Week 1 - Introduction to Medical Terminology.pptx

Medical Terminology Week 1: Root words, Prefixes, & Suffixes PARA 100 Rohan Shammi Course Overview     This course will orient you to basic medical terminology and aims to give you the background knowledge and vocabulary necessary to:  Identify the parts of the human body and its organ s...

Medical Terminology Week 1: Root words, Prefixes, & Suffixes PARA 100 Rohan Shammi Course Overview     This course will orient you to basic medical terminology and aims to give you the background knowledge and vocabulary necessary to:  Identify the parts of the human body and its organ systems  Identify medical devices, equipment, technology, therapies, diagnostic tests, etc. and understand their basic purposes  Communicate with other healthcare professionals and understand the role of various healthcare specialties  Orient you to paramedic specific terms and abbreviations This course has 3 Exams:  Each is a mix of multiple choice, matching, true/false, short answer, etc. and will take place in class during Weeks 5, 9, and 14  Exam 1 and 2 are worth 20% of your final grade, while the Final Exam is worth 25% There are 4 Terminology Assignments:  Each asks you to watch or read a piece of media and then answer specific questions relating to the use of medical terminology within that media  These are due in Weeks 3, 6, 8 & 11, each are worth 6.25% for a total of 25% of your final grade There is 1 Video Assignment:  Students will film a 2 minute (maximum) video in which they provide a handover report to a hospital trauma team  More details will be provided later in the semester, this assignment is worth 10% of your final grade Goals for Today’s Lecture  The language of medicine is complex, but can be simplified by breaking medical terminologies into their component parts  This week’s lecture will focus on word parts, word structure, and word building rules  At the end of this lecture, you should be able to:  List the three basic component parts of a word  Correctly state the rule for joining prefixes and suffixes to a word root  Accurately define the terms word root, suffix, prefix, combining vowel, and combining form  Correctly state the rule for using multiple word roots in a compound word  Demonstrate the ability to apply the word building rules by accurately completing the review exercises located at the end of this chapter  Demonstrate an understanding of the most common prefixes and suffixes Word Parts  In medical terminology there are 4 types of word parts that make up each term:  Root words – The basic foundation of the word, to which other component parts are added   Combining vowel – A vowel used to connect word roots to various prefixes and suffixes, typically ‘o’ or ‘i’ (allows for easier pronunciation)    Examples of word roots include cardi (heart), dermat (skin), bronch (lungs), etc. Combining form refers to the word root + vowel Suffixes – An element attached to the end of the word root that changes the meaning of the word  Examples include -algia (pain), -megaly (enlargement), -centesis (surgical puncture), etc.  Not always present or required (ie: if the word root is a word itself) Prefixes – An element attached to the beginning of the word root that changes the meaning of the word  Examples include endo- (within or innermost), an- (absence), dys(painful or difficult), etc.  Not always present or required Rules for Word Structure  Most medical terms consist of a word root and a suffix, often with a combining form in between to link them  Cardialgia (heart pain) can be broken down into: Card – word root meaning heart I – combining form Algia – suffix meaning pain  When trying to understand a medical term start at the suffix and work BACKWARDS!  Carditis can be broken down into: Itis – suffix meaning inflammation Card – word root referring to the heart Therefore carditis refers to inflammation of the heart  If the term has a prefix, start with the suffix, then add the prefix to the word root  Pericarditis can be broken down into: Itis – suffix meaning inflammation Card – word root referring to the heart Peri – prefix meaning outermost layer Therefore pericarditis refers specifically to inflammation of the outermost layer heart of the More Examples  Acrodermatitis can be broken down into Acr - o – dermat – itis ‘Itis’ is a suffix meaning inflammation (swelling) ‘Acr’ is a word root meaning extremities ‘O’ is a combining vowel that lets us add another word root to this term ‘Dermat’ is a word root meaning skin   Therefore, acrodermatitis refers to inflammation of the extremities of the skin Hypodermic can be broken down into Hypo – derm – ic ‘Ic’ is a suffix meaning pertaining to ‘Hypo’ is a prefix meaning under ‘Derm’ is a word root meaning skin  Therefore, hypodermic means pertaining to under the skin (ie: hypodermic needle) Pronunciation Guidelines Prefixes – Deep Dive  Prefixes are NOT always present, but they can ALWAYS be found at the BEGINNING of the term!  The meaning of a prefix does not change from word to word   See Chapter 2 – Page 26-29 for a list of common prefixes   As an example, hyper- always means excessive or more than normal, dys- always means difficult/painful, etc. Yes, all prefixes listed on the slides and found in the textbook are testable! Prefixes usually refer to either:  Numbers  Measurements  Position  Direction  Negatives  Colours Prefixes Numbers  Prefixes that express numbers indicate, for example, whether there is one, two, or three; whether it is single, double, or half Prefixes Measurements  Prefixes that express measurement indicate quantity such as much, many, or excessive. They often refer to multiples without specifically referring to a number. They also refer to excessive (above normal) conditions Prefixes – Position or Direction  Prefixes that express position and/or direction are used to describe a location.  The location may be in the middle of, between, under, before, or after a particular body structure—or it may be around, upon, near, or outside an area or structure Prefixes Negatives  Prefixes that express negatives indicate such things as not, without, lack of, and against Prefixes - Colour  Prefixes that express colour can (for example) indicate colour in reactions, the colour of growths or rashes, and the colour of body fluids. Some of the following word elements are pure prefixes. Others are combining forms used as prefixes  Most dictionaries identify these forms relating to colour as “combining forms,” not as prefixes. However, their constant placement at the beginning of the word identifies them more as a prefix than as a combining form—and thus the reason for their insertion in this section. Suffixes – Deep Dive  A suffix is the ending of a word  If the suffix begins with a consonant, a combining vowel is used to attach it to the word root  If the suffix begins with a vowel, the word root attaches directly  Like prefixes, suffixes retain their meaning from word to word  A suffix makes a word either a noun or an adjective  When defining a medical term, always start at the suffix then move to the prefix before moving to the word root  See Chapter 3 – Page 45 for a list of common suffixes  Yes, all suffixes listed in the slides and book are testable! Noun Suffixes  Nouns are words that refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action  They can be categorized by their relationship to specialties, surgeries, specialists, conditions, and so on Adjective Suffixes  Adjectives are words that modify nouns by limiting, qualifying, or specifying  Adjective suffixes are normally used to describe the root word to which they are attached Specialities & Specialists  There are many specialties or specific areas of study within medicine as well as specialists who are experts in these fields Instruments, Surgical, & Diagnostic Procedures  These suffixes indicate some type of instrument or a surgical/diagnostic procedure Singular to Plural Suffix Changes What about Word Roots???  We’ll spend the majority of the following weeks exploring word roots that relate to the various body parts and organ systems  Next week we’ll begin exploring terms that:   Describe the body from the cellular level to the systemic level  We will also cover the various body cavities, divisions of the spinal column, as well as the regions, quadrants, and planes of the body  Finally, we will define the terms that provide information of the position, direction, and location of organs in relation to each other within the body All material found in Chapters 1 to 3 & in this week’s lecture are testable!