Water Resource PDF

In recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchaee Yojana scrutiny and opposition for a variety of Some of the broad objectives of this reasons. Regulating and damming of rivers programme are...

In recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchaee Yojana scrutiny and opposition for a variety of Some of the broad objectives of this reasons. Regulating and damming of rivers programme are to enhance the physical affect their natural flow causing poor sediment access of water on the farm and expand flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom cultivable area under assured irrigation (har of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream khet ko pani), improve on-farm water use beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic efficiency to reduce wastage and increase life. Dams also fragment rivers making it availability both in duration and extent, difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially irrigation and other water saving for spawning. The reservoirs that are created technologies (per drop more crop) and on the floodplains also submerge the existing introduce sustainable water conservation vegetation and soil leading to its practices, etc. decomposition over a period of time. Do you know that the Krishna-Godavari Sardar Sarovar Dam has been built over dispute is due to the objections raised by the Narmada River in Gujarat. This is one Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh of the largest water resource projects of governments? It is regarding the diversion India covering four states—Maharashtra, of more water at Koyna by the Maharashtra government for a multipurpose project. This Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan. would reduce downstream flow in their The Sardar Sarovar project would meet the states with adverse consequences for requirement of water in drought-prone and agriculture and industry. desert areas. Sardar Sarovar Project will provide irrigation facilities to 18.45 lakh hectare of land, covering 3112 villages in Make a list of inter-state water disputes. 15 districts of Gujarat. It will also irrigate 2,46,000 hectare of land in the strategic Ironically, the dams that were constructed desert districts of Barmer and Jalore in to control floods have triggered floods due to Rajasthan and 37,500 hectare in the tribal sedimentation in the reservoir. Moreover, the hilly tract of Maharashtra through lift. big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in About 75 per cent of the command area in controlling floods at the time of excessive Gujarat is drought prone while entire rainfall. command in Rajasthan is drought prone. Assured water supply will soon make this area drought proof. Collect information about floods occurred in Source: Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd. different parts of the country due to heavy https://www.sardarsarovardam.org/ rainfall in recent times. Irrigation has also changed the cropping These floods have not only devastated life pattern of many regions with farmers shifting and property but also caused extensive soil to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences like erosion. Sedimentation also meant that the flood salinisation of the soil. Pradhan Mantri Krishi plains were deprived of silt, a natural fertiliser, Sinchaee Yojana has been started which further adding on to the problem of land ensures access to some means to protective degradation. It was also observed that the multi- irrigation for all agricultural farms in the purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused country, thus bringing much desired rural water-borne diseases and pests and pollution prosperity. resulting from excessive use of water. WATER RESOURCES 23 Reprint 2024-25