Week 1 - Introduction (2).pptx

Part 1: Networks NTWK8021 – Network Planning What is a Wireless Router? • Wireless routers are consumer devices that combine a router, switch and access point into one device. • Not suitable for enterprise due to lower performance and a single point of failure What is a Network? • In the comput...

Part 1: Networks NTWK8021 – Network Planning What is a Wireless Router? • Wireless routers are consumer devices that combine a router, switch and access point into one device. • Not suitable for enterprise due to lower performance and a single point of failure What is a Network? • In the computer world, the term network means two or more connected computers that can share resources like data and applications, office machines, an Internet connection, or some combination of these. Printer Host Host Importance of Networking • Facilitates efficient and seamless communication between devices and users • Enables collaboration, data sharing, and resource optimization • Essential for businesses, organizations, and individuals in the modern world Benefits of Networks • Improved Security • Improved Communications • More Workplace Flexibility • Reduced Cost of Peripherals • Centralized Administration Common Networking Devices • Router: Connects multiple networks and forwards data packets between them. • Switch: Connects devices within a local network and facilitates communication by directing data packets to their intended destination. • Hosts: Client devices that access resources on a network ( ex. Computers, Phones) • Servers: Store resources that host’s need to access (ex. Web Sites) Routers and Switches Hosts and Servers Classifications of Networks • The two main classifications of networks were are going to discuss are… – Local Area Networks (LANs) – Wide Area Networks (WANs) What is a LAN? Servers A local area network (LAN) is usually restricted to spanning a particular geographic location. Switch Marketing Printer Hub Sales Servers How hosts connect to a LAN? • Hosts typically connect by ethernet connections through a patch connection at their desk that connects through a patch panel to a port on a switch • Hosts also commonly connect by using Wi-Fi (Radio) to an Access point that is connected to a switch How do we connect LANs together? • The answer is routers • As discussed earlier, routers connect multiple networks (LANs) together • Layer 3 switches can also connect multiple LANs together How do we connect LANs together cont? Servers Servers Router Marketing Sales Wide Area Network (WAN) • A WAN is a network connecting multiple LANs over a larger geographic area, often spanning cities or countries. • Examples: Internet, MPLS WAN Internet Example MPLS Branch Offices Corporate Office MPLS Network Logical Connections Between Sites Each router assigns labels to data when the data heads toward the MPLS cloud MPLS is a switching mechanism that imposes labels (numbers) to data and then uses those labels to forward data when the data arrives at the MPLS network Network Architectures • The two network architectures we are going to discuss are… – Peer-to-Peer Networks – Client-Server Networks Peer-to-Peer Networks • A decentralized network architecture where participants (peers) directly communicate and share resources without a centralized server • Not commonly used due to the lack of centralized management Peer-to-Peer Networking Example Users Password Access Users Password Access Mickey !Tails? Full Millie #Shorts? Read Pluto $NoKats Read Mickey My!Ears? Read Louie ^Wet#! Read Louie ^Wet#! Full Users Password Access Millie #Shorts? Read Pluto Millie Hub Users Password Access Millie #Shorts? Read Pluto &LittleTail! Full Pluto &LittleTail! Full Louie ^Wet#! Full Mickey &&Boss!@ Full Mickey Hub Louie Client-Server Networks • The most common type of network • Uses SSO (single sign-on) in most cases through active directory • Provides centralized management and administration Client-Server Network Example Pluto Millie Hub Mickey Hub Louie Server Users Password Access Millie #Shorts? Read Pluto &LittleTail! Full Louie ^Wet#! Full Mickey --Earls? Write Introduction to the OSI Model • Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) • Provides a framework for understanding network communication • Consists of seven layers that define different aspects of network functionality • The foundation for other models, including the more common TCP/IP Model OSI Model Layers • • • • • • • Layer 1 – Physical Layer 2 – Data link Layer 3 – Network Layer 4 – Transport Layer 5 – Session Layer 6 – Presentation Layer 7 – Application Layer 1 – Physical • Deals with the physical aspects of network communication • Transmits raw bits over the network medium using 1s and 0s (Binary) • Examples: NICs (Network Interface Cards), Ethernet Cables, Wireless Cards Layer 2 – Data Link Layer • Responsible for the reliable and error-free transmission of frames between nodes on the same network • Provides flow control, error detection, and data framing • MAC addresses operate at this layer Layer 3 – Network Layer • Manages logical addressing and routing of data packets between different networks • Deals with the logical addressing of devices • Example: IP (Internet Protocol) addresses including IPv4 and IPv6 Layer 4 – Transport Layer • Ensures reliable delivery of data across the network • Provides end-to-end error recovery and flow control • Examples: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol) • Uses port numbers. Example, TCP 80 indicates HTTP (The protocol for accessing web pages) Layer 5 – Session Layer • Establishes, manages, and terminates connections between applications • Controls dialogues and synchronization between devices • Examples: NetBIOS, PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) Layer 6 – Presentation Layer • Deals with the representation and formatting of data for application layer consumption • Handles data encryption, compression, and protocol conversion • Examples: JPEG, ASCII, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) Layer 7 – Application Layer • Provides a user interface for network services and applications • Supports end-user applications and protocols • Examples: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol)