Week 1 Finals Oral Communication '24-'25 PDF

SPEECH ACTS Prepared by: Ms. Marie Rose Tengco  Learning Objectives: 01 02 03 The students The students The students should be able to should be able to should be able to identify the three show...

SPEECH ACTS Prepared by: Ms. Marie Rose Tengco  Learning Objectives: 01 02 03 The students The students The students should be able to should be able to should be able to identify the three show differentiate types of speech understanding of locution, illocution, acts in oral speech acts and perlocution communication. through a from one another. performance task.  Speech Act Theory, which was foreshadowed by the Austrian Philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein views about language games, were formed by Austin in the late 1930 and presented in his lectures given at Oxford in 1952-1954, and later in his William Lectures delivers at Harvard in 1955 After his death in 1960, the ideas of John Austin were refined, systematized, and advanced especially by his Oxford pupil, the American philosopher John R. Searle.  John R. Searle simply stated that the central tenet of speech act theory is that the uttering of a sentence is, or is part of, an action within the framework of social institutions and conventions. Speech Act Is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect. Speech Act According to Curse (2006), speech acts crucially involve production of language.  Austin’s Theory of Speech Acts Austin claimed that all utterances, in addition to meaning whatever they mean, perform specific acts via the specific communicative force of an utterance. He introduced a threefold distinction among the acts one simultaneously performs when saying something: Locutionary Illocutionar Perlocutiona Act y Act ry Act Locutionary Act Production of utterance with a particular intended structure, meaning and reference. Act of saying something with a certain meaning and reference. “What is said?”  A locutionary act is the act of making a meaningful utterance. Locutionary Act This is about the same as saying a certain sentence with a certain meaning and reference. Locutionary act can be expressed through asking or answering a question, describing, providing a statement or information, or giving an assurance. Look at the following examples: A. I am upset. B. Do you need help? Example A expresses an "I am upset." emotional state, and Example B asks a question. Illocutionary Act Deals with what you intend to do by means of saying it. Adds in the intentions of the speaker regarding what they intended to perform (Birner, 2012). An act performed by a speaker in saying something rather that by virtue of producing a particular effect with saying something. The illocutionary act is done through the power of speech, like when someone promises, Illocutionary Act apologizes, or makes an offer. This action is doing something by saying something. The most significant degree of action in a speech act is the illocutionary act, which is determined by the force desired by the speakers. Look at the following examples: A. I am sorry. B. I promise that won't happen again. Example A expresses an apology, and Example B expresses a "I am sorry." promise. Perlocutionary Act Production of specific effect. Known as the hearer’s response.  A perlocutionary act is the effect that the utterance has on the Perlocutionary Act behavior, thoughts, and feelings of the listener, whether it was meant to or not. This is what happened because of what was said in the given situation. To put it simply, a perlocutionary act is when someone says something to get someone else to act in a certain way. When a mother heard her child say, "I am upset," she held the child and gave assurance. In the above example, the child's utterance caused her mother to "I am upset." act, even though the child didn't ask for reassurance.  Locution / Illocution / Perlocution The differences are also important while performing a speech act Locution illocutio Perlocution n The words are The speaker’s or The intended uttered or writer’s effect (Sadock, written. intention. 2004). Slide retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/ZahraaAamir/speech-acts-258200809 Categories of Illocutionary Act (Searle, 1976) Declaration. Expressive. Directive. Commissive. Assertive.  Assertive  An utterance intended to tell you how things are in the world.  A representation of reality Slide retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXisn4TXSzA  Directive  An act of which commits the speaker to doing something in the future.  Either to be followed or to be unfollowed. Slide retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/ZahraaAamir/speech-acts-258200809  Commissive  Commits a speaker to some future voluntary actions.  Reveals the intention of the speaker. Slide retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/ZahraaAamir/speech-acts-258200809  Expressive  Reveals the speaker’s attitudes and emotions towards a particular proposition. Slide retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/ZahraaAamir/speech-acts-258200809  Declaration  It brings a change in the external situation.  An utterance that change the world by representing it as being o changed. Slide retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/ZahraaAamir/speech-acts-258200809 Video retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysP2BJjuT0o time: 4:58-5:17 Video retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysP2BJjuT0o time: 2:34-4:21 Video retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXisn4TXSzA&t=355s