of total cell mass.  CELL STRUCTURE The interactions between water and other constituents of cells are of vital importance in biological chemistry.  CELL STRUCTURE The significant property of water is that it is a part molecule, in which hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge and oxygen has a slight negative charge.  CELL STRUCTURE Ions and polar molecules are readily soluble in water (hydrophilic) while nonpolar molecules, which cannot interact with water, are poorly soluble in an aqueous environment (hydrophobic).  HUMAN BODY CELLS HAVE SEVERAL SIMILAR FEATURES: A. CELL MEMBRANE ►It is a plasma membrane, is selectively permeable, and comprises phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.  HUMAN BODY CELLS HAVE SEVERAL SIMILAR FEATURES: CELL MEMBRANE Acting as enzymes to help substances enter the cell. ►The proteins in the cell membrane form pores or Acting as antigen openings to permit the markers to identify the passage of materials by: cell as “self” Serving as receptor sites for hormones.  HUMAN BODY CELLS HAVE SEVERAL SIMILAR FEATURES: CYTOPLASM - a watery solution of minerals, gasses, and organic molecules found between the cell membrane and the nucleus and is a location of chemical reactions.  HUMAN BODY CELLS HAVE SEVERAL SIMILAR FEATURES: CELL ORGANELLES ►intracellular structures bound by their own membranes, each having a definite function.  CELL ORGANELLES A.ENDOPLASMIC ►A passageway for the transport RETICULUM (ER) of materials within the cell. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its membranes to synthesize secretory proteins. Smooth ER has no ribosomes attached and synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates. CELL ORGANELLES B. RIBOSOMES ►tiny protein and RNA structures that are protein synthesis sites. C. GOLGI ►A string of flat membranous APPARATUS sacs that synthesize CHO. D. ►Organelles inside the cytoplasm MITOCHONDRIA that is the site of energy production. CELL ORGANELLES E. LYSOSOMES ►Single-membraned structures inside the cytoplasm contain digestive enzymes that destroy engulfed bacteria and other cellular debris. F.CENTRIOLES ►A pair of rod-shaped structures. Their function is to organize the spindle fibers during the cell division. CELL ORGANELLES ►Mobile thread-like projections G. CILIA AND through the cell membrane.They FLAGELLA sweep material across the cell surface. H. NUCLEUS ►The control center of the cell that contains the chromosomes. The forty-six chromosomes of the human cell are long threads called chromatin made of DNA and protein.  Depending on the internal structure of the cell, organisms are divided into two types-prokaryotic and eukaryotic.  ►Eukaryotic organisms ►Prokaryotic organisms are those that have true nucleus and nucleolus and are those that DO NOT also contain all have true nucleus and membrane-bound cell membrane-bound cell organelles. organelles Prokaryotic cells are simple, small cells, while eukaryotic cells are complex, large structured and are present in trillions which can be single-celled or multicellular.