Week 1 - Computer Basics.pdf

NU - DASMARIÑAS Computer Basics Introduction to Computing Week 1 1st Term 2024 - 2025 Charlyn A. Malimata School of Engineering, Computing, and Architecture Lesson Objectives A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It can store, retrieve, and process data....

NU - DASMARIÑAS Computer Basics Introduction to Computing Week 1 1st Term 2024 - 2025 Charlyn A. Malimata School of Engineering, Computing, and Architecture Lesson Objectives A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It can store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos. WHAT IS COMPUTER? An electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It can store, retrieve, and process data. You can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos. Generations of Computers First Generation Computers Vacuum Tube have the functionality of controlling the flow of electronics in a vacuum. Generally, it is used in switches, amplifiers, radios, televisions, etc. First Generation Computers ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, built by J. Presper Eckert and John V. Mauchly was a general-purpose computer. It had been cumbersome, and large, and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes. First Generation Computers UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer was the world’s 1st commercially electronic computing device. It was created by Eckert and Mauchly in 1947. Second Generation Computers Transistor helps in controlling the flow of electricity in devices, it works as an amplifier or a switch. Second Generation Computers The IBM 1401 changed perceptions among business executives. A computer could fit comfortably in the office of a medium- size company or lab, and each department could afford to have one of its own. IBM (International Business Machines) A multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York. What does IBM do? They bring together all the necessary technology and services to help clients solve their business problems. Third Generation Computers Integrated circuits are silicon chips that contain their circuit elements like transistors, resistors, etc. Third Generation Computers Launched on April 7, 1964, the IBM System/360 was so named because it was meant to address all possible types of users with one unified software-compatible architecture. Fourth Generation Computers One microprocessor can contain all the circuits required to perform arithmetic, logic, and control functions on one chip. Fourth Generation Computers The IBM PC could connect to a television and enabled users to process text and play games. Fifth Generation Computers Artificial Intelligence deals with creating intelligent machines and behaviors. Fifth Generation Computers IBM Watson sparked curiosity around “machines that could think” and opened up the possibilities around how AI could be applied to business. Five types of computers Five types of computers Five types of computers Five types of computers Five types of computers INPUT, OUTPUT AND MEMORY DEVICES Any data or information, entered into the computer for processing, by means of an input device is known as input. After processing, information are displayed through output devices. Memory devices are used to store data for future use. COMPUTER SOFTWARE Software is the other name for computer program. Basically is the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer what to do to process the data into desired format. The two kinds of software are: 1. Systems software are those programs that are being used by the computer hardware. These are the operating systems, device drivers and utilities that manage the internal resources of the computer. Example: Windows XP, Windows Vista COMPUTER SOFTWARE 2. Application software are those programs that are used by the end-user. These are the programs that process user raw data encoded or placed into the computer. It includes: ✓Word processing Application (MS Word) ✓Spreadsheet Application (MS Excel) ✓Presentation graphics (MS PowerPoint) ✓Organizer (MS Outlook) ✓Database management Program (Microsoft Access) ✓Desktop Publishing, Graphics, video, multimedia, animation COMPUTER SOFTWARE For connectivity applications, one may use programs such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator to connect, surf or browse the internet.