ITEC 101 - Introduction to Information Technology - Week 1-3 - PDF

ITEC 101 – Introduction to Information Technology 3. THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB Instructor: Monyrath Buntoun (Ms.) 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Discuss how the Internet evolved and what it is like today. 2. Identify the vari...

ITEC 101 – Introduction to Information Technology 3. THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB Instructor: Monyrath Buntoun (Ms.) 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Discuss how the Internet evolved and what it is like today. 2. Identify the various types of individuals, companies, and organizations involved in the Internet community and explain their purposes. 3. Describe device and connection options for connecting to the Internet, as well as some considerations to keep in mind when selecting an ISP. 4. Understand how to search effectively for information on the Internet and how to cite Internet resources properly. 5. List several ways to communicate over the Internet, in addition to e-mail. 6. List several useful activities that can be performed via the Web. 2 7. Discuss censorship and privacy and how they are related to Internet use. CONTENT I. The evolution of the Internet II. Myths about the Internet III. Types of Connection and Internet Access IV. Searching the Internet V. Beyond Browsing and E-Mail VI. Censorship and Privacy Issues 3 EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET Internet  Largest and most well-known computer network, linking millions of computers all over the world  The Internet has actually operated in one form or another for several decades ARPANET  The predecessor of the Internet – Created in 1969 and named after the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which sponsored its development  Initially connected four supercomputers; eventually evolved into today’s Internet 4 EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET Img src: https://theconversation.com/how-the-internet-was-born-the-arpanet-comes-to-life-68062 ARPANET  The initial four supercomputers that were connected through ARPANET includes: UCLA (University of California Los Angeles) UCSB (University of California Santa Barbara) UTAH (University of Utah) SRI (Stanford Research Institute) 5  EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET The World Wide Web  The collection of Web pages available through the Internet  Proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989  Originally only text-based content; release of the Mosaic browser in 1993 led to graphical content 6 Img src: https://webdirections.org/blog/years-of-transformation-1993-and-mosaic/ EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET The World Wide Web  Web 2.0 (Current era) – Wide variety of content available via Web pages today such as social networking, RSS, podcasts, blogs and wikis  The World Wide Web and the Internet are not owned by any person, business, or organization  Primary infrastructure that makes up the Internet backbone is typically owned by communications companies 7 EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET The Internet Community Today  Users - People who use the Internet  Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Provide access to the Internet, typically for a fee Include most communication and media companies  Internet Content Providers – Persons or organizations that provide Internet content Businesses, non-profit organizations, educational institutions, individuals 8 EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET  Application Service Providers (ASPs) and Web Services – Companies that manage and distribute Web-based software services over the Internet Cloud software, Software as a Service (SaaS), cloudware Often fee-based business software Web service: self-contained business application that operates over the Internet 9 EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET  Infrastructure Companies Enterprises that own or operating the physical structure of the Internet Conventional and mobile phone companies, cable companies, and satellite Internet providers  Hardware and Software Companies Provide the hardware and software used in conjunction with the Internet and Web 10 EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET  The Government and Other Organizations Some countries limit information and access The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) influences communications in the U.S Internet Society (ISOC) – Addresses issues impacting the future of the internet Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) – Domain and IP management World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) – Protocols and standards, ensures interoperability 11 BONUS: WEB3 – THE FUTURE? 12 MYTHS ABOUT THE INTERNET Myth 1: The Internet is Free  Most people and businesses pay for Internet access  Mobile phone users pay hotspot providers or mobile phone providers for access  Fee-based content is growing at a rapid pace Music/movie downloads Donation-based sites 13 MYTHS ABOUT THE INTERNET Myth 2: Someone Controls the Internet  No single group or organization controls the Internet  Governments can regulate Internet use within its country, but difficult to enforce (eg. China forbid Facebook. The U.S restrict pirate sites.) Myth 3: The Internet and World Wide Web are identical  Internet is the physical network  WWW is the collection of Web pages available over the Internet  Other resources are available via the Internet, for example, FTP 14 INSIDE THE INDUSTRY BOX FUN FACT: Mobile Data in the U.S. is actually very expensive. Mobile Data Caps  Mobile data use is increasing rapidly  Many wireless carriers now have data caps for mobile devices  Either lose high-speed access or are charged a fee when data cap is exceeded  Best to monitor your data use to stay below your data cap  Onavo also compresses data 15 TYPES OF CONNECTION AND INTERNET ACCESS Types of Internet Connection:  Conventional Dial-Up  Cable  DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)  Satellite Broadband – a higher speed internet  Fixed wireless connection that allows for direct connection  Broadband over Fiber (BoF)  Mobile wireless 16 CONVENTIONAL DIAL-UP  Uses dial-up modem connected to standard telephone jack  Most often used with home computers for users who do not need or do not want to pay for broadband Inexpensive hardware Easy to set up and use Widespread availability Slow connection speed 17 CABLE  Most widely used home broadband connection  Fast, between 15 and 50 Mbps  Requires a cable modem 18 DSL (DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE)  Broadband delivered over telephone lines  Must be less than 3 miles from a switching station  Transmits over telephone lines but does not tie up the line  Typically 1-15 Mbps 19 SATELLITE  Broadband option for rural areas  Slower and more expensive than cable or DSL  Requires satellite modem and transceiver dish  Performance might degrade or stop altogether during bad weather 20 FIXED WIRELESS  Uses radio transmission towers rather than satellites  Requires a modem and, sometimes, an outside-mounted transceiver  Uses WiMAX technology to broadcast  Can support 5G 21 Img src: https://www.highspeedoptions.com/resources/insights/what-is-fixed-wireless-internet BROADBAND OVER FIBER (BOF)  Delivers over fiber-optic cabling all the way to the building  Also called fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP)  Most often installed by telephone companies  Download speeds between 15 Mbps and 150 Mbps  Requires special networking equipment Img src: https://celito.net/fiber-optic-cables-explained-a-comprehensive-guide/ 22 MOBILE WIRELESS  Access via a smartphone or media tablet  Typically requires a data plan  Can be in forms of Wi-Fi connection or Cellular data 23 TYPES OF CONNECTION AND INTERNET ACCESS Wi-Fi Hotspots  Public wireless networks (Wi-Fi)  Both free and fee-based are available 24 SELECTING AN ISP Selecting an ISP  Type of device used – compatibility with the network  Type of Internet connection  Service desired (casually browsing, streaming, etc.)  geographic location Questions to ask include speed, outages, support, limits, pricing options, etc.  Pricing options between different ISP companies will vary  Many ISPs offer tiers or different levels (speeds) of service for different prices 25 SELECTING AN ISP FACT: When it comes to internet speed, the speed offers on the packages are just the maximum speed possible. Other factors influence the speed includes:  Network congestion (peak times)  Type of connection and stability  Hardware and infrastructure (old routers, blind spots, etc.) 26 SEARCHING THE INTERNET Search Sites  Web sites designed to help users search for Web pages that match specified keywords or selected categories Typically use a search engine in conjunction with a database containing information about Web pages to locate appropriate Web pages Many search sites available (Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask.com, etc.) Real-time search engines are emerging – Search the Web live rather than relying on a database 27 SEARCHING THE INTERNET Keyword Search  Keywords are typed in a search box to locate information on the Internet  Matching Web pages are called hits  Clicking on a Web page name displays that page Directory Search  Categories are selected to locate information on the Internet 28 SEARCHING THE INTERNET Search Site Tools  Search for music files, image files, news articles, maps, people, videos  Google is one of the most versatile search sites 29 PRACTICE Use Google search to search for images of “wallpaper”. You can feel free to add more keywords that you want. Other search criteria:  Size: Large  Usage Rights: Creative Common Licenses (feel free to add any other filters that you want to try) 30 SEARCH STRATEGIES  Using Phrases – typing more than one keyword in a keyword search  Using Boolean Operators – Use AND, OR, and NOT to further refine a search Check to see what operators can be used on the site  Using Multiple Search Sites – Different search sites can return different results  Using Appropriate Keywords, Synonyms, Variant Word Forms, and Wildcards Synonyms are different words that mean the same thing Variations of your keywords, alternate spellings, etc. Wildcards, such as *, can be used to search for keyword patterns 31 eg. “inter*” may results in “internet”, “international”, “interview”, etc. SEARCH STRATEGIES  Using Field Searches – Field searches are searches limited to a particular characteristic, such as page title, page text, URL, top level domain or Web site 32 EVALUATING SEARCH RESULTS  Does the title and listed description sound appropriate for the information you are seeking?  Is the URL from an appropriate company or organization?  You should also evaluate: The author The source – Determine if reliable or biased The date – Many online articles are years old  Verify online information with a second source 33 CITING INTERNET RESOURCES To avoid plagiarism, proper citation procedures should be used for all Internet content used in a paper, book, or on a Web site. Citation should include:  Author  Date of publication  Article or Web page title  “Retrieved” statement listing the date the article was retrieved from the Internet and the URL used 34 CITING INTERNET RESOURCES The complete list of citation is called a “reference list”. 35 TOOLS FOR CITING INTERNET RESOURCES  Scribbr (https://www.scribbr.com/citation/generator/apa/)  Citation machine (https://www.citationmachine.net/apa) More advanced citation tools (for research)  Mendeley  Zotero 36 PRACTICE  Using the previous topics, apply the search strategies to search for relevant information and articles.  Keep track of the links that you find interesting and create a reference list using scribbr. Topics 1. Tools like ChatGPT in education 2. Personalization and privacy concerns when using social media 3. Cyberbullying Submit the reference list with all your 4. Digital Footprint group members name to my email. This 37 5. Impact of computers on health and lifestyle will be included as Class Participation. BEYOND BROWSING AND E-MAIL  Many types of other online communications methods exist  Instant Messaging (IM) and Text Messaging Instant Messaging Exchanging real-time messages Example of presence technology Can be group messages Beginning to replace e-mail for personal communication Text Messaging Used by mobile phone users 38 Also called Short Message Service (SMS) BEYOND BROWSING AND E-MAIL  Twittering and Social Networking Updates Users post short updates called tweets Used in both business and personal lives Other types of status updates are available via some social networking sites  Forums Web page that enables individuals to post messages on a particular topic for others to read and respond to 39 BEYOND BROWSING AND E-MAIL  Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Making telephone calls over the Internet Computer to computer – Skype, IM, etc. More permanent VoIP setups replace landline phones Relatively inexpensive—as little as $25 per month Does not work when Internet connection or power is out 40 BEYOND BROWSING AND E-MAIL  Web Conferences and Webinars Web Conference Face-to-face meeting (videoconferencing) taking place via the Internet Typically takes place using a personal computer or mobile phone Used by individuals and businesses Business Web conferencing is often used for meetings between individuals located in different geographical locations Webinar - A seminar presented via the Web Webcast - A completely one-way presentation 41 BEYOND BROWSING AND E-MAIL Social Networking/Social Media  Social Networking Site - A site that enables a community of individuals to communicate and share information  Social Media - The collection of social networking sites and other communications channels used to share information 42 BEYOND BROWSING AND E-MAIL Social Media Uses:  Share information about yourself (Facebook, etc.)  Connect people in specific geographic areas  Check in to locations  Sign in to Web sites  Business marketing tool For security and safety reasons, users should be careful not to reveal too much about themselves 43 Sites are increasingly monitored by colleges and employers. BEYOND BROWSING AND E-MAIL 44 ONLINE SHOPPING AND INVESTING  Online Shopping – Buying products or services over the Internet  Online Auction – Bids are placed for items and the highest bidder purchases the item  Online Banking – Performing banking activities via the Web  Online investing – Buying and selling stocks or other types of investments via the Web 45 ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT  Online Music – Music played or obtained via the Web  Online TV, Videos, and Movies Videos watched or downloaded via the Web Live or recorded TV shows available via the Web Feature films available via the Web Video-on-demand (VoD) Downloading movies and television shows, on demand, via the Web Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) – content delivered directly to your TV 46 ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT  Online Gaming Playing games via the Web Web-based games, online multiplayer games, etc. Quite often associated with Internet addiction – The inability to stop using the Internet or to prevent extensive use of the Internet from interfering with other aspect’s of one’s life Gamification trend involves using gaming elements (earning points or rewards) in a non-entertainment context, such as for customer and employee engagement 47 ONLINE NEWS, REFERENCE, AND INFORMATION  Online News Available through Web sites belonging to news organizations, television networks, newspapers, magazines, etc. Usually updated on a continual basis Growing trend is to abandon print subscriptions and provide Web-only service--mainly due to cost News archives are often available (sometimes requires a fee) 48 ONLINE NEWS, REFERENCE, AND INFORMATION  Reference Sites Provide access to specific types of useful information Phone and address directories, weather, maps, home values, encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc.  Portal Web page – Designed to be selected as a browser’s home page; typically can be customized 49 ONLINE NEWS, REFERENCE, AND INFORMATION 50 ONLINE NEWS, REFERENCE, AND INFORMATION  RSS (Really Simple Syndication) Feeds – News tool that delivers selected Web content to subscribers as the content is published to a Web site Img src: https://www.theverge.com/24036427/rss-feed-reader-best **RSS Feeds is a type of News Feeds. 51 ONLINE NEWS, REFERENCE, AND INFORMATION  Podcasts Recorded audio or video file that can be played or downloaded via the Web Prepared by individuals and businesses Used to share knowledge, express opinions, share original poems, songs, or short stories Typically uploaded to the Web on a regular basis 52 ONLINE NEWS, REFERENCE, AND INFORMATION  Product, Corporate, Government, and Other Information Vast amount of product and government information available online Product specifications Instruction manuals Tax forms Government publications Legislative bills Wide variety of information from non-profit organizations, conservation groups, political parties, etc., also available 53 TREND BOX Internet of Things (IoT)  Everyday objects are connected to and uniquely identified on the Internet  Also called Machine-to-Machine (M2M)  Will include sensors in shoes and other objects, smart fitness devices, home automation systems, smart farm equipment, smart freeways and traffic lights, etc.  Devices will communication with each other and provide feedback to users as needed  Initial applications include home automation and wearable technology 54 TREND BOX Apple Watch  A wearable technology  Track health such as fitness level, menstrual cycle, heart rate, sleep, etc.  Sync the data with your phone  Besides health, it can be used for notifications and sync with other applications that support it. Eg. Using with Apple Maps for navigation, it will notify when you have to turn left/right or have reached your bus stop. 55 ONLINE EDUCATION AND WRITING Online Education  Using the Internet to facilitate learning  Web-based learning management systems – Used to deliver course content, manage assignments and grades, and more  Student response systems Students use a special device or their mobile phone to respond to surveys or review questions during lectures  Web-based training (WBT) Any instruction delivered via the Web 56 Commonly used for employee training ONLINE EDUCATION AND WRITING  Distance Learning Students take classes from a different location from the one where the delivery of instruction takes place  Online Testing – Taking tests via the Internet Available for both objective and performance-based exams Typically graded automatically Cheating is an issue. However, tools like webcam, screen & browser tab monitoring can be used to prevent that. Eg. Lockdown Browser 57 ONLINE EDUCATION AND WRITING Online Writing  Wikis A collaborative Web page that is designed to be edited and republished by a variety of individuals Wikipedia is one of the largest Carefully evaluate content, as irresponsible individuals can enter erroneous information 58  ONLINE EDUCATION AND WRITING Online Writing  Blogs – A Web page that contains short, frequently updated entries in chronological order, typically by just one individual  E-portfolios A collection of an individual’s work accessible via the Web 59 https://brittanychiang.com/ CENSORSHIP AND PRIVACY ISSUES Censorship  Some countries block some Internet content To hinder spread of information from political opposition To filter out material determined to be offensive To protect national security  Some countries have attempted to regulate Internet content Difficulty defining “patently offensive” and “indecent” Difficult finding a fair balance between protection and censorship 60 CENSORSHIP AND PRIVACY ISSUES Internet Filtering  Using software or browser options to block access to particular Web pages or types of Web pages  Used by individuals, schools, employers, public computers, etc.  Can use browser settings or special filtering software  For computers and mobile devices Eg. Tools against digital toxicity 61 CENSORSHIP AND PRIVACY ISSUES Web Browsing Privacy  Encompasses what information about individuals is available, how it is used, and by whom  Cookies Small files stored on a hard drive by a Web server Used to identify return visitors and their preferences Can be used to track Web activity Can be personally or non-personally identifiable Data can be viewed or deleted 62 Settings can be changed; can be managed with software CENSORSHIP AND PRIVACY ISSUES Spyware and Adware  Spyware Software installed without users knowledge that transmits data secretly through the user’s Internet connection Sometimes used by advertisers to gather marketing information Used by criminals to gather personal data stored on your computer 63 CENSORSHIP AND PRIVACY ISSUES  Adware  Software supported by onscreen advertising  Often included in free programs  Does not gather information  Is not installed without user’s consent E-Mail Privacy  Only encrypted e-mail can be transmitted privately  Employers and ISPs have access to e-mails sent through those organizations 64  Businesses and ISPs typically archive e-mail messages SUMMARY  The evolution of the Internet  Myths about the Internet  Types of Connection: Conventional Dial-Up, Cable, DSL, Satellite, Fixed wireless, Broadband over Fiber (BoF), Mobile wireless.  Searching the Internet & Strategies to search  Citing Internet Resources  Beyond Browsing and E-Mail (Online shopping, Entertainment, Education, etc.)  Censorship and Privacy Issues 65  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Which of the followings is the first browser that leads to graphical content on the Web? 66 ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use What makes Web 2.0 different from the older Web era? 67 ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Which of the followings is a myth about the Internet? 68 ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Which of the followings are considered Broadband connection? (There are more than one correct answers) 69 ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Which of the followings is NOT a search strategy? 70 ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use When citing Internet resources using tools like Scribbr, for missing fields, you should 71 ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use Which of the followings are forms of online entertainment beyond browsing and e-mailing? (There are more than one correct answers) 72 ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.  Please download and install the Slido app on all computers you use What is the common use of Internet filtering? (There are more than one correct answers) 73 ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. REFERENCES 1. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition, Chapter 8 2. GeeksforGeeks. (2022, July 25). Types of internet connection. GeeksforGeeks. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-internet-connection/ 74 QUICK SURVEY Quiz on Monday covering Topic 1-3 MCQ Only 75 https://forms.gle/h6qVWd8MuWxLrdbV8