Unit D: Energy Flow in Global Systems - Science 10 PDF

# Unit D: Energy Flow in Global Systems ## D1.0: Climate Climate results from interactions among the components of the Biosphere. ### Fill in the Following Definitions - **Weather is:** the conditions of temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, precipitation that occur at a particular place at a p...

# Unit D: Energy Flow in Global Systems ## D1.0: Climate Climate results from interactions among the components of the Biosphere. ### Fill in the Following Definitions - **Weather is:** the conditions of temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, precipitation that occur at a particular place at a particular time. - **Climate is:** the average weather conditions that occur in a region over a long period of time (usually a minimum period of 30 years) - **Climate Change is:** a change in climate of a region, this has occurred throughout Earth's history, both Ice Ages and warming periods. ## Complete Activity D1: Climate and Tree Growth (p341) | Sample | Age | Wet and Cool | Dry and Hot | |:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| | 1 | 30 | 1981-83, 92-94, 98-99 2000-02 | 73-80, 84-91, 95-97 | | 2 | 27 | 81-83, 92-94 198-99 | 73-80, 84-91, 95-97 | | 3 | 38 | 66, 71-72, 81-83.92-94 | 60-63, 65 67-70, 73-80 84-91, 95-97 | | 4 | 27 | 56-58, 66, 71-72, 81-83 | 53-55, 59-63, 64, 65, 67-70 53-55 52-63, 64, 65, 67-70 | **Question 1:** Scientists use core samples to study past climatic conditions; the width of the ring indicates growing conditions; also provide data for a relatively long period of time :: can identity evidence of climate change ## D1.1: Earth - Our Biosphere (p. 342 - 348) The BIOSPHERE is the thin layer of the Earth that can support life; composed of all living things and the physical environment that supports them; divided into three components: 1. Atmosphere 2. Lithosphere 3. Hydrosphere ### The ATMOSPHERE - Rises over 500 m from the surface of the Earth - Is mainly composed of a mixture of gases: - Nitrogen (78.08%) is required for plant growth. - Oxygen (20.95%) is used in cellular respiration by living organisms. - Other gases (0.97%) include: Carbon Dioxide. ### Altitude and Temperature - Altitude is: the distance above the Earth's surface, measured from sea level (surface of the ocean). - What happens to temperature when altitude increases? As altitude increases, temperature decreases. - Describe what causes a temperature inversion: This occurs when cold air is trapped below a layer of warm air, (ie: mountain). ### The LITHOSPHERE/Crust - Describe the composition of the lithosphere: The solid portion of the Earth's surface, that floats above the semi-liquid portion of the upper mantle; can support life. - Earth's surface to about 100 km deep. - What types of life are found here? The lithosphere supports micro-organisms to plants and animals (all life). - Warmed by: - The Sun's Energy (mostly) and to a lesser degree, geothermal energy (energy from the radioactive decay of materials in the EARTH'S Core). ### The HYDROSPHERE - Describe the composition of the hydrosphere: Contains all the water (s, l, g) on Earth, including water vapor in the atmosphere. - ~97% of water on Earth is saltwater; ~3% is fresh water. - Warmed by: The Sun's energy mostly and some molten material. ### The atmosphere's, the hydrosphere's and the lithosphere's relationship to the Earth's biosphere - Describe the interactions of water in the biosphere: Water exists in all three parts of the biosphere; water vapor in the atmosphere and water (in the soil/ground) in the lithosphere. **For Review:** Complete the following: D1.1 CR p. 348 #1, 4, 5, 7, 9 ## D1.1 ASSIGNMENT Complete Activity D3 p. 347; identify both manipulated and responding variables; use graph paper to graph the data and answer Questions # 1-5 **DUE:** See D2L ## D1.2: Climate (pp. 340-341 & 349-354) ### Describe how climate affects the lives of people living with severe climate conditions in terms of .... 1. Population size: Fewer people live in areas w severe climates. 2. Clothing type: Specialized clothing for extreme cold. 3. Shelter: In cold climates, need a way to heat (ie: furnace), also need to take into consideration amount of precipitation. 4. Fuel: Use more fuel in colder climates. 5. Food: Climate affects the type of food grown, expensive to import food from other areas. 6. Transportation: Colder temperatures are harder to travel to. 7. Economic opportunities: Different climates offer different forms of tourism (beaches, skiing, etc...). ### How does climate affect other species? - What is an **ADAPTATION?** - A behavior, structure, or physiological aspect of an organism that allows it to survive in its habitat. ### Describe the adaptations of the following organisms that allow them to survive in their habitats. - **A) Deciduous Tree:** Lose their leaves in winter when there is less sunlight. - **B) Tropical Plant:** Have lots of stomata. - **C) Grizzly Bear:** Hibernate in the winter, when food sources are low. - **D) Iguana:** Color of skin to camouflage. ## Unit D: Energy Flow in Global Systems ### Why investigate climate change? 1. **History of Earth's climate change:** - The Earth's has experienced a change in its climate a number of times in 4.5 billion years. - There have been Ice Ages and Warming Periods. 2. **List at least 4 examples of evidence that supports this history:** - Ice Core Samples. - Fossil Record. - Recorded Average Temperatures of a Region. - Tree Growth Rings (p 341 of your text book). 3. **Compare anecdotal to scientific evidence, and give examples:** - **Anecdotal** = relies on reports from people about weather events, can be biased. Ex: the snow arrived earlier this year. - **Scientific** = relies on evidence collected in an unbiased way as possible (Ex: the average temp in Canada has increased by 1°C between 1948-1999). 4. **List some possible consequences of climate change on people?** - Extreme weather events - eg: flooding, snow storms drought, etc... 5. **List some possible consequences of climate change on other species?** - Rapid change in habitats, loss of food source. **For Review:** Complete the following: D1.2 CR p. 354 #1, 4- 6 & D1.0 SR p. 355 #1, 2, 4-12