WEEK 06 & 07 - THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB.pdf

Introduction to Computing WEEK 06 & WEEK 07 Prepared by: Xyzarth L. Benzon  TYPES OF BROADBAND INTERNET CONNECTIONS DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) This type utilizes existing telephone lines to provide internet access. It is widely available but the speed may vary depending on the distance...

Introduction to Computing WEEK 06 & WEEK 07 Prepared by: Xyzarth L. Benzon  TYPES OF BROADBAND INTERNET CONNECTIONS DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) This type utilizes existing telephone lines to provide internet access. It is widely available but the speed may vary depending on the distance from the service provider. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Advantages: Generally more widely available and often cheaper than other types of broadband. It also allows simultaneous use of the phone line and internet. Disadvantages: Speed can vary based on the distance from the service provider’s central office. The farther away you are, the slower the speed. Cable Internet This is provided through the cable television network using coaxial cables. It generally offers higher speeds than DSL and is also widely available. Cable Internet Advantages: Typically faster than DSL and can handle high-speed data for streaming and downloads. Disadvantages: Connection speed can be influenced by the number of users in an area because the bandwidth is shared among multiple subscribers. Fiber-optic Internet Offers the highest speeds and reliability by using fibers that transmit data via light. It's excellent for high- speed downloads and uploads but isn't as widely available as DSL or cable. Fiber-optic Internet Advantages: Offers very high speeds for both uploads and downloads and is less susceptible to interference than cable or DSL. Disadvantages: Availability is still limited in comparison to DSL and cable, often restricted to urban and suburban areas. Satellite Internet Useful in rural areas where cable and DSL aren’t available. It uses a satellite dish to provide internet but can be affected by weather conditions and typically has higher latency. Satellite Internet Advantages: Available almost anywhere on the planet, making it ideal for rural or remote areas. Disadvantages: Typically has higher latency and lower speeds compared to terrestrial broadband. Weather conditions can also affect connectivity. Fixed Wireless Internet Also aimed at rural areas, it uses radio signals from a nearby base station. Like satellite, it doesn’t require cable or phone line installations but can be influenced by physical obstructions and weather. Fixed Wireless Internet Advantages: Does not require cable or phone line installations, making it useful in rural areas and places where other broadband types aren’t available. Disadvantages: The quality of the connection can be affected by physical obstructions like buildings and trees, and sometimes by weather conditions.  TYPES OF INTERNET ACCESS PROVIDERS Internet Service Providers (ISP) These companies provide internet access via various technologies like DSL, fiber, or cable. ISPs manage internet traffic and offer connection to residential and business customers. Internet Service Providers (ISP) PLDT: Offers fiber, DSL, and wireless broadband services. Converge ICT: Provides fiber internet across many cities and provinces. Globe Telecom: Offers fiber, DSL, and LTE home internet. Online Service Providers (OSP) Online service providers are entities that provide a range of services over the internet such as email, online storage, social media, and cloud-based software. Unlike ISPs, OSPs often don’t directly manage the connection itself but offer access to specific services. Online Service Providers (OSP) Gmail (Google): Email and cloud storage services. Facebook: Social networking and messaging services widely used in the Philippines. Zoom: Online video conferencing services that became highly popular during the pandemic. Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISP) These providers deliver internet services wirelessly using radio frequency, often used in areas where wired broadband is difficult to install. Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISP) Smart Communications: Offers LTE and 5G broadband services. DITO Telecommunity: The newest telco offering 4G and 5G wireless internet services. Globe at Home: Wireless broadband option using 4G LTE in homes where fiber isn't available. WEB BROWSER AND WEB ADDRESS Web Browser A web browser is software used to access and navigate the World Wide Web. It allows users to view websites, download files, play videos, and interact with online content. Popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, and Safari. Web Address A web address is another term for a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). It is the string of characters you type into a web browser's address bar to access a specific website or resource on the internet. The web address contains information about the location of a resource, including the website's domain name and sometimes specific pages, files, or data. THE COMPONENTS OF A WEB ADDRESS Components of a Web Address Protocol: Specifies how data is transferred between the browser and the web server (e.g., "http://" or "https://" for secure connections). Domain Name: Identifies the website (e.g., www.example.com). Path: Specifies a particular page or file on the website (e.g., "/about-us"). Query String: Provides additional data to the server, often for searches or dynamic content (e.g., "?search=term"). Port Number (optional): Specifies the port used to access the resource (e.g., ":80" for HTTP or ":443" for HTTPS). Fragment (optional): Refers to a specific section of a page (e.g., "#section1"). Components of a Web Address Search Engine Search Engine A search engine is a software system designed to search for information on the internet. It helps users find relevant websites, images, videos, news, and other types of content based on the keywords or phrases they enter into the search bar. Search Engine Google (the most widely used) Bing Yahoo DuckDuckGo (focused on privacy) How a Search Engine Works Crawling: The search engine uses bots, also known as spiders or crawlers, to scan the web and gather information about web pages. Indexing: The information collected by the bots is stored in the search engine’s index, a vast database of web content. Ranking: When you search for something, the search engine's algorithm sorts through the indexed pages and ranks them based on their relevance to your search. Results Display: The most relevant results appear at the top of the list on the search engine results page (SERP), with a link, a short description, and sometimes additional information. To use a search engine to search for information on the web, follow these steps: 1. Open a Web Browser: Launch a web browser such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, or Safari. 2. Go to a Search Engine: In the address bar, type the URL of a search engine, such as www.google.com, www.bing.com, or www.yahoo.com. 3. Enter Your Search Query: In the search box, type the keywords or phrases that describe the information you're looking for. Be specific to get better results. For example, instead of "weather," type "current weather in London." To use a search engine to search for information on the web, follow these steps: 4. Press Enter or Click the Search Button: After typing your query, press the "Enter" key or click the search button (usually a magnifying glass icon). 5. Review the Search Results: A list of web pages that match your search will appear. These results typically include the title of the page, a brief description, and the URL. 6. Click on a Result: Click on the link to a web page that looks most relevant to your search. It will open the page in your browser. 7. Refine Your Search if Necessary: If you don't find what you're looking for, try refining your search by changing or adding keywords. Types of Websites Portal A portal serves as a gateway to various types of content or services. It often aggregates content from multiple sources and provides links to a wide array of resources. Portals are commonly used for personalized user experiences, including email, forums, and news. News Website These websites deliver the latest information on current events. They typically focus on journalism and can be updated in real-time. News websites might cover a broad spectrum of topics or focus on specific niches like technology or sports. Informational Website These sites are designed to provide knowledge or facts about a particular topic. They can be run by governments, organizations, or individuals and are often static, offering structured content on subjects like science, health, or hobbies. Business/Marketing Website The primary function of this type of website is to promote a business, brand, product, or service. These websites often include e-commerce functionalities, customer support, and marketing campaigns. Blog Blogs are personal or professional websites where individuals or groups share articles, opinions, stories, and updates on specific topics. Blogs are usually updated frequently and often have a comment section for reader interaction. Wiki A wiki is a collaborative website where users can create, edit, and update content. It allows for community-driven contributions, making it a dynamic resource. Online Social Network These websites focus on building social connections and allowing users to interact, share content, and communicate in various ways. They typically offer profiles, messaging, and other features to foster engagement. Educational Entertainment These sites combine educational content with entertainment to make learning fun. They target a variety of audiences, especially children, through games, videos, and interactive activities. Advocacy Website Advocacy websites are created by groups or organizations to promote a particular cause, agenda, or issue. They aim to raise awareness, encourage donations, or support activism. Web Application A web app is an interactive tool hosted on the web, allowing users to perform specific tasks online. These are often functional programs that replace traditional software applications. Content Aggregator These sites collect and compile content from various sources, organizing it in one location. They often use algorithms to display trending or relevant content for users. Personal Website A personal website is created by an individual to share personal information, showcase their work, or express their interests. It could be used as an online portfolio, a blog, or a simple homepage. GOODLUCK CLASS!