WEEK 1 - Introduction to Networking.pdf

WEEK 1 - Introduction to Networking HIS SLIDES —> PODCAST FORM. YESSUH: *login from non tmu account * https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/46015974-76a2-4101-861a-e63a3f91a6f7/ audio Midterm: *says everything on slides is important for test* What is a Systems Analyst? - Systems analysts...

WEEK 1 - Introduction to Networking HIS SLIDES —> PODCAST FORM. YESSUH: *login from non tmu account * https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/46015974-76a2-4101-861a-e63a3f91a6f7/ audio Midterm: *says everything on slides is important for test* What is a Systems Analyst? - Systems analysts implement, maintain, and support IT and information systems to meet the business needs of organizations - Average base pay for System Analyst is $119,000 - Ex. of systems analysis might be making a change to some computer code to achieve a task, fixing a faulty air-conditioning system, or analyzing the routines in your life to stop a mistake from happening! Computer Application (App) A computer software program that executes on a computing device to carry out a specific set of functions. Modest scope Information System A set of interrelated components that collects, processes, stores, and provides as output the information needed to complete business tasks. It's like making a sandwich (comp. app) vs running the restaurant (info. system) Broader in scope than “app” Includes database and related manual processes Computer Application (App) Examples: 1. Microsoft Word: A word processing application used to create documents, letters, and reports. 2. Spotify: A music streaming app that allows users to listen to songs, create playlists, and discover new music. 3. WhatsApp: A messaging app that enables users to send messages, make voice and video calls, and share images or videos. 4. Google Maps: A navigation app that provides directions, traffic updates, and location information. Information System Examples: 1. Airline Reservation System: This system allows users to search for flights, book tickets, manage passenger data, and handle payments. It includes not only a user-facing app but also databases, processing systems, and back-end tools for managing customer and flight data. 2. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) System: A tool like Salesforce helps businesses manage customer interactions, track sales, and store customer data. It includes various apps, a database, and integration with email and social media. 3. Hospital Management System: This information system integrates patient records, billing, scheduling, and inventory management for hospitals. It handles data entry from various departments and manages data flow between them. 4. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System: Systems like SAP or Oracle help manage core business processes such as finance, human resources, and supply chain operations across an organization. In summary: Apps are usually more limited in scope (specific tasks). Information systems encompass broader functionalities, often involving multiple apps, databases, and processes. Systems Analysis - Activities that enable a person to understand and specify what an information system should accomplish. Systems Design - Activities that enable a person to define and describe in detail the system that solves the need. Systems Analysis Example: Imagine a company wants to build an inventory management system to keep track of stock levels, supplier information, and sales orders. Systems Analysis Activities: Understanding the problem: The analyst meets with warehouse staff, managers, and suppliers to understand the current inventory process, pain points (e.g., delays in stock  updates), and requirements (e.g., real-time stock tracking, automatic reordering when items run low). Identifying the system’s objectives: The system should track all inventory, trigger reorder notifications, and provide reporting on stock levels, sales, and supplier performance. Documenting requirements: The analyst creates a requirements document that outlines the functionality, such as user roles (warehouse staff, managers), processes (updating stock, placing orders), and integration needs (with suppliers’ systems). Systems Design Example: Once the analysis phase is complete, the project moves into the systems design phase, where the detailed solution is outlined. Systems Design Activities: Defining the system architecture: The designer chooses the technical architecture, such as whether to build the system as a web application with a cloud-based database. Detailed design of components: Each part of the system is designed in detail. For instance, the inventory management module will include forms for entering new stock, tables to display inventory data, and automatic alerts when stock is low. Designing the database: The designer creates a database structure to store product information, supplier details, order history, and user profiles. This includes tables, relationships, and constraints. User Interface (UI) design: The designer creates mockups of what the user screens will look like (e.g., forms for updating stock, dashboards for managers), ensuring the system is easy to use. In summary: Systems Analysis helps define what the system needs to do. Systems Design focuses on how the system will achieve those goals in technical detail. Software Development Process  1. Understand the need (business need) 2. Capture the vision 3. Define a solution 4. Communicate the vision and solution 5. Build the solution 6. Confirm that the solution meets the need 7. Launch the solution system System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (lowkey it's a version of the Waterfall Model) System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The process consists of all activities required to build, launch, and maintain an information system. Six core processes are: 1. Identify the problem or need and obtain approval. 2. Plan and monitor the project. 3. Discover and understand the details of the problem or need. 4. Design the system components that solve the problem. 5. Build, test, and integrate system components. 6. Complete system tests and then deploy the solution. IPDDBC Project A planned undertaking that has a beginning and end and that produces some definite result. Used to develop an information system. Requires knowledge of systems analysis and systems design tools and techniques. System Development Process The actual approach used to develop a particular information system (also known as methodology). Most processes/methodologies now use Agile and Iterative development. Agile development: an information system development process that emphasizes flexibility to anticipate new requirements during development Fast on feet; responsive to change Iterative development: an approach to system development in which the system is “grown” piece by piece through multiple iterations. Complete small part of system (mini-project), then repeat processes to refine and add more, then repeat to refine and add more, until done Agile is a form of Iterative Agile is about teamwork and adapting to change quickly. Iterative is about repeating the process to gradually make something better. Think of Agile like a group project where you keep checking in and adjusting based on feedback, while Iterative is like doing multiple drafts of an essay until it’s just right Midterm: *he says this is good for M/C questions* Core Process 1: Identify the Problem and Obtain Approval Identify the problem and document the objective of the system Preliminary investigation System Vision Document Obtain approval to commence the project (core process 1) Meet with key stakeholders, including executive management Decision reached, approve plan and budget Core Process 2: Plan the Project Determine the major components (functional areas) that are needed Define the iterations and assign each function to an iteration Determine team members and responsibilities Core Process 3: Discover and Understand Details 1. Preliminary fact-finding: ○ Example: The project team interviews staff to learn exactly how they manage inventory, what information they need, and their pain points. 2. Develop use cases: ○ Example: A use case is developed for “updating stock,” which describes how a warehouse worker updates stock quantities after receiving shipments. 3. Develop a class diagram:  ○ Example: A class diagram is created to show how the system will organize data like product information, suppliers, and orders. Core Process 4: Design System Components 1. Design the database: ○ Example: The system’s database will include tables for products, suppliers, and stock levels. 2. Design high-level structure: ○ Example: The team decides the system will be a web app, accessible on desktop computers. 3. Architectural configuration: ○ Example: The system will consist of a front-end interface for staff to use, and a back-end database to store inventory data. 4. Design class diagram: ○ Example: A class diagram shows relationships between different entities like “Product,” “Supplier,” and “Order.” Core Process 5: Build, Test, and Integrate 1. Continue programming: ○ Example: The developers write code to build the stock tracking system. 2. Build use case by use case: ○ Example: First, they complete the use case for “updating stock,” followed by “adding new products.” 3. Perform unit and integration tests: ○ Example: Each part of the system is tested individually (unit tests), and then tested together to make sure everything works properly (integration tests). Core Process 6: Complete System Testing and Deploy the System 1. System functional testing: ○ Example: The entire system is tested to make sure it functions as expected, including stock updates, order placements, and reporting. 2. User acceptance testing: ○ Example: Store managers and warehouse staff use the system to ensure it meets their needs.  3. Possibly deploy part of the system: ○ Example: The stock tracking feature might be deployed first, with other features added later. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Agile Development: ○ Example: Using Agile, the development team builds the system in small, functional increments, allowing for flexibility and frequent feedback from users. Each iteration delivers a part of the system, like stock tracking or reporting, for early testing and refinement.