Week 1-Module.docx

Content Standards The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and contexts of 21st century Philippine literature from the regions. Performance Standards The learner will be able to: Demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21st Century Philippine literature from the reg...

Content Standards The learner will be able to understand and appreciate the elements and contexts of 21st century Philippine literature from the regions. Performance Standards The learner will be able to: Demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21st Century Philippine literature from the regions through a written close analysis and critical interpretation of a literary text in terms of form and theme, with a description of its context derived from research. Most Essential Learning Competencies Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing an adaptation of these require from the learner the ability to identify: a. the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary b. representative texts and authors from each region (e.g. engage in oral history research with focus on key personalities from the students’ region/province/town) Lesson Presentation/Discussion Lesson 1: History of Philippine Literature Lesson Presentation History of Philippine Literature Prehistoric Period – Oral Literature was prevalent in this period since no system of writing was yet invented. Most of the works were concise poetic forms like: RIDDLES (bugtong), PROVERBS (salawikain), SAYINGS or MAXIMS (kasabihan), and FOLK SONGS (kantahing bayan). Kantahing Bayan is further subdivided into 10 sub- categories: LULLABY (oyayi), BOAT SONG (soliranin), WAR SONG (kumintang), WEDDING SONG (diona), RELIGIOUS SONG (dalit), LOVE SONG (kundiman), DRINKING SONG (dapayanin), TRAVEL SONG (hibais), FUNERAL SONG (bung-aw) and COURTING SONG (bansal). With the passage of time, oral literature became lengthy and it is known as EPIC. Each ethnolinguistic group boasts of its own epic. Some of the famous epics are the following: BIAG NI LAM-ANG of the Ilocanos, ALIM AND HUDHUD of the Ifugaos, KUMINTANG of the Tagalogs, IBALON of the Bicolanos, MARAGTAS and HINILAWOD of the Visayans, HARI SA BUKID of the Hiligaynon, DAGOY and SUDSUD of the Tagbanuas, Bantugan of the Muslims, INDARAPATRA AND SULAYMAN of the Maguindanaos, TATUAANG of the Bagobos and ULAGINGEN AND SALEB of the Manobos. Other prose works that flourished before the colonizers came are the following: Legends (alamat), Myths (mito), Folktales (kuwentong-bayan), Fables (pabula), Parables (parabola), and other narratives. Despite their length, our ancestors were able to hand down this Oral Literature through sharing of stories during their free time. Youngsters were attentive and as a result when a formal system of writing finally came into being, they were able to translate these oral works into written form. They made use of a syllabary known as Alibata. It was through these writings that some prehistoric writings were preserved. Spanish Period – the types of literature prevalent during this period are mostly religious in nature since the objective of the Spanish friars was to spread Christianity. The latter part of the Spanish period was the more productive part of the period because this part saw the rise of the propagandists led by Dr, Jose P. Rizal and the revolutionaries headed by the Katipunan Supremo, Gat Andres Bonifacio. It is the period in Philippine Literary History where the first colonizers, Spaniards, burned all earliest forms of writings, leaving no trace of Philippine literary ingenuity. The Spanish friars did everything to convert the natives (they considered as INDIOS or illiterates) to become Christians. The colonizers made it a point to propagate their religion by printing lots of religious materials, the first of which is known as Doctrina Cristiana (Catholic book of prayers and doctrines). Other books were books of PASYON (depicting the sufferings and death of Jesus Christ) written by authors Gaspar Aquino de Belen and Mariano Pilapil. A writer who became famous through his writings during this period is Francisco Baltazar otherwise known as Balagtas. His Florante at Laura is a literary work considered as an AWIT, composed of dodecasyllabic monoriming quatrains. This is different from a KORIDO, octosyllabic monoriming quatrains. Balagtasan is a poetic joust named after Francisco Balagtas. Crisotan of the Pampangos is a poetic joust named after Crisostomo Sotto, Father of Pampango Literature and Bukanegan of the Ilocanos is a joust named after the Father of Ilocano Literature, Fr. Pedro Bukaneg. The latter part of this period had an overflow of writers with the likes of Dr. Jose P. Rizal (Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo), Marcelo H. Del Pilar (Dasalan and Tocsohan), Graciano Lopez Jaena (Fray Botod). These writers used pen names to avoid being caught. Rizal used Dimas Alang and Laong Laan, Del Pilar used Plaridel, Jaena used Diego Laura and Jose Ma. Panganiban used Jomapa. There were two groups of writers, the propagandists (aimed for reforms and assimilation – with the objective of making the Philippines a province of Spain) wrote in Spanish and published their articles in La Solidaridad while the other group of writers, the revolutionists (aimed for independence and separation from Spain) wrote in Tagalog. These revolutionists headed by Gat Andres Bonifacio, formed the Kataas-taasang Kagalang- galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK). Their concise writings had patriotic themes and they wanted an armed conflict with the colonizers. American Period – the types of literature in the earliest part of the Americans’ stay in the Philippines were writings that made use of Tagalog and Spanish. The Thomasites, the first English teachers, made sure that the Filipinos learn the language and use it in their writings. Consequently, Philippine literature in English was born. The Period of American Occupation was the most productive period in Philippine Literature in English. It is the period that officially ended Spanish oppression in the Philippines. With the coming of the Thomasites, the first English teachers, Filipinos, learned the language and used it in their writings. Thus, Philippine Literature English was born. Writers increased in number because they felt at ease since the freedom of the press and freedom of expressions which were absent during the Spanish colonization prevailed during this period. Writers’ guilds and organizations like Poets, Essayists and Novelists (PEN), the giving of incentives in the form of awards and recognition, the honor and praises they received for their well-written works are just some of the reasons why a lot of writers emerged during the American occupation. Ergo, it was the period considered as the most productive in the history of Philippine Literature. Two clashing schools of thought emerged during this period: the art for art’s sake dictum (treats literary pieces as art objects subject to aesthetic appreciation) with Jose Garcia Villa as the leading proponent and the art for society’s sake dictum (treats literary pieces as instruments to effect social change) with Salvador Lopez as proponent. Japanese Period – the types of literature during the time of the Japanese occupation were very few since the freedom they once enjoyed during the previous years were curtailed. The writing activities of the Filipino artists came to a halt with the coming of the Japanese. The writers stopped wielding pens and started wielding guns. It is the period where the writing activities of the Filipino writers came to a halt (stop). Japanese invaders limited the movement of the people and they attacked both soldiers and civilians alike. The Japanese introduced the following: NIHONGO or NIPPONGO (Japanese language), IKEBANA (Japanese art of flower arrangement), ORIGAMI (art of folding papers), TEMPURA & SUSHI (cuisine), and HAIKU, TANKA & SENRYU (poetic forms). Haiku is a short descriptive poem about nature consisting of 17 syllables: 5 syllables in the first line, 7 syllables in the 2nd line and 5 syllables in the 3rd line. Senryu is similar to haiku in structure but different in rhyme (Senryu is unrhymed), subject (human nature), and tone (usually satirical and ironical). Tanka is longer, it has 5 lines and 31 syllables (5-7-5-7-7). Philippine Republic – the types of literature during this period were meaningful and memorable works comparable to the works of foreign nationals. The Philippine writers were producing works in English, the vernacular (Tagalog), and Filipino (one of the official languages of the country and the tagalong-based national language as promulgated by President Manuel L. Quezon during the Commonwealth Period, as opposed to the Tagalog, the language spoken by majority of the dwellers in Luzon)* The end of the war triggered the once dormant writers to wake up from their long lethargy and start writing creatively again. Majority of the writings were written in English, the vernacular (Tagalog) and Filipino. The Difference between Tagalog and Filipino: According to lingualinx.com and quoted verbatim,” People often want to know the difference between Tagalog and Filipinos. However, asking that question is a bit of a misnomer because Tagalog is actually the basis for the Philippine national language. Tagalog had primarily been spoken in Manila and the surrounding provinces in the 1930s when the The Commonwealth Constitution was originally drawn up. This constitution had stipulations in it that provided for an official national language, but it did not specifically name Tagalog as that language. When the constitution was drawn up, Tagalog was only spoken by about 25% of the population. Tagalog was the lingua franca (common language) of the people who lived in or near the government capital, and by the 1970s, more than half of the Philippine population was using Tagalog to communicate with one another. Then, during the Aquino presidency in the latter half of the 1980s, the national language was officially labelled as Filipino.” Publishing companies, writers’ unions and various award giving bodies gave the men of letters impetus (momentum) to write again. One prestigious award giving body that emerged that time is the Carlos Palanca Memorial Award comparable to the world-renowned Pulitzer Prize. The following became bywords in the Philippine Literary scene because of their distinguishable contributions in the field of Literature and they are: Lazaro Francisco, Amado V. Hernandez, Jose Garcia Villa, Alejandro G. Abadilla, Genoveva Edroza-Matute, Claro M. Recto, Virgilio Almario (aka Rio Alma) just to name a few. Martial Law Period – the types of literature during this period were purely government publications authorized by the Marcos regime. Anti-government and anti-Marcos writings were proliferated in the form of underground publications led by Malaya. On September 21, 1972, writers’ freedoms (freedom of the press and freedom of expression) and other freedoms (freedom of speech, freedom of assembly etc.) were curtailed or suppressed. The lives of oppositionist writers were controlled by the state. Subversive and seditious writings were traced and the writers thereof were silenced by means of summary execution, others were illegally detained and tortured. Post-Martial Law Period – is the period prior to the lifting of Martial Law that transpired on January 1, 1981. The themes / forms of literature circulating in the latter part of the Marcos regime can be categorized into 4 kinds: Protest Literature, Proletarian Literature, Prison Literature and Circumvention Literature. (slideshare.net, literature during martial law by ryan jay) During this period, pro-government propaganda materials in the form of songs and short write-ups were circulated. Nevertheless, these items did not prevent oppositionist writers to voice out their sentiments in the form of poems, short stories, essays and plays. Prominent satirists (writers of satires) are: Francisco Sionil Jose, Ricardo Lee, and Rolando Tinio. Contemporary Period – the type of literature in this period after the Edsa revolution of 1986 were writings of feminist writers and their supporters (members of Gabriela). It is a period of restoration of lost freedoms, one of which is the freedom to express one’s ideas and emotions in writing. In this period the Filipino writers enjoyed the benefits of press freedom. Their voices were heard through their revealing writings about discrimination, same-sex marriage, homosexual & bisexual relationships and violation of their rights. To further inspire Filipino artists in their respective fields, National Artist Awards were given to deserving individuals. In the field of literature the following are recipients of the aforesaid award: Jose Garcia Villa (1973), Amado V. Hernandez (1973), Nick Joaquin aka Quijano de Manila(1976), Carlos P. Romulo (1982), Francisco Arcellana (1990), N.V.M. Gonzales (1990), Rolando Tinio (1992), Edith Tiempo (1999), Francisco Sionil Jose (2001), Alejandro Roces (2003), Virgilio S. Almario (2003), Bienvenido Lumbera (2006), and Lazaro Francisco (2009). To Do’s Activity 1: Using the pattern of the Japanese poetic forms discussed in the lesson, write a haiku, tanka or senryu (choose 1 only ) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity 2: Think of a pen name that you most likely would use if you are to become a writer. Write it down and give a brief explanation as to why you have chosen that particular pseudonym. Write your explanation in not less than three paragraphs with 5 sentences each paragraph. __________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Complete the table by filling in the blanks with the required items. WRITER PEN NAME LITERARY PERIOD OUTSTANDING WORK 1 2 3 4 5 References and Supplementary Materials Introduction to Philippine Literature https://21stcenturylitph.wordpress.com/introduction-to-philippine-literature/